Errymath

Comparison vertical climbing of the Aircrafts

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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Some requires afterburners, while another not need.</span></b>
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<b>PAK FA T-50 vs US F-22 "Raptor"</b>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="300" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/lswgQlJtdPM" width="500"></iframe>

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<b>USAF F-22 Incredible Tight Turn with Full Afterburner @ RIAT 2016, Fairford</b>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="300" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/GBoDlX26m3I" width="500"></iframe>

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<img alt="upload_2016-12-29_14-7-7.png" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" src="http://defence.pk/attachments/upload_2016-12-29_14-7-7-png.364324/" />  <br />
<img alt="36a59507cb.jpg" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" src="http://defence.pk/attachments/36a59507cb-jpg.364208/" />  <br />
<img alt="Screen Shot 2016-12-29 at 12.48.43 PM.png" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="398" src="http://defence.pk/attachments/screen-shot-2016-12-29-at-12-48-43-pm-png.364300/" width="640" /><br />
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<b>F-15 Eagles | Vertical Climb Takeoffs
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="300" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TXxhSmQlWhA" width="500"></iframe>

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<b>Su-35 vertical take-off 
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="300" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/yVlmoNtcyhY" width="500"></iframe>

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<img alt="Screen Shot 2016-12-29 at 12.47.43 PM.png" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="428" src="http://defence.pk/attachments/screen-shot-2016-12-29-at-12-47-43-pm-png.364289/" width="640" />
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<b><img alt="Screen Shot 2016-12-29 at 12.51.00 PM.png" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="386" src="http://defence.pk/attachments/screen-shot-2016-12-29-at-12-51-00-pm-png.364303/" width="640" /> </b><br />
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<b>Mig-29 spectacular almost vertical take off
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="300" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/VCWjByenDsM" width="500"></iframe>

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<img alt="Screen Shot 2016-12-29 at 12.50.09 PM.png" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="368" src="http://defence.pk/attachments/screen-shot-2016-12-29-at-12-50-09-pm-png.364298/" width="640" /><br />
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<b>J-20 Tight Turn and  <span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">vertical climbing </span>   </b></b><br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="300" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/VyCagF0RUQQ" width="500"></iframe>

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<img alt="a.JPG" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="259" src="http://defence.pk/attachments/a-jpg.364262/" width="640" /><br />
J-20 at Zhuhai 2016<br />
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<img alt="upload_2016-12-29_14-11-8.png" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" src="http://defence.pk/attachments/upload_2016-12-29_14-11-8-png.364330/" /><br />
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Comparison vertical climbing of the Aircrafts

Some requires afterburners, while another not need. PAK FA T-50 vs US F-22 "Raptor" USAF F-22 Incredible Tight Turn with Full Afterburner @ RIAT 2016, Fairford F-15 Eagles | Vertical Climb Take…

Boeing T-X FirstFlight 360

Northrop Grumman - Aircraft TV Commercial (Alternate Ending) The Dance on the Deck of an Aircraft Carrier! US Navy - Around the World, Around the Clock : Sea, Air & Special Operations …

The world’s highest bridge

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<a href="https://giphy.com/gifs/1lETQXD0XgqOc">via GIPHY</a><br />
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<div class="article__summary summary ">
Standing more than 20 meters higher than One World Trade Center 
in New York, the world’s highest bridge has officially opened to traffic
 in southwest China.

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The Beipanjiang Bridge, 
which connects the mountainous provinces of Guizhou and Yunnan, has 
claimed the title of world’s highest bridge from another Chinese feat of
 engineering, the Sidu River Bridge in Hubei provinceThe bridge, with a height equivalent to a 200-storey building, cuts 
travel time from Liupanshui in Guizhou to Xuanwei in Yunnan from around 
five hours to under two.<br />
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<img alt="Latest feat of Chinese engineering will leave you dizzy (VIDEOS, PHOTOS)" class="media__item " src="https://cdn.rt.com/files/2016.12/original/5864ef02c36188f23e8b4586.jpg" /> © CCTV News / YouTube<br />
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Construction of the 1,341-meter-long suspension bridge began in 2013 and
 ran to a final cost of approximately 1 billion Yuan ($144 million). 
State-run Chinese media organization CCTV reports that strong winds in 
the valley posed a problem for engineers in designing and building the 
massive structure.<br />
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<a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/BKPzrUahBIV/" style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">A photo posted by Getnoticedapp (@getnoticedapp)</a> on <time datetime="2016-09-12T07:10:21+00:00" style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px;">Sep 12, 2016 at 12:10am PDT</time></div>
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<i>"Where to place the bridge piers was a problem,”</i> deputy chief engineer Liu Bo <a href="http://english.cctv.com/2016/12/29/VIDElwHBIcCNNG1hrVuMiMQq161229.shtml" target="_blank">said</a>. <i>“The
 gorge here is over 500 meters deep, so how are we going to design the 
structure of the bridge to deal with the strong wind field problem?” </i><br />
The engineers overcame the issue by assembling all parts of the 
bridge on site, giving them a higher degree of precision throughout the 
final phase of construction.<br />
Several of the world’s highest 
bridges are in China, however the world’s tallest bridge is France’s 
Millau viaduct which stands at 270 meters tall.<br />
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The world’s highest bridge

via GIPHY Standing more than 20 meters higher than One World Trade Center in New York, the world’s highest bridge has officially opened to traffic in southwest China. The Beipanjiang Bridge, …

South Koreans Build The World's First Human-Driven Bipedal Giant Robot

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<img class="ls-lazy-image-tag ls-gif cursor-pointer lazyautosizes lazyloaded" data-anim-src="https://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--DxNzN7ny--/c_fit,fl_progressive,q_80,w_320/k2fvytsg9byamfm7erda.gif" data-chomp-id="k2fvytsg9byamfm7erda" data-format="gif" data-mp4-src="https://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--7HVvkCtn--/c_scale,fl_progressive,q_80,w_800/k2fvytsg9byamfm7erda.mp4" data-poster-src="https://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--UR2jXy8H--/c_scale,fl_progressive,q_80,w_800/k2fvytsg9byamfm7erda.jpg" data-sizes="auto" data-webm-src="https://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--zWdurXP_--/c_scale,fl_progressive,q_80,w_800/k2fvytsg9byamfm7erda.webm" src="https://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--UR2jXy8H--/c_scale,fl_progressive,q_80,w_800/k2fvytsg9byamfm7erda.jpg" /><br />
(Photo Credit: Vitaly Bulgarov)<br />
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The giant robot has been one of the coolest concepts in sci-fi since forever. I mean, who <em>hasn’t</em>
 fantasized about wielding the strength and size of an enormous 
mechanized avatar? As of this week, that fantasy looks close to being 
realized.<br />
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Behold the 13-foot tall 1.5-ton “Method-2,” brainchild of South 
Korean robotics company Hankook Mirae Technology, which is taking its 
first “baby steps” under the watchful eyes of about 30 engineers and 
members of the media this week.<br />
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As <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/12/27/giant-avatar-style-robot-takes-first-steps-south-korea/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><i>The Telegraph </i></a>quotes
 company chairman Yang Jin-Ho: “Our robot is the world’s first manned 
bipedal robot and is built to work in extreme hazardous areas where 
humans cannot go [unprotected.]”<br />
Yang has reportedly invested $200
 million in the project since 2014. “The robot is one year old so it is 
taking baby steps,” Yang told <i>The Telegraph. </i>“Just like humans, it will be able to move more freely in the next couple of years.”<br />
The
 paper also says Method-2 will be “ready for sale by the end of 2017 at a
 price of around 10 billion won ($8.3 million).” So perhaps the 
company’s planning to sell an elemental version or something about the 
timeline got lost in translation there.<br />
Meanwhile, let’s focus on what’s important: it’s a freaking giant robot you can drive.<br />
At first I was sure this machine was just a Hollywood prop, especially given the involvement of designer <a href="https://vitalybulgarov.com/about/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Vitaly Bulgarov</a>, whose work you might recognize in <i>Transformers</i>, <i>RoboCop</i>, <i>Terminator</i> and other sci-fi projects.<br />
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But while Bulgarov <i>did </i>draw up some dramatized battlebot 
renders for Hankook Mirae, it looks like Method-2 is an honest-to-god 
Earth-stomping manned mech, with 286-pound arms mimicking the movements 
of the robot’s pilot, just like the suit from the last battle scene of <i>Avatar</i>.<br />
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Yang has spent millions of dollars and years of energy to “bring to life
 what only seemed possible in movies and cartoons,” and yeah, looks like
 his company pretty much nailed it.<br />
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 “One of the most common questions we get is about the power source. The 
company’s short term goals include developing robotic platforms for 
industrial areas where having a tethered robot is not an issue. Another 
short-term real world application includes mounting only the top part of
 the robot on a larger wheeled platform solving the problem of 
locomotion through an uneven terrain as well as providing enough room 
for sufficient power source. A modified version of that is already in 
development and is planned to help in restoration of Fukushima disaster 
area. Stay tuned for more updates!”<br />
<br />
Method-2 looks like it could do everything from construction to 
military patrols, but of course the true extent of the robot’s practical
 applications will be determined by what its real-world functionality 
ends up looking like.<br />

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That said, if a consumer version really is made available for $8 
million, I bet the Koreans would have no trouble selling a few of these 
to eccentric rich people as toys. <br />
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South Koreans Build The World's First Human-Driven Bipedal Giant Robot

(Photo Credit: Vitaly Bulgarov) The giant robot has been one of the coolest concepts in sci-fi since forever. I mean, who hasn’t fantasized about wielding the strength and size of an enormous mecha…

Experts reveal what REALLY happens when you get drunk

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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span id="ext-gen132" style="font-size: 1.2em;">Whether
 you plan to toast the New Year with champagne or liquor, every 
alcoholic drink will have one thing in common – the mind-altering 
molecule ethanol.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">This
 chemical is responsible for simultaneously slowing down the brain and 
releasing a number of stimulants, giving rise to the feeling of being 
drunk.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">A new <a class="" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1xVqwYxe4Gw&feature=youtu.be" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">Reactions</a>
 video reveals the many ways alcohol affects the brain, leading to 
impaired thoughts, sound and light sensitivity, and even ‘blackouts.’</span></div>
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<img alt="Whether you plan to toast the New Year with champagne or liquor, every alcoholic drink will have one thing in common – the mind-altering molecule ethanol. A new Reactions video reveals the many ways alcohol affects the brain" class="blkBorder img-share b-loaded" height="423" id="i-6524fd9958f0016d" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/12/27/21/3BABC80A00000578-0-image-a-19_1482873489777.jpg" style="display: block;" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-1">
  
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Whether you plan to 
toast the New Year with champagne or liquor, every alcoholic drink will 
have one thing in common – the mind-altering molecule ethanol. A new 
Reactions video reveals the many ways alcohol affects the brain</div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<br /><div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span id="ext-gen134" style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘Booze all contains the same molecule that messes with your mind,’ the video from the American Chemical Society explains.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">And this molecule – ethanol – is both ‘where the party gets started’ and where it ‘slows down.’</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">According to the video, ethanol binds to the GABA and NMDA receptors.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">When it binds to the GABA receptor, it causes neural message firing to slow, making you feel calm.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">And, by blocking the NMDA receptors, it can cause you to feel tired, and even interfere with memory, the researchers explain.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘The more ethanol you have, the less you’ll remember, and this is what can cause blackouts,’ the video explains.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">While this is all happening, the ethanol also causes the brain to release stimulants: norepinephrine, adrenaline and cortisol.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font" id="ext-gen135">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">According to the researchers, these work to ‘hype you up.’</span></div>
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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span id="ext-gen136" style="font-size: 1.2em;">As
 a result, your airways will open up and more oxygen reaches the brain, 
in turn enhancing your senses, including your perception of sound and 
light.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The ‘feel good’ chemical dopamine also gets released, helping you to feel as though you’re having a good time.</span></div>
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<img alt="Ethanol binds to the GABA and NMDA receptors. When it binds to the GABA receptor, it causes neural message firing to slow, making you feel calm. And, by blocking the NMDA receptors, it can cause you to feel tired, and even interfere with memory, the researchers explain" class="blkBorder img-share b-loaded" height="358" id="i-3333a38eccf77534" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/12/27/21/3BABC81600000578-0-image-a-20_1482873707028.jpg" style="display: block;" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-2">
  
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Ethanol binds to the GABA and NMDA 
receptors. When it binds to the GABA receptor, it causes neural message 
firing to slow, making you feel calm. And, by blocking the NMDA 
receptors, it can cause you to feel tired, and even interfere with 
memory, the researchers explain</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But, the ethanol also impairs certain pathways in the brain, preventing it from getting enough energy to operate at full speed.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">This is what impairs thought processes and can have a hand in making bad decisions, the video explains.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The ethanol also acts like a ‘bouncer’ for some hormones, including an antidiuretic hormone.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">This, in part, makes you feel as though you need to urinate more frequently.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Some of the effects, however, can be far more dangerous.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
    <div class="mol-img">
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<img alt="Alcohol also alters a number of the functions that keep you alive, including the pumping of blood through the body, breathing, and body temperature, according to the video" class="blkBorder img-share b-loaded" height="352" id="i-ed1b7955b6082163" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/12/27/21/3BABC81A00000578-0-image-a-21_1482873713795.jpg" style="display: block;" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-3">
  
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<div class="imageCaption">
Alcohol also alters a number of the 
functions that keep you alive, including the pumping of blood through 
the body, breathing, and body temperature, according to the video</div>
</div>
<div class="moduleFull mol-video">
<a class="namedLink" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="video"></a><div class="item">
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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">According to the video, ethanol slows down parts of the brain in charge of muscle movement, which can lead to clumsy behaviour.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">And,
 alcohol also alters a number of the functions that keep you alive, 
including the pumping of blood through the body, breathing, and body 
temperature.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The ethanol can impair the temperature regulator, and cause you to feel warm even if it’s freezing outside.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">When
 these stimulant effects eventually wear off, the GABA and NMDA effects 
that had been building during that time leave you feeling tired and 
forgetful.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But, to prevent some of the negative effects, the video says having a full stomach can help.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font" id="ext-gen137">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">This will slow the absorption of ethanol through the stomach walls. <i>dailymail.co.uk</i></span></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="573" id="molvideoplayer" scrolling="no" src="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/embed/video/1301302.html" width="698"></iframe>

Experts reveal what REALLY happens when you get drunk

Whether you plan to toast the New Year with champagne or liquor, every alcoholic drink will have one thing in common – the mind-altering molecule ethanol. This chemical is responsible for simulta…

Cutting-Edge Thruster Gives Space Program a Lift

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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdG44EiWQifjQ7Co6uwic3dz0wk39bSlznKKV685iCxWv859rs0MGseCcZPTHvCLOZOz6D5wdduxJLh2PLeeDil_92-kE43dvZnAFylFG6Qa40GrT-oPE4awz9ywfYXQwCVIix8VP13ZE/s1600/The+Shijian-17+satellite%252C+loaded+with+the+HEP-100MF+thruster%252C+is+launched+by+a+Long+March+5+rocket+in+the+Wenchang+Satellite+Launch+Center+in+Hainan+province+on+Nov.+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdG44EiWQifjQ7Co6uwic3dz0wk39bSlznKKV685iCxWv859rs0MGseCcZPTHvCLOZOz6D5wdduxJLh2PLeeDil_92-kE43dvZnAFylFG6Qa40GrT-oPE4awz9ywfYXQwCVIix8VP13ZE/s640/The+Shijian-17+satellite%252C+loaded+with+the+HEP-100MF+thruster%252C+is+launched+by+a+Long+March+5+rocket+in+the+Wenchang+Satellite+Launch+Center+in+Hainan+province+on+Nov.+3.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The Shijian-17 satellite, loaded with the HEP-100MF thruster, is 
launched by a Long March 5 rocket in the Wenchang Satellite Launch 
Center in Hainan province on Nov. 3</span></td></tr>
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<a href="http://www.caixinglobal.com/2016-12-26/101030621.html" target="_blank"><i>By Yu Dawei and Teng Jing Xuan</i></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">A unique thruster mounted on a recently 
launched satellite has given China's space program an edge over 
international rivals and opened a door to deep-space exploration.<br />
<br />
The HEP-100MF thruster, jointly developed by research teams from the 
Harbin Institute of Technology (H.I.T.) and the China Academy of Space 
Technology's (CAST) Institute 502, successfully debuted Nov. 22 aboard 
an orbiting Shijian-17 satellite. The satellite was launched Nov. 3 by a
 Long March 5 rocket.<br />
<br />
"The thruster ignited successfully in geosynchronous orbit," the H.I.T. 
announced. The ignition "marks the first application of magnetic-focus 
(HEP-100MF) in space.<br />
<br />
The HEP-100MF propulsion system relies on a magnetic field to convert and control the propellant — a plume of charged ion particles — that generates the thrust needed at times to stabilize the orbiting Shijian-17.<br />
<br />
A system that relies on magnetic-focus, ion plume propulsion is less 
likely to damage a thruster's mechanism than other propulsion systems, 
scientists say. It's also considered more efficient than traditional 
chemical-propulsion thrusters.<br />
<br />
Chemical fuel propelled the powerful Saturn V rockets that helped the 
U.S. space program put men on the moon from 1969-72. But the Saturn V's 
first-stage engines burned out in less than three minutes, scientists 
say, and most of the rocket's fuel was used to propel its own weight.<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">After the engines on a Saturn V rocket burned out, the rocket's payload 
went into "space glide" mode, using inertia and gravity's pull to hurdle
 toward a destination. But additional thrust is needed to propel a 
gliding spacecraft beyond the solar system and into deep space.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"> </span><br />
Chemical propulsion systems have been commonly deployed for years to 
stabilize communications satellites, which require constant adjusting 
while in orbit. Sooner or later, though, these thrusters run out of 
fuel.<br />
<br />
The HEP-100MF might be used for deep-space missions because it's 
designed for longevity. The thruster "can be applied to space station, 
deep space exploration (and) high- and low-orbit Earth satellite orbit 
control," the H.I.T. said.<br />
<br />
China has not announced plans for a deep-space mission, but the nation's
 space program has been expanding rapidly. Recent developments include 
new rockets and the launching of a manned space station.<br />
<br />
<b>Hunting for Thrust</b><br />

The HEP-100MF is based on so-called "Hall-effect thruster" technology, 
which has been tested on the ground by researchers at American, Russian,
 European Union and Japanese space agencies.<br />
<br />
But China's thruster aboard the Shijian-17, which the official Xinhua 
News Agency said was built to "verify new technology," was the first to 
be successfully tested in space. It's also dramatically unlike 
propulsion systems of the past.<br />
<br />
Scientists have been working for years to develop long-lasting, 
deep-space-capable alternatives to chemical propulsion. Research into 
electric propulsion, for example, was under way in the United States and
 the Soviet Union even while the first Apollo missions were putting men 
on the moon more than 40 years ago.<br />
<br />
Chemical propulsion is the best option for a short burst of power, but 
mass can be moved via electric propulsion over a much longer period. 
Using a chemical propulsion system, 1 kg of mass can be moved for 300 
seconds using 1 kg of fuel. But an electric propulsion system can 
perform the same task over a period of 9,000 seconds, or two and a half 
hours.<br />
<br />
U.S. researchers led by scientist Harold Kaufman of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) worked on electron 
bombardment thrusters, which are now called Kaufman thrusters. Soviet 
researchers, guided by A. I. Morozov of the Kurchatov Institute, focused
 on the Hall-effect thruster technology.<br />
<br />
Kaufman thrusters are more fuel-efficient and have a higher specific 
impulse than Hall-effect thrusters. But the Hall-effect thruster 
mechanism is less complicated and smaller than its rival.<br />
<br />
The first Kaufmann thruster for a deep-space mission kicked into action 
aboard NASA's Deep Space 1 spacecraft in 1998. It delivered a relatively
 small amount of thrust — roughly equivalent to the amount of 
gravity-induced pressure that keeps a single sheet of paper lying flat 
on a table. But in space, that was enough thrust to accelerate the 
spacecraft by up to 32 km per day.<br />
<br />
Moreover, the Kaufmann thruster managed to operate for more than 14,000 
hours — a longer lifespan than all of the world's chemical propulsion 
engines ever built put together.<br />
<br />
Hall-effect thrusters have been used to propel more than 238 
communications satellites since 1971. But researchers have been unable 
to overcome the system's shortcomings, such as its relatively short 
lifespan and the fact that its ion plume can damage the thruster mechanism.<br />
<br />
<b>Chinese Breakthough</b><br />

Chinese space scientists considered but then abandoned the idea of using
 electric thrusters for satellites in the 1980s. But then researchers, 
led by H.I.T. scientist Yu Daren, a child prodigy who joined the 
institute at age 15, built on the success of the Hall-effect thruster to
 develop the HEP-100MF.<br />
<br />
The H.I.T.'s work began in the 1990s, Yu told Caixin in a recent 
interview, after the Russians could hail the success of their 
Hall-effect thruster technology and after commercial satellites in the 
United States started using a so-called ion thruster in 1997.<br />
<br />
A wave of Chinese researchers that included Yu initially tried to 
replicate Mozorov's findings in their own labs. Eventually, they decided
 to go beyond the Russians by using magnetism to confine the thruster's 
damaging plume.<br />
<br />
Mozorov's team had developed a rudimentary magnetic-focus system. But 
when Yu's team visited Mozorov in Moscow, they found the Russian 
technology as unreliable as their own.<br />
<br />
"The father of the Hall-effect thruster had the same problem: 
inconsistent performance," Yu told Caixin. "But my team realized that, 
if it's possible to control the ion jet for even one instant, there's a 
possibility that we can extend this control, and focus the jet 
consistently."<br />
<br />
Unlocking the secret would require many years of trial and error, Yu 
believed. Thus, the Chinese space program started giving more attention 
to electric propulsion.<br />
<br />
Interest has grown gradually. Only 20 people attended China's first 
National Electric Propulsion Conference at HIT in 2005. But 150 
scientific papers were submitted to the annual conference in 2016.<br />
<br />
In October 2012, China space-tested one Shijian-series satellite with a 
Kaufman thruster and another with a Hall-effect thruster. Each 
thruster's experiment lasted seven minutes.<br />
<br />
"Forty years of work went into those seven minutes," said Zhang Weiwen, 
director of the CAST Institute 510, whose scientists developed the 
thrusters.<br />
<br />
In 2015, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp. Institute 801 
researchers announced a breakthrough in Hall-effect technology. They 
said they had developed a thruster with a lifespan of 75,000 hours that 
could ignite 15,000 times and burn 18,000 hours without a break.<br />
<br />
The following year, Yu's team and CAST Institute 502 researchers said 
they had developed a Hall-effect thruster that would improve on its 
predecessor by up to 30 percent, the thruster's chief designer Mao Wei 
told the South China Morning Post. They called it the HEP-100MF.<br />

The November experiment, which was the first flight test for the 
HEP-100MF, has fueled confidence in China's propulsion technology and 
the space program's ability to rocket into deep space.<br />

"The technology for deep-space exploration already exists," Yu said. "All we need now is a go-ahead from the government."</span><br />
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<br />
<br /></div>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">EmDrive</span></b><br />
<br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVriK8yDGG2HNcye342KZDE-KtMSz0DjNkkrZq3oYcTUAk4xfhM4CJwsqL8v3xW60zaDhWXuPNrI7gluR0KoNBsCj11dxXC6ReMEU0YHFAM3JjBFzbHkHw880qpTnDZIj7yc8IaOCFpwoX/s640/emdrive.jpg" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVriK8yDGG2HNcye342KZDE-KtMSz0DjNkkrZq3oYcTUAk4xfhM4CJwsqL8v3xW60zaDhWXuPNrI7gluR0KoNBsCj11dxXC6ReMEU0YHFAM3JjBFzbHkHw880qpTnDZIj7yc8IaOCFpwoX/s640/emdrive.jpg" /><br />
<b>EmDrive and the propellentless Cannae drive</b><br />
<br />
CAST has held a press conference in Beijing explaining the 
importance of the EmDrive research and to move the technology forward.<br />
<br />
 EM Drive already on board its version of the International Space Station,<a href="http://www.nextbigfuture.com/2016/12/jerry-pournelle-talks-about-chinas.html" target="_blank"> the space laboratory Tiangong-2</a>.<br />
Chinese researchers have at least constructed an EM Drive and have been studying it for more than five years now.<br />

Chief designer of the CAST (China Academy of Space Technology) communication satellite division, Li Feng, 
told the media that so far their EM Drive only produces millinewtons of 
thrust (similar to NASA's version) and to make it functional, they need 
to get those levels up to between 100 millinewtons and 1 newton.<br />

The team is allegedly now working on the cavity design of the EM Drive 
and the position of the thruster, before testing their new versions on 
their satellites in orbit.<br />

Logically if an EMDrive was placed on Tiangong-2 and no thrust was 
produced in orbit, then the CAST team would probably not hold a
 press conference.<br />
If tiny thrust was produced
 in orbit and in a vacuum then further research would be pursued. 
Further research could still occur if thrust seemed to be produced on 
the ground but did not appear in orbital microgravity. <br />
"This technology is currently in the latter stages of the 
proof-of-principle phase, with the goal of making the technology 
available in satellite engineering as quickly as possible," Li Feng 
explained at the press conference.<br />

"Although it is difficult to do this, we have the confidence that we will succeed."<br />
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<br /></div>
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Cutting-Edge Thruster Gives Space Program a Lift

The Shijian-17 satellite, loaded with the HEP-100MF thruster, is launched by a Long March 5 rocket in the Wenchang Satellite Launch Center in Hainan province on Nov. 3 By Yu Dawei a…

J-20Bs with WS-15 Vector Engines ready installed by 2019

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    <a class="TweetAuthor-link Identity u-linkBlend" data-scribe="element:user_link" href="https://twitter.com/xinfengcao"><span class="TweetAuthor-name Identity-name customisable-highlight" data-scribe="element:name" title="dafeng cao">dafeng cao</span>
    
    </a><br />
    J-20 carried with four drop tanks is unveiled for the first time.<br />
<br />
Taiwan’s official Central News Agency says in its report on December 
24 that China will build 500 J-20B, more than the future total number of
 other fifth-generation fighter jets in Asian Pacific.<br />
In its report, the agency quotes Hong Kong military commentator Leung
 Kwok-leung’s December-24 article on Mingpao that speeding up the 
deployment of J-20s is China’s set strategic goal.<br />
<br />
J-20B is an improved version of J-20 installed with China’s new 
homegrown powerful WS-15 Emei turbofans. China has already developed 
WS-15 all-direction vector turbofan with thrust-weight ratio of 10. The 
turbofan is now undergoing intensive tests and will be ready to be 
installed in J-20B by 2019, an improved version of J-20.<br />
Leung’s article quotes Xu Yongling, China’s chief test pilot, as 
saying in the past, “China’s future principal fighter jet J-20 will be 
formally commissioned in 2017. The number deployed will be close to 
100.”<br />
<br />
There has recently been information from external sources that China 
will deploy 4 air regiments of J-20 fighter jets within a short period 
of time. There are 96 fighter jets in 4 regiments, close to the 100 
disclosed by Xu. According to China’s production capacity, it takes less
 than 3 years for China to build so many J-20s.<br />
The article says that China now has two J-20 production lines, one 
producing J-20 with Russian AL-31 engines and the other producing J-20A 
installed with China’s WS-10B Taihang engines.<br />
<br />
Russia has developed 99M1 to 99M4 improved versions of AL-31F, but 
China has also developed improved versions of WS-10, named WS-10A and WS-10B 
better than Russian ones with thrust-weight ratio of 9 than Russia’s 8. <br />
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span title="，但中国比俄罗斯做得更好，将推重比由8提升到9。

"></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span title="，但中国比俄罗斯做得更好，将推重比由8提升到9。

"><br /></span><span title="中航集团董事长林左鸣介绍WS-10B时说：「国产第三代单晶叶片极端环境下耐高温达到2000度，目前是全球耐高温最好的叶片，这个指标连美国都做不到。」太行">"In
 the extreme environment of domestic <b>third-generation single-crystal blade uses in WS-10B, the temperature reached 2000 degrees, and it is the best blade 
in the world for high temperature resistance. This index can not be 
achieved even in the United States</b>," said Lin Zuo-ming, chairman of 
CATIC Group. </span><span title="发动机的寿命由此从800小时增加到1500小时，大修间隔达到西方水平。

"> </span></span><br />
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span title="发动机的寿命由此从800小时增加到1500小时，大修间隔达到西方水平。

">The engine life thus increased from 800 hours to 1,500 hours, overhaul interval to the Western level.</span></span> <br />
<br />
It is said that a third production line has recently gone into 
operation to produce J-20A. As each line makes one J-20 a month, their 
combined production capacity will be 36 a year.<br />
<br />
The article discloses that by the end of 2019, there will be a fourth
 J-20 production line for trial production of J-20B using China’s 
homegrown WS-15 Emei turbofans.<br />
Due to the use of WS-15, J-20B’s cruise speed will be Mach 1.8 and 
maximum speed exceeds Mach 2.2, equal to those of US F-22. China will 
produce 500 J-20B, more than the future total number of other 
fifth-generation fighter jets in Asia-Pacific.<br />
<br />
The article points out that recently the appearance of 4 J-20s with 
serial numbers from 78271 to 78274 have been disclosed on the Internet. 
Such serial numbers are PLA air force’s numbers. All those J-20s have 
low visibility coating.<br />
In addition TerraServer took a satellite photo on November 17 of two 
J-20s at Dingxin Air Force Base in Jiuquan City, Gansu Province. The 
J-20s were obviously taking part in the annual large-scale “Red Sword” 
combined drill in November. The drill is the largest-scale real war air 
force combined drill so far in the world. The photo proves that J-20 
will soon be deployed for real war.<br />
<br />
<br /></div>

J-20Bs with WS-15 Vector Engines ready installed by 2019

dafeng cao J-20 carried with four drop tanks is unveiled for the first time. Taiwan’s official Central News Agency says in its report on December 24 that China will build 500 J-20B…

South Korean Air Force Taurus missile

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<b>Successfully test of the new Ukrainian model of a guided missile</b>
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<b>North Korea Releases Video of Latest Missile Launch</b>
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South Korean Air Force Taurus missile

Raytheon AMRAAM®-ER Missile Goes Long and Flies High Successfully test of the new Ukrainian model of a guided missile North Korea Releases Video of Latest Missile Launch …

How to take better photos using your smartphone this holiday season

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<img alt="According to professional photographer and creator of some of the original Instagram filters, Cole Rise, however, 'everyone is now a photographer in their own right' (stock image) " class="blkBorder img-share b-loaded" height="423" id="i-ee158964afe3be5a" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/12/23/12/3B9851B900000578-4061588-image-a-10_1482497333682.jpg" style="display: block;" width="634" />
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According to professional photographer
 and creator of some of the original Instagram filters, Cole Rise, 
however, 'everyone is now a photographer in their own right' (stock 
image) </div>
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<div class="art-ins mol-factbox floatRHS sciencetech" data-version="2" id="mol-38f009d0-c90a-11e6-ac35-17bb476108fb">
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<span id="ext-gen146" style="font-size: 1.2em;">Christmas
 is a time to remember - the family are together, the festivity is high,
 and having an embarrassing image of your sibling asleep in a party hat 
is always going to come in handy.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">With smartphones having replaced traditional cameras though, we're all becoming a bunch of lazy photographers.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Instead
 of waiting until the middle of February to develop Christmas photos 
only to find out your thumb covered the lens in half of them, we can now
 snap, see, share, repeat in a matter of seconds.</span></div>
<br />
<h3 class="mol-factbox-title">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;">HOW TO TAKE BETTER PHOTOS ACCORDING TO A PRO </span></h3>
<div class="ins cleared mol-factbox-body">
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Professional
 photographer and brains behind some of the original Instagram filters, 
Cole Rise, has shared his advice on taking pictures with MailOnline.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">These are the tips you should follow to ensure you capture super shots this Christmas.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">1. Learn what all the setting and features on your phone's camera do.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">2. Try and frame your photo, using the background to enhance the main point of focus.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">3. Download photography apps to enhance your camera's core features.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">4. Think outside the box and use feature in ways they weren't designed for.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">5. Don't just point and shoot, work unusual angles to get a unique perspective.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">6. Just because you have dozens of filters at your disposal doesn't mean you have to use them all at once.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">7. When sharing your photos, don't overdo it. This will make them all feel less special.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
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<div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">According to professional photographer and creator of some of the original Instagram filters, <a class="" href="https://www.instagram.com/colerise/?hl=en" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">Cole Rise</a>, however, 'everyone is now a photographer in their own right.'<span style="font-size: 1.2em;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">If that's the case, it's time to up your photo game and start getting the best shots possible. How? We asked Cole to find out.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<h2 class="mol-para-with-font mol-style-subhead">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;"> 1. GET TO KNOW YOUR KIT </span></h2>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Whether your handset's an iPhone or an Android, first you need to get to know your phone's camera.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Hit that camera 'Settings' button and start taking a look at the options hidden within. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Each phone will differ, but they'll be a few ever-present additions. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">One of these, HDR, will help enhance your shots in a variety of settings.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Taking a number of stills simultaneously, each with a different exposure level, HDR mode instantly merges these together. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The result is a photo with more pop and colour. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Bright areas will be brighter, darks darker, and previously unseen nuances will appear in the middle.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<h2 class="mol-para-with-font mol-style-subhead">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">2. THINK BEYOND THE PHOTO</span></h2>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">It's easy to look through the screen of your phone, press the shutter button and think 'yeah, that'll do'.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Try building out the image beyond just the point of focus though. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Framing is key, and bringing elements of the background or surrounding area can help build a narrative beyond the static shot. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">According to Mr Rise, that's key to a good shot.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'Think of the story behind the photo,' he told MailOnline.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font" id="ext-gen147">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'Every photo is a story in itself, it's not just an image. It has to say something.'</span></div>
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<img alt="Try building out the image beyond just the point of focus though. Framing is key, and bringing elements of the background or surrounding area can help build a narrative beyond the static shot. Pictured is one of Mr Rise's photos for Etihad Airways" class="blkBorder img-share b-loaded" height="425" id="i-3c963b2e310737fe" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/12/23/12/3B984BE000000578-4061588-image-a-12_1482497446138.jpg" style="display: block;" width="634" />
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<div class="imageCaption">
Try building out the image beyond just
 the point of focus though. Framing is key, and bringing elements of the
 background or surrounding area can help build a narrative beyond the 
static shot. Pictured is one of Mr Rise's photos for Etihad Airways</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<br /></div>
</div>
<h2 class="mol-para-with-font mol-style-subhead">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">3. USE THE RIGHT APPS</span></h2>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 stock camera app on your phone will get the job done, but it's not 
going to give you all the bells and whistles you can unearth with 
separate apps found in the app store.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">There
 are literally thousands to choose from but, chances are, there's 
already a couple, like Instagram, on your phone to enhance your snaps.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">If you want to take things to the next level though, apps like VSCO and Snapseed are great additions. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Both
 pack stylish designs with easy editing tools that can help you enhance 
new shots while transforming your existing snaps into mini works of art.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<h2 class="mol-para-with-font mol-style-subhead">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">4. PUSH BACK AGAINST THE RULES</span></h2>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Just because these apps offer guidance on how to best use these enhanced features, doesn't mean you're confined to those uses.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Sometimes going against the grain and trying something completely new can yield great photographic results.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'I love the misuse of tools,' said Mr Rise. 'I think that's the best gauge success if people are misusing something.'</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">He added: 'Just get as creative as possible because there can't be a wrong way to use these tools.'</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<h2 class="mol-para-with-font mol-style-subhead">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">5. LOOK FOR UNUSUAL ANGLES</span></h2>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Anyone can point a camera at something and take a picture. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">To ensure you're taking better photos than your mates though, you need to start looking for new and unique angles.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Using
 a recent shoot with Etihad Airways as an example, Mr Rise explained how
 getting up-close with a plane allowed him to capture a little-seen 
angle on these giant machines.</span></div>
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<img alt="Using a recent shoot with Etihad Airways as an example, Rise explained how getting up-close with a plane allowed him to capture a little-seen angle on these giant machines" class="blkBorder img-share b-loaded" height="423" id="i-1c0489bc59a50150" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/12/23/12/3B984BE500000578-4061588-image-a-9_1482497296414.jpg" style="display: block;" width="634" />
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<div class="imageCaption">
Using a recent shoot with Etihad 
Airways as an example, Rise explained how getting up-close with a plane 
allowed him to capture a little-seen angle on these giant machines</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'Getting underneath a plane was absolutely incredible. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'Your photos should take people along for a ride,' he explained.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The important point is to start looking at things differently.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
</div>
<h2 class="mol-para-with-font mol-style-subhead">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">6. TAKE IT EASY ON THE FILTERS</span></h2>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 rise of Instagram marked the death of the untouched image, and now it's
 hard to find a smartphone snap that's not been filtered beyond all 
recognition.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">When
 the man who created some of the original Instagram filters is telling 
you to take it easy on the overlays though, you know it's time to take 
note.</span></div>
<div class="mol-embed">
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'In terms of filtering, I don't want photography to be covered, I want it to be more elevated,' said Mr Rise.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'It's like information loss when you put too much over the top of it. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'If you use the Instagram filters now, you can slide them all the way down to zero if you want so they are barely visible. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'Subtlety is really important.'</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">So what filtering advice does Mr Rise offer?</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'I
 have a rule when I edit a photo,' he explained. 'I slide everything 
down to 50 per cent and see how it looks. Try and get it to as original 
as possible and build up from there.'</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
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<img alt="Mr Rise says that nowadays the quality of a photo is probably based on the number of 'Likes', 'Retweets' or 'Shares' it receives (stock image) " class="blkBorder img-share b-loaded" height="423" id="i-603e88bfd9245658" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/12/23/12/3B9851B000000578-4061588-image-a-11_1482497348416.jpg" style="display: block;" width="634" />
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<div class="imageCaption">
Mr Rise says that nowadays the quality
 of a photo is probably based on the number of 'Likes', 'Retweets' or 
'Shares' it receives (stock image) </div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<br /></div>
</div>
<h2 class="mol-para-with-font mol-style-subhead">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">7. SHARE RESPONSIBLY</span></h2>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">How do you decide on the quality of a photo?</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Nowadays, that's probably based on the number of 'Likes', 'Retweets' or 'Shares' it receives. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">This is all the more reason to share responsibly and don't let your best shots get lost in a sea of spam.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'For me, posting one or two photos a day is enough' Mr Rise explained. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'You don't want to bombard a feed and fall into those social faux pas.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'It's down to self-editing. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font" id="ext-gen148">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'There's a whole library of photos that aren't worth sharing.' </span><span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><a href="http://ec.tynt.com/b/rf?id=bBOTTqvd0r3Pooab7jrHcU&u=DailyMail" target="_blank">DailyMail on Facebook</a></span></i>                                               </span><br />
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></i></div>
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<b>Ever wonder how Santa manages to deliver all those Christmas gifts in only one night?</b>
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How to take better photos using your smartphone this holiday season

According to professional photographer and creator of some of the original Instagram filters, Cole Rise, however, 'everyone is now a photographer in their own right' (stock image) Christmas is a…

Maiden Flight of New Improved Version of J-31 Stealth Fighter

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ0WBUFoB3H99WXepxwnFzrtq_B8F5fso1X1DKc99QjBJ3xgT-kJk-Qc3jD3q8rDIELcZ8G3C5yC2sre5OI2ncZu6QVlrB0DoRi5_K4U9H7MKQ7EIH7vNaisGx0nbs3dHVvOFf3mueHRKb/s1600/Chinese+PLAAF+FC-31+Stealth+Fighter+undergoing+pre+flight+checks+3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ0WBUFoB3H99WXepxwnFzrtq_B8F5fso1X1DKc99QjBJ3xgT-kJk-Qc3jD3q8rDIELcZ8G3C5yC2sre5OI2ncZu6QVlrB0DoRi5_K4U9H7MKQ7EIH7vNaisGx0nbs3dHVvOFf3mueHRKb/s640/Chinese+PLAAF+FC-31+Stealth+Fighter+undergoing+pre+flight+checks+3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<img alt="FC-31-4.jpg" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="359" src="http://defence.pk/attachments/fc-31-4-jpg.363120/" width="640" /><br />
<br />
<a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/china-tests-latest-stealth-fighter-aircraft-fc-31-its-answer-to-us-f-35-jets/articleshow/56180243.cms" target="_blank">The newest version of the J-31</a> -- now renamed the <a class="externalLink" href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/FC-31-Gyrfalcon" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">FC-31 Gyrfalcon</a> -- took to the air for the first time Friday.<br />
The new FC-31 has "better stealth capabilities, improved electronic 
equipment and a larger payload capacity" than the previous version which
 debuted in October 2012.<br />
"Changes were made to the airframe, wings and vertical tails which make 
it leaner, lighter and more manoeuvrable," 
<br />
The fighter is expected to sell for around $70 million, aiming to take market share away from more expensive 
fourth-generation fighters like the Eurofighter Typhoon.<br />
AVIC, the manufactured  has said that the FC-31 will "put an end to some nations' monopolies on the fifth-generation fighter jet".<br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Improved J-31, second type of stealth fighter, successfully completes maiden flight</b></span>
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<img alt="FC-31V2 maiden flight - 23.12.16 - 9.jpg" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="359" src="http://defence.pk/attachments/fc-31v2-maiden-flight-23-12-16-9-jpg.363071/" width="640" /></div>
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<i>Mil.huanqiu.com</i> reports that new version of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang_J-31">J-31</a> (also known as
FC-31) stealth fighter jet conducted its maiden flight in December. 23. <br />
We see in the comparison in the change of the shape of horizontal tail, but
mil.huanqiu.com says that there has also been changes to optimize its
maneuverability, stealth and loading capacity.<br />
It says that according to information provided by the producer, the warplane is
17.3 meters long and 4.8 meters high with a wingspan of 11.5 meters. Its
ceiling is 16,000 meters, has a
maximum takeoff weight of 28 metric tonnes, a flight radius of 1,250 kms and a
top speed of Mach 1.8.<br />
It can carry eight tonnes of weapons. The plane can hold six missiles in its
internal weapons bay and another six under its wings.<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: left;">
</div>
The new <a href="http://idrw.org/china-tests-latest-stealth-fighter-aircraft-fc-31-gyrfalcon-strategically-important-india-pak-shows-interest-jet/#more-120106" target="_blank">FC-31 has state-of-the-art instruments</a> such as helmet-mounted display and sight 
system, active phased array radar,
infrared search and track system,
integrated electro-optical targeting system and a single display-panel cockpit.<br />
If the warplane satisfies the standards published by the producer, it will be
an excellent high cost-effective medium-sized stealth fighter jet with large
range, heavy load of ammunition and multi-function.<br />
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“The aircraft will have bright prospects in the market. Based 
on my experience and knowledge, I presume its price will be around USD 
70 million, about half that of the US’ Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning 
II,” Fu Qianshao, an aircraft expert said. </div>
“Moreover, the fourth-generation, Euro-fighter Typhoon and Dassault 
Rafale fighter jets are priced at about USD 100 million. All of these 
mean you can spend a lot less money to get an advanced, fifth-generation
 stealth combat plane,” Fu said.<br />
<br />
The only fifth-generation fighter jet currently available in the market 
is the US’ F-35 Lightning II, but the US sells it only to allies.<br />
J-31 is the only fighter jet in world market that has no generation gap with
F-35. As it is much cheaper, it will grab a large market share from F-35. <br />
The FC-31 was unveiled in October, 2012, when the first prototype made 
its maiden flight, becoming the country’s second fifth-generation 
fighter jet following the J-20, which conducted its first flight in 
January, 2011.<br />
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<img alt="Test flight of new improved version of J-31" class="size-medium wp-image-26321" data-attachment-id="26321" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="new-j-31" data-large-file="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/new-j-31.png?w=397" data-medium-file="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/new-j-31.png?w=300&h=177" data-orig-file="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/new-j-31.png" data-orig-size="397,234" data-permalink="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.wordpress.com/2016/12/24/maiden-flight-of-new-improved-version-of-chinas-j-31-stealth-fighter/new-j-31/" height="235" src="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/new-j-31.png?w=300&h=177" width="400" /><br />
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<img alt="Test flight of new improved version of J-31" class="size-full wp-image-26322" data-attachment-id="26322" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="test-flight-of-new-j-31-3" data-large-file="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/test-flight-of-new-j-31-3.jpg?w=590?w=226" data-medium-file="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/test-flight-of-new-j-31-3.jpg?w=590?w=226" data-orig-file="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/test-flight-of-new-j-31-3.jpg?w=590" data-orig-size="226,196" data-permalink="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.wordpress.com/2016/12/24/maiden-flight-of-new-improved-version-of-chinas-j-31-stealth-fighter/test-flight-of-new-j-31-3/" height="276" src="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/test-flight-of-new-j-31-3.jpg?w=590" width="320" /><br />
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<img alt="Test flight of new improved version of J-31" class="size-medium wp-image-26323" data-attachment-id="26323" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="test-flight-of-new-j-31-4" data-large-file="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/test-flight-of-new-j-31-4.jpg?w=590" data-medium-file="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/test-flight-of-new-j-31-4.jpg?w=300&h=141" data-orig-file="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/test-flight-of-new-j-31-4.jpg" data-orig-size="1103,517" data-permalink="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.wordpress.com/2016/12/24/maiden-flight-of-new-improved-version-of-chinas-j-31-stealth-fighter/test-flight-of-new-j-31-4/" height="150" src="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/test-flight-of-new-j-31-4.jpg?w=300&h=141" width="320" /><br />
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<img alt="Comparison between old and new versions of J-31" class="size-medium wp-image-26324" data-attachment-id="26324" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="comparison-between-old-and-new-versions" data-large-file="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/comparison-between-old-and-new-versions.jpg?w=590" data-medium-file="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/comparison-between-old-and-new-versions.jpg?w=224&h=300" data-orig-file="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/comparison-between-old-and-new-versions.jpg" data-orig-size="683,916" data-permalink="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.wordpress.com/2016/12/24/maiden-flight-of-new-improved-version-of-chinas-j-31-stealth-fighter/comparison-between-old-and-new-versions/" height="400" src="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/comparison-between-old-and-new-versions.jpg?w=224&h=300" width="297" /><br />
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<img alt="Comparison between old and new versions of J-31" class="size-medium wp-image-26325" data-attachment-id="26325" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="comparison-between-old-and-new-versions-2" data-large-file="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/comparison-between-old-and-new-versions-2.jpg?w=590" data-medium-file="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/comparison-between-old-and-new-versions-2.jpg?w=300&h=102" data-orig-file="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/comparison-between-old-and-new-versions-2.jpg" data-orig-size="1016,345" data-permalink="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.wordpress.com/2016/12/24/maiden-flight-of-new-improved-version-of-chinas-j-31-stealth-fighter/comparison-between-old-and-new-versions-2/" height="135" src="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/comparison-between-old-and-new-versions-2.jpg?w=300&h=102" width="400" /><br />
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<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="http://i.ndtvimg.com/i/2016-12/china-plane_650x400_81482740960.jpg" height="392" src="http://i.ndtvimg.com/i/2016-12/china-plane_650x400_81482740960.jpg" width="640" /><br />
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<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="http://www.airforceworld.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/j31-fighter-jet-china-rd93-smoke-1.jpg" height="382" src="http://www.airforceworld.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/j31-fighter-jet-china-rd93-smoke-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /><br />
J-31<br />
<br /></div>

Maiden Flight of New Improved Version of J-31 Stealth Fighter

The newest version of the J-31 -- now renamed the FC-31 Gyrfalcon -- took to the air for the first time Friday. The new FC-31 has "better stealth capabilities, improved electronic equipment and a la…

Did 'impossible' EmDrive engine really work?

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlNxORwIwYYR4LK24QUz5mPlcd5fvBvn4WonHP5ct-OYIi7xTcpMlLyTJ7yxEV9r-ZI5ZvUBpPPqIdnMLvbyq8gxm2arWlT_UzWCupevkFiylbcyHjv3TaMfAHhMRKbfg2izZclXzgXN4/s1600/EmDrive.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="412" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlNxORwIwYYR4LK24QUz5mPlcd5fvBvn4WonHP5ct-OYIi7xTcpMlLyTJ7yxEV9r-ZI5ZvUBpPPqIdnMLvbyq8gxm2arWlT_UzWCupevkFiylbcyHjv3TaMfAHhMRKbfg2izZclXzgXN4/s640/EmDrive.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
    <span id="ext-gen156" style="font-size: 1.2em;">EmDrive</span><br />
<br />
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span id="ext-gen157" style="font-size: 1.2em;">Scientists
 in China claim they’ve created a working prototype of the ‘impossible’ 
reactionless engine – and they say they’re already testing it in orbit 
aboard the Tiangong-2 space laboratory.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span id="ext-gen156" style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 radical, fuel-free EmDrive recently stirred up controversy after a 
paper published by a team of NASA researchers appeared to show they’d 
successfully built the technology.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">If the physics-defying concept is brought to reality, it’s said the engine could get humans to Mars in just 10 weeks.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But
 now, scientists with the China Academy of Space Technology claim NASA’s
 results ‘re-confirm’ what they’d already achieved, and have plans to 
implement it in satellites ‘as quickly as possible.’</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mol-style-bold"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
<div class="mol-img">
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<img alt="A fuel-free engine, described as 'impossible' to create, may now be a step closer to reality, according to leaked Nasa documents. Pictured is a prototype of the EMDrive" class="blkBorder img-share b-loaded" height="407" id="i-7ea6d5d6e9fd187d" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/11/07/11/3A25C7B500000578-3912828-A_prototype_of_the_impossible_fuel_free_engine_that_some_say_pow-a-2_1478518237773.jpg" style="display: block;" width="634" /><br />
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<div class="imageCaption">
A fuel-free engine, described as 
'impossible' to create, may now be a step closer to reality, according 
to leaked Nasa documents. Pictured is a prototype of the EMDrive</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
 <span style="font-size: 1.2em;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">With
 no fuel to eject, the EmDrive would violate Newton’s third law, which 
states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">At
 a press conference in Beijing, however, researchers with Cast confirmed
 the government has been funding research into the technology since 
2010, and claimed they’ve developed a device that’s already being tested
 in low-Earth orbit, <a class="" href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/emdrive-chinese-space-agency-put-controversial-tech-onto-satellites-soon-possible-1596328" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">IBTimes UK</a> reports.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">It comes just a month after anonymous sources told IBTimes UK that tests on the EmDrive were underway aboard Tiangong-2.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘National
 research institutions in recent years have carried out a series of 
long-term, repeated tests on the EmDrive,’ Dr Chen Yue, head of the 
communication satellite division at Cast said at the press conference, 
IBTimes UK reports.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘NASA’s
 published test results can be said to re-confirm the technology. We 
have successfully developed several specifications of multiple prototype
 principles.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘The
 establishment of an experimental verification platform to complete the 
milli-level micro thrust measurement test, as well as several years of 
repeated experiments and investigations into corresponding interference 
factors, confirm that in this type of thruster, thrust exists.’</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Cast
 is a subsidiary of the Chinese Aerospace Science and Technology 
Corporation (CASC) and the manufacturer of Dong Fang Hong satellites.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font" id="ext-gen158">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">According
 to Li Feng, chief designer of Cast’s communication satellite division, 
the team has built a prototype that so far generates just a few 
millinewtons of thrust, IBTimes UK reports.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<br />
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span id="ext-gen159" style="font-size: 1.2em;">For it to work on a satellite, they will need to bring the levels up to something between .1-1 Newtons.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">This
 means they will have to improve the cavity design to reduce electrical 
losses, and develop a solution for the placement of the microwave 
thruster on the satellite itself.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘This
 technology is currently in the latter stages of the proof-of-principle 
phase, with the goal of making the technology available in satellite 
engineering as quickly as possible,’ Li Feng said at the conference, 
IBTimes reports.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘Although it is difficult to do this, we have the confidence that we will succeed.’<span class="mol-style-bold"> </span> </span></div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
<div class="mol-img">
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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Following the official publication of the NASA research last month, many have dismissed the results as an experimental error.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">This
 includes advanced propulsions systems expert Brice Cassenti, who  says 
there is likely a ‘mundane explanation’ behind the findings.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But,
 while the expert argues that there’s a ‘slim’ probability that the 
results will hold up in further investigation, he also notes that ‘it’s 
not zero.’</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 violations seen in the EmDrive concept would ‘invalidate much of the 
basis for all of physics as we know it,’ Cassenti, an engineering 
professor at the University of Connecticut, told <a class="" href="http://today.uconn.edu/2016/12/the-em-drive-science-fact-or-science-fiction/" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">UConn Today</a>.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The paper, now published in the AIAA’s <a class="" href="http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/1.B36120" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">Journal of Propulsion and Power</a>, describes a series of successful tests carried out by scientists at NASA’s Eagleworks Laboratories.<span style="font-size: 1.2em;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Its
 publication means it has been reviewed by scientists independent to the
 study, adding to its credibility – but, this does not necessarily mean 
that the results are valid.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">As
 there is no ‘plausible proven physical explanation’ for the findings as
 of yet, either experimentally or theoretically, the expert says the 
results may boil down to an experimental error.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘I personally believe that there is a mundane explanation for the results,’ Cassenti said.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘For
 example, electric currents are heating components within the Drive that
 expand during the experiments, causing motion that would appear as a 
force.</span></div>
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The
 technology has been dubbed the 'warp drive' for its similarity to the 
fictional propulsion system seen  in the Star Trek series</div>
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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘It
 is very difficult to remove such effects, although the authors of the 
journal article tried to remove not only these thermal effects but also 
many other possible sources for experimental errors.’</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">According
 to Cassenti, it’s extremely difficult to be certain that all sources of
 error have been eliminated, and this can only be proven through 
independent tests of the hypothesis.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">If the EmDrive results do turn out to be valid, the achievement ‘points to new physics.’</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">And
 while there have been circumstances where Newton’s laws have been found
 not to apply at high speeds, as in large gravitational fields and with 
tiny molecules, the researcher note that ‘Newton is still mostly right.’</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
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<img alt="If the physics-defying concept is brought to reality, it’s said the engine could get humans to Mars in just 10 weeks" class="blkBorder img-share b-loaded" height="591" id="i-64d445e093079302" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/12/20/17/0324207C000003E8-4052580-image-m-16_1482256560015.jpg" style="display: block;" width="634" /><br />
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If the physics-defying concept is brought to reality, it’s said the engine could get humans to Mars in just 10 weeks</div>
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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘Over
 my professional life, I have seen several of these exciting 
experimental or theoretical results reported in peer-reviewed 
literature,’ Cassenti said.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘So far only the reality of black holes has come through. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'So,
 based on my experience, the probability of this holding up under 
further analysis and testing appears slim. But it’s not zero.’  </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mol-style-bold"></span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Essentially,
 the EmDrive generates thrust by harnessing particles of light and 
bouncing microwaves around inside a closed chamber, shaped like a cone.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The movement generates thrust at the slim end of the cone, which drives the engine forward. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
In the new study, which tested if the device could operate in a vacuum, the researchers found that 't<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">hrust
 data from forward, reverse, and null suggested that the system was 
consistently performing at 1.2±0.1 mN/kW1.2±0.1 mN/kW, which was very 
close to the average impulsive performance measured in air.'</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The 
supporting physics model for these conditions, according to the 
researchers, could be a 'nonlocal hidden-variable theory, or pilot-wave 
theory for short' - an interpretation of quantum mechanics. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Many
 have taken interest in the findings, including one physicist who has 
claimed that there ‘may really be something’ in the findings – but, the 
cause might be something entirely different than what’s been proposed.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Rather
 than the quantum vacuum theory which was initially cited in the leaked 
version to explain the findings, a phenomenon known as the ‘Mach effect’
 could be to blame, according to <a class="" href="http://motherboard.vice.com/read/the-fact-and-fiction-of-the-nasa-emdrive-paper-leak" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">Motherboard</a>.<span class="mol-style-bold"> </span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">By
 this effect, which Woodward first theorized in the 1990s, some of the 
force applied to an accelerating body of mass is stored as potential 
energy in its body rather than generating kinetic energy, according to 
Motherboard.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">This
 causes fluctuations in the object’s resting mass, and this effect could
 be harnessed to create the type of thrust seen in the experiments. <i>Popular Science </i></span><span style="font-size: 1.2em;"></span></div>
<br />
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<b>Read more:</b>
  <br />
<ul>
<li><a class="js-tl" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7kgKijo-p0ibm94VUY0TVktQlU/view" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Q-Thruster In-Vacuum Fall 2015 Test Report.pdf - Google Drive</a></li>
<li><a class="js-tl" href="http://www.sciencealert.com/leaked-nasa-paper-shows-the-impossible-em-drive-really-does-work" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Leaked NASA paper shows the 'impossible' EM Drive really does work - ScienceAlert</a></li>
<li><a class="js-tl" href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/emdrive-leaked-nasa-paper-reveals-star-trek-microwave-thruster-does-work-1590244" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">EmDrive: Leaked Nasa peer review paper replicates Roger Shawyer's 2006 results</a></li>
<li><a class="js-tl" href="http://www.nextbigfuture.com/2016/11/new-nasa-emdrive-paper-shows-force-of.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Next
 Big Future: New NASA Emdrive paper shows force of 1.2 millinewtons per 
kilowatt in a Vacuum and a low thrust pendulum and tests were at 40, 60 
and 80 watts</a></li>
<li><a class="js-tl" href="http://motherboard.vice.com/read/the-fact-and-fiction-of-the-nasa-emdrive-paper-leak" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The Fact and Fiction of the NASA EmDrive Paper Leak | Motherboard</a></li>
<li><a class="js-tl" href="http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/1.B36120" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Measurement of Impulsive Thrust from a Closed Radio-Frequency Cavity in Vacuum (AIAA)</a></li>
<li><a class="js-tl" href="http://today.uconn.edu/2016/12/the-em-drive-science-fact-or-science-fiction/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">To Mars in 70 Days. Science Fiction or Fact? - UConn Today</a></li>
<li id="ext-gen162"><a class="js-tl" href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/emdrive-chinese-space-agency-put-controversial-tech-onto-satellites-soon-possible-1596328" id="ext-gen161" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">EmDrive: Chinese space agency to put controversial microwave thruster onto satellites 'as soon as possible'</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
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Did 'impossible' EmDrive engine really work?

EmDrive Scientists in China claim they’ve created a working prototype of the ‘impossible’ reactionless engine – and they say they’re already testing it in orbit aboard the Tiangong-2 space lab…

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