Errymath

Z-19E Helicopter Details

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<b>Z-19E (Export Version) </b><br />
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Service ceiling no less than 6 km, has been tested for high altitude service ceiling 8830.</div>
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Z-19E Helicopter Details

Z-19E (Export Version) Service ceiling no less than 6 km, has been tested for high altitude service ceiling 8830. Boeing: Lig…

How to Kill A Stealth Fighter

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_u_wkDrj-TlbsEoqIKKQFyfZk_elrF6TZbFuGOgIuINyGqi9ukWdG8CtZB1SStKqmFrtW9MCzXvIAPjyl0aBNfGm-UzZSlMrA90exOA7OiJTLO0d1EX4cSHrtcrkm77TiIqYLEAtb8JQ/s1600/F-35C+conducts+flight+test+operations+aboard+USS+Dwight+D.+Eisenhower+in+October+2015.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_u_wkDrj-TlbsEoqIKKQFyfZk_elrF6TZbFuGOgIuINyGqi9ukWdG8CtZB1SStKqmFrtW9MCzXvIAPjyl0aBNfGm-UzZSlMrA90exOA7OiJTLO0d1EX4cSHrtcrkm77TiIqYLEAtb8JQ/s640/F-35C+conducts+flight+test+operations+aboard+USS+Dwight+D.+Eisenhower+in+October+2015.jpg" width="640" /></a>F-35C conducts flight test operations aboard USS <i>Dwight D. Eisenhower</i> in October 2015. U.S. Navy photo</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b>It all comes down to radar ... and a big enough missile.</b></span><b> </b></div>
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The United States has poured
 tens of billions of dollars into developing fifth-generation stealth 
fighters such as the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor and F-35 Joint Strike 
Fighter. However, relatively simple signal processing enhancements, 
combined with a missile with a large warhead and its own terminal 
guidance system, could potentially allow low-frequency radars and such 
weapons systems to target and fire on the latest generation U.S. 
aircraft.<br />
<br />
It is a well-known fact within Pentagon and industry circles that <a href="http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/look-out-america-china-can-un-stealth-us-fighter-jets-15293">low-frequency radars</a> operating in the<a href="http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/revealed-can-chinas-radars-track-americas-stealth-f-22-15261"> VHF and UHF bands can detect and track low-observable aircraft.</a>
 It has generally been held that such radars can’t guide a missile onto a
 target — i.e. generate a “weapons quality” track. But that is not 
exactly correct — there are ways to get around the problem, according to
 some experts.<br />
  <br />
Traditionally, guiding weapons with low frequency radars has been 
limited by two factors. One factor is the width of the radar beam, while
 the second is the width of the radar pulse — but both limitations can 
be overcome with signal processing.<br />
The width of the beam is directly related to the design of the 
antenna — which is necessarily large because of the low frequencies 
involved. Early low-frequency radars like the Soviet-built P-14 Tall 
King VHF-band radars was enormous in size and used a semi-parabolic 
shape to limit the width of the beam. Later radars like the P-18 Spoon 
Rest used a Yagi-Uda array — which were lighter and somewhat smaller.<br />
<br />
But these early low frequency radars had some serious limitations in 
determining the range and the precise direction of a contact. 
Furthermore, they could not determine altitude because the radar beams 
produced by these systems are several degrees wide in azimuth and tens 
of degrees wide in elevation.<br />
Another traditional limitation of VHF and UHF-band radars is that 
their pulse width is long and they have a low pulse repetition frequency
 [PRF] — which means such systems are poor at accurately determining 
range.<br />
<br />
<h6>
<a href="http://cdn.warisboring.com/images/20160224035655/2331074.jpg"><img alt="An F-35B Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter, Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 121, 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing, performs a conventional take-off at the Strategic Expeditionary Landing Field during Exercise Steel Knight 2016 aboard the Combat Center, Dec. 11, 2015. This year’s iteration of Exercise Steel Knight works to advance 1st Marine Division’s warfighting capabilities, to include interoperability between the ground and air forces and integration of the F-35B. (Official Marine Corps photo by Lance Cpl. Levi Schultz/Released)" class="size-full wp-image-12408" height="426" src="http://cdn.warisboring.com/images/20160224035655/2331074.jpg" width="640" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">F-35B takes off in December 2015. U.S. Marine Corps photo. </span></span></h6>
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As Mike Pietrucha, a former Air Force an electronic warfare officer 
who flew on the McDonnell Douglas F-4G Wild Weasel and Boeing F-15E 
Strike Eagle once described to me, a pulse width of 20 microseconds 
yields a pulse that is roughly 19,600 feet long — range resolution is 
half the length of that pulse.  That means that range can’t be 
determined accurately within 10,000 feet. Furthermore, two targets near 
one another can’t be distinguished as separate contacts.<br />
<br />
Signal processing partially solved the range resolution problem as 
early as in the 1970s. The key is a process called frequency modulation 
on pulse, which is used to compress a radar pulse.<br />
The advantage of using pulse compression is that with a 
20-microsecond pulse, the range resolution is reduced to about 180 feet 
or so. There are also several other techniques that can be used to 
compress a radar pulse such as phase shift keying. Indeed, according to 
Pietrucha, the technology for pulse compression is decades old and was 
taught to Air Force electronic warfare officers during the 1980s.<br />
<br />
The computer processing power required for this is negligible by current standards, Pietrucha said.<br />
Engineers solved the problem of directional or azimuth resolution by 
using phased array radar designs, which dispensed with the need for a 
parabolic array. Unlike older mechanically scanned arrays, phased array 
radars steer their radar beams electronically. Such radars can generate 
multiple beams and can shape those beams for width, sweep rate and other
 characteristics.<br />
  <br />
The
 necessary computing power to accomplish that task was available in the 
late 1970s for what eventually became the Navy’s Aegis combat system 
found on the <i>Ticonderoga</i>-class cruisers and <i>Arleigh Burke</i>-class destroyers. An active electronically scanned array is better still, being even more precise.<br />
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<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-lang="en">
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The secret to "killing" an F-35 strike fighter: <a href="https://t.co/I7XTqAxq2Z">https://t.co/I7XTqAxq2Z</a> <a href="https://t.co/JiyTs00oI9">pic.twitter.com/JiyTs00oI9</a></div>
— National Interest (@TheNatlInterest) <a href="https://twitter.com/TheNatlInterest/status/702773828494168064">February 25, 2016</a></blockquote>
<script async="" charset="utf-8" src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script>
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With a missile warhead large enough, the range resolution does not 
have to be precise. For example, the now antiquated S-75 Dvina — known 
in NATO parlance as the SA-2 Guideline — has a 440-pound warhead with a 
lethal radius of more than 100 feet. Thus, a notional 20-microsecond 
compressed pulse with a range resolution of 150 feet should have the 
range resolution to get the warhead close enough — according to 
Pietrucha’s theory.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1846030625/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=1846030625&linkCode=as2&tag=waisbo-20&linkId=32SMSXFON67QMWDG" rel="nofollow"><img alt="" border="0" class="alignright" height="320" src="http://ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&ASIN=1846030625&Format=_SL250_&ID=AsinImage&MarketPlace=US&ServiceVersion=20070822&WS=1&tag=waisbo-20" width="237" /></a> <br />
<br />
The directional and elevation resolution would have to be similar 
with an angular resolution of roughly 0.3 degrees for a target at 
30 nautical miles because the launching radar is the only system guiding
 the SA-2. For example, a missile equipped with its own sensor — perhaps
 an infrared sensor with a scan volume of a cubic kilometer — would be 
an even more dangerous foe against an F-22 or F-35.<br />
<i><i><span class="legend-default">Dave Majumdar</span>.</i> The defense editor for the National Interest. </i><br />
<i>You can follow him on Twitter: @davemajumdar</i></div>
<br /></div>

How to Kill A Stealth Fighter

F-35C conducts flight test operations aboard USS Dwight D. Eisenhower in October 2015. U.S. Navy photo It all comes down to radar ... and a big enough missile. The United States has poured tens of …

Conspiracy theorists claim to have spotted an 'interstellar mothership' near Jupiter's moon Europa

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<span id="ext-gen134" style="font-size: 1.2em;">An
 enormous alien structure was, they claim  seen moving in the direction 
of Jupiter’s moon Europa which, according to some, resembles an 
‘interstellar mothership’ or ‘an intergalactic cruiser’.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 image was taken by a Canon 650D camera with a 7D-300mm telescopic lens 
mounted on a tripod in someone’s backyard garden last week.<span class="mol-style-bold"> </span></span></div>
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<img alt="An enormous alien structure was seen moving in the direction of Jupiter’s moon Europa which, according to some, resembles an ‘interstellar mothership’ or ‘an intergalactic cruiser’. The image was taken by a Canon 650D camera with a 7D-300mm telescopic lens mounted on a tripod in someone’s backyard garden" class="blkBorder img-share" height="396" id="i-7e77411535a71dbe" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/02/23/20/317C42AF00000578-3460903-image-a-33_1456259943684.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-1">
  
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An enormous alien structure was seen 
moving in the direction of Jupiter’s moon Europa which, according to 
some, resembles an ‘interstellar mothership’ or ‘an intergalactic 
cruiser’. The image was taken by a Canon 650D camera with a 7D-300mm 
telescopic lens mounted on a tripod in someone’s backyard garden</div>
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<div class="art-ins mol-factbox floatRHS sciencetech">
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘Jupiter has long been shrouded in mystery along with its moon and particularly that of Europa,’ says UFO researcher from <a class="" href="https://twitter.com/SecureTeam10/status/700877111825866752" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">SecureTeam</a>, Tyler, in a YouTube video – who does not give his full name.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘There
 has been a lot of scientific talk about alien life likely existing in 
the vast oceans that currently exists under its icy surface.’</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The video was sent to SecureTeam from Louis Read, a Martian researcher from the city of Bristol in the UK.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 image shows Jupiter glowing on the left and a strange anomaly shining 
brightly to the right of it, which they suggest is approaching Europa.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Tyler notes that the UFO comes very close to Europa and nothing like this has ever been seen in our solar system – until now.</span></div>
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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘We definitely have a reflective UFO up there caught on camera,’ he says.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">SecureTeam
 is very excited about this ‘amazing find’ because they say there is no 
doubt that the glowing orbit is a structure and could actually be 
multiple structures put together.</span></div>
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<img alt="The video was sent to SecureTeam from Louis Read, a Martian researcher from the city of Bristol in the UK. The image shows Jupiter glowing on the left and a strange anomaly shining brightly to the right of it, which they suggest is approaching Europa" class="blkBorder img-share" height="396" id="i-d57a3a9efb18416a" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/02/23/20/317C30EF00000578-3460903-image-a-34_1456260011935.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-2">
  
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The video was sent to SecureTeam from 
Louis Read, a Martian researcher from the city of Bristol in the UK. The
 image shows Jupiter glowing on the left and a strange anomaly shining 
brightly to the right of it, which they suggest is approaching Europa</div>
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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘One
 thing for sure is that this definitely doesn’t belong there and it 
wouldn’t surprise me in the least if this was some sort of alien craft,’
 says Tyler.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">SecureTeam
 has expressed their belief about life on fifth planet and believe the 
icy world of Europa is also on the top of Nasa scientists’ list for next
 exploration mission.</span></div>
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SecureTeam has 
expressed their belief about life on fifth planet and believe the icy 
world of Europa is also on the top of Nasa scientists’ list for next 
exploration mission. As SecureTeam notes, the moon will likely be the 
next mission for the American space agency</div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">As SecureTeam notes, the moon will likely be the next mission for the American space agency.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘Europa
 will likely be one of Nasa’s next missions where we send a probe and 
hopefully it will be a manned mission where we can land on the surface 
and rill down into the ice’, Tyler said.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘Get a camera down there and checkout what’s down there in the ocean underneath.’</span></div>
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<img alt="SecureTeam is very excited about this ‘amazing find’ because they say there is no doubt that the glowing orbit is a structure and could actually be multiple structures put together. ‘One thing for sure is that this definitely doesn’t belong there and it wouldn’t surprise me in the least if this was some sort of alien craft,’ says Tyler" class="blkBorder img-share" height="618" id="i-eb29e1ed6b19e388" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/02/23/20/317C115A00000578-3460903-image-a-35_1456260017265.jpg" width="634" /></div>
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SecureTeam is very excited about this 
‘amazing find’ because they say there is no doubt that the glowing orbit
 is a structure and could actually be multiple structures put 
together. ‘One thing for sure is that this definitely doesn’t belong 
there and it wouldn’t surprise me in the least if this was some sort of 
alien craft,’ says Tyler</div>
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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Although
 Read and SecureTeam are convinced the reflective light is an alien 
spacecraft, others are not on-board, as many commentators have 
questioned if the reflecting light is the planet Saturn or a cluster of 
Jupiter’s moons.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Others
 suggest it might be Juno, a Nasa spacecraft released in August 2011 to 
help scientist learn more about Jupiter and is set to arrive at the 
planet this summer.</span></div>
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<img alt="‘Europa will likely be one of Nasa’s next missions where we send a probe and hopefully it will be a manned mission where we can land on the surface and rill down into the ice’, Tyler said. ‘Get a camera down there and checkout what’s down there in the ocean underneath'" class="blkBorder img-share" height="504" id="i-4c5771f25acb6539" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/02/23/20/317C093900000578-3460903-image-a-39_1456261034644.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-5">
  
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‘Europa will likely be one of Nasa’s 
next missions where we send a probe and hopefully it will be a manned 
mission where we can land on the surface and rill down into the ice’, 
Tyler said. ‘Get a camera down there and checkout what’s down there in 
the ocean underneath'</div>
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<img alt="But regardless of SecureTeam’s enthusiasm for Nasa to explore Europa (pcitured), Nasa seems to have their full attention on Mars. Right now, the Curiosity Rover is rolling around the red planet searching signs of life, conducting experiments and sending back thousands of pictures of the dusty wasteland" class="blkBorder img-share" height="634" id="i-407b016c2dd48432" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/02/23/20/317C092E00000578-3460903-image-a-38_1456260034581.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-6">
  
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But regardless of SecureTeam’s 
enthusiasm for Nasa to explore Europa (pcitured), Nasa seems to have 
their full attention on Mars. Right now, the Curiosity Rover is rolling 
around the red planet searching signs of life, conducting experiments 
and sending back thousands of pictures of the dusty wasteland</div>
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<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But regardless of SecureTeam’s enthusiasm for Nasa to explore the icy moon, Nasa seems to have their full attention on Mars.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Right
 now, the Curiosity Rover is rolling around the red planet searching 
signs of life, conducting experiments and sending back thousands of 
pictures of the dusty wasteland.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">So by the time Nasa does send a manned mission to Jupiter, the alien spacecraft could be long gone.</span></div>
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<div class="item" data-track-module="am-external-links^external-links" id="external-source-links">
  <span>Read more:</span>
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<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><a class="js-tl" href="https://twitter.com/SecureTeam10/status/700877111825866752" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Secure
 Team on Twitter: "Same object spotted near Jupiter from different 
source who just sent in this image, along with the original. 
https://t.co/bjEKKXtIhK"</a></li>
</ul>
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<b>Mysterious Numeric Symbol Found on Both the Moon and Mars
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Conspiracy theorists claim to have spotted an 'interstellar mothership' near Jupiter's moon Europa

An enormous alien structure was, they claim seen moving in the direction of Jupiter’s moon Europa which, according to some, resembles an ‘interstellar mothership’ or ‘an intergalactic cruiser’. T…

Rise of the machines: Super-agile cyborg takes first steps to global domination

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The newest version of the 5ft 9in (175cm), two-legged cyborg is shown 
navigating snow-covered terrain, lifting 10lb (4.5kg) boxes with ease, 
and resisting a human’s attempt to knock it over.<br />
Engineers are also seen taunting and teasing Atlas by repeatedly 
knocking one of the boxes out of its hands with a hockey stick, which 
could backfire later if the robot develops revenge programming. <i>rt</i><br />
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<img alt="None animated GIF" class="gif" data-absolute_url="/gifs/dSHXe2w2CtrKU" data-animated="https://media.giphy.com/media/dSHXe2w2CtrKU/giphy.gif" data-height="270" data-mp4_url="https://media.giphy.com/media/dSHXe2w2CtrKU/giphy.mp4" data-still="https://media.giphy.com/media/dSHXe2w2CtrKU/200_s.gif" data-width="480" id="gif" src="https://media.giphy.com/media/dSHXe2w2CtrKU/giphy.gif" style="height: 388.125px; left: 0px; top: -1px; width: 690px;" /><br />
<br />
<i>“It uses sensors in its body and legs to balance and LIDAR and 
stereo sensors in its head to avoid obstacles, assess the terrain, help 
with navigation and manipulate objects,”</i> Boston Dynamics said about the 180lb (82 kg) machine.<br />
<i>The video ends with the robot opening a door and exiting the building, presumably to go plot the fall of mankind. </i><br />
<br />
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<img alt="None animated GIF" class="gif" data-absolute_url="/gifs/6aGPsI1szGapG" data-animated="https://media.giphy.com/media/6aGPsI1szGapG/giphy.gif" data-height="270" data-mp4_url="https://media.giphy.com/media/6aGPsI1szGapG/giphy.mp4" data-still="https://media.giphy.com/media/6aGPsI1szGapG/200_s.gif" data-width="480" height="360" id="gif" src="https://media.giphy.com/media/6aGPsI1szGapG/giphy.gif" style="left: 0px; top: 0px;" width="640" /><br />
<br />
Humanoid robot Atlas, a possible breakthrough for the cyborg takeover of Earth. <i>dailygrail</i><br />
<br />
<br />
<img alt="© Boston Dynamics" class="media__item " src="https://cdn.rt.com/files/2016.02/original/56cdd858c46188ed378b45a2.jpg" /><br />
In recent years the name Boston Dynamics has become synonymous with 
next-level robotics.<br />
The robotics company has released a number of 
amazing videos showing off their creations.<br />
<br />
<br />
Boston Dynamics have now released some footage of the new-and-improved 
model of their humanoid Atlas robot - one that can open doors, lift and 
place objects, recover from being pushed, and even stand back up after 
being knocked over. And those same emotions are bound to resurface, 
swinging from sympathy when Atlas is being pushed around, to trepidation
 when it gets pushed to the ground and manages to stand itself back 
up...remind me again where we've seen a robot keep getting up after 
being knocked down?<br />
<br />
A new version of Atlas, designed to operate outdoors and inside 
buildings. It is specialized for mobile manipulation. It is electrically
 powered and hydraulically actuated. It uses sensors in its body and 
legs to balance and LIDAR and stereo sensors in its head to avoid 
obstacles, assess the terrain, help with navigation and manipulate 
objects.<br />
This version of Atlas is about 5' 9" tall (about a head shorter
 than the DRC Atlas) and weighs 180 lbs.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Boston Dynamics Create New Humanoid Robot, Then Bully It to Guarantee Our Future Doom</b>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="460" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rVlhMGQgDkY" width="660"></iframe>

<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Big Dog </b><br />
Earlier this month, the company showed off their four-legged robot, 
Spot, and, again, staff were shown repeatedly kicking their creation as 
it slowly built up a resentment for humans.
<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="460" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/M8YjvHYbZ9w" width="660"></iframe>

Rise of the machines: Super-agile cyborg takes first steps to global domination

The newest version of the 5ft 9in (175cm), two-legged cyborg is shown navigating snow-covered terrain, lifting 10lb (4.5kg) boxes with ease, and resisting a human’s attempt to knock it over. Engine…

'Star Wars' Rail gun weapon could be used on a new Zumwalt stealth warship

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      The rail gun can fire a shell weighing 10kg at up to 5,400mph over 100 miles<br />
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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span id="ext-gen176" style="font-size: 1.2em;">A radical new weapon that can fire a shell at seven times the speed of sound could be used by the Navy as soon as 2018.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span id="ext-gen174" style="font-size: 1.2em;">Described
 as 'Star Wars technology' by researchers, the rail gun can fire a shell
 weighing 10kg at up to 5,400mph over 100 miles. It does this with such 
force and accuracy it penetrates three concrete walls or six half-inch 
thick steel plates.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Development
 of a futuristic weapon  is going well enough that a Navy admiral wants 
to skip an at-sea prototype in favor of installing an operational unit 
aboard one of its new Zumwalt-class destroyers.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Electromagnetic
 launchers were one of the areas researched by Ronald Reagan's Strategic
 Defence Initiative, nicknamed 'Star Wars' after the science fiction 
film franchise. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Rail
 guns use electricity instead of gunpowder to accelerate a projectile at
 six or seven times the speed of sound — creating enough kinetic energy 
to destroy targets.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">It's
 technology that holds the possibility of providing an effective weapon 
at pennies on the dollars compared to smart bombs and missiles.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Admiral
 Pete Fanta, the Navy's director of surface warfare, has floated the 
idea of foregoing the current plan to put a prototype on another vessel 
this year and instead put it directly on future USS Lyndon B. Johnson - 
though no final decision has been made.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'The
 Zumwalt-class is one of a number of options being explored for the 
electromagnetic railgun,' said Lt. Cmdr. Hayley Sims, a Navy 
spokeswoman. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'Due to the size, weight and power requirements, some platforms will be better suited for the technology than others.' </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Using
 an electromagnetic force known as the Lorenz Force, the gun accelerates
 a projectile between two rails that conduct electricity, before 
launching it at ferocious speed. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">This means the railgun can fire further than conventional guns and maintain enough kinetic energy to inflict tremendous damage.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Railguns were first conceived of nearly a century ago and patented by French inventor Louis Octave Fauchon-Villeplee. </span></div>
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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Nazi Germany took up the research during the Second World War to adapt its anti-aircraft guns.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">There
 has been talk since the inception of the Zumwalt program that the 
massive destroyers would be a likely candidate for the weapon because of
 its power plant. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The USS Johnson will be the third and final destroyer in the Zumwalt class.</span></div>
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Development of a futuristic weapon is 
going well enough that a Navy admiral wants to skip an at-sea prototype 
in favor of installing an operational unit aboard one of its new 
Zumwalt-class destroyers. Pictured is one of two electromagnetic railgun
 prototypes on display aboard joint high speed vessel USS Millinocket 
(JHSV 3) in port at Naval Base San Diego in 2014</div>
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Rear Admiral Matthew Klunder, head of US
 Naval Research, said the futuristic electromagnetic railgun – so called
 because it fires from two parallel rails – had already undergone 
extensive testing on land </div>
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The weapon uses speed rather than explosives to destroy its target</div>
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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 600-foot-long warship uses marine turbines similar to those that propel
 the Boeing 777 to help produce up to 78 megawatts of electricity for 
use in propulsion, weapons and sensors. That's more than enough power 
for the railgun.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">If
 it's placed on the warship, the system could replace one of the forward
 turrets housing a 155mm gun that fires rocket-propelled projectiles.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">For now, however, the official plan remains for the railgun prototype to be tested aboard a joint high speed vessel this year. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But there are concerns that the plan may be pushed back into 2017, and Fanta suggested skipping it altogether.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 railgun, along with laser weaponry, are two futuristic technologies 
that Fanta said have evolved from being a matter of scientific research 
to one of practical engineering.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 Navy is interested in those weapons — along with smart munitions that 
can improve existing naval guns — because of their low cost as well as 
lethality.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'The
 Navy is determined to increase the offensive punch of the surface 
warships,' said Loren Thompson, a defense analyst at the Lexington 
Institute. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'To do that with a limited budget, it needs to look at everything from smart munitions to railguns to lasers.'</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The railgun discussion isn't widely known inside the shipyard, where the Zumwalt-calls destroyers are being built. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Bath Iron Works, a subsidiary of General Dynamics, had no comment.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Shipbuilder
 Charles Davis said there was talk of a railgun when the yard began work
 on the first ship in the class, but he said there's been no discussion 
since then.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'They've been pretty tight-lipped about it,' he said. </span></div>
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There has been 
talk since the inception of the Zumwalt program that the massive 
destroyers (pictured) would be a likely candidate for the weapon because
 of its power plant. The USS Johnson will be the third and final 
destroyer in the Zumwalt class</div>
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Railguns use electricity instead of 
gunpowder to accelerate a projectile at six or seven times the speed of 
sound — creating enough kinetic energy to destroy targets. It's 
technology that holds the possibility of providing an effective weapon 
at pennies on the dollars compared to smart bombs and missiles</div>
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<img alt="Described as 'Star Wars technology' by researchers for its incredible range, the rail gun can fire further than conventional guns and maintain enough kinetic energy to inflict tremendous damage. Pictured is the Death Star from Star Wars" class="blkBorder img-share" height="491" id="i-57b828691a86f13e" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/02/15/16/313D1F2400000578-3448057-image-a-30_1455553825281.jpg" width="962" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-7">
  
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Described as 'Star 
Wars technology' by researchers for its incredible range, the rail gun 
can fire further than conventional guns and maintain enough kinetic 
energy to inflict tremendous damage. Pictured is the Death Star from 
Star Wars</div>
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'Star Wars' Rail gun weapon could be used on a new Zumwalt stealth warship

The rail gun can fire a shell weighing 10kg at up to 5,400mph over 100 miles A radical new weapon that can fire a shell at seven times the speed of sound could be used by the Navy as soon as 20…

The world's cheapest smartphone: $3.66 Freedom 251 4inch Android handset revealed in India

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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span id="ext-gen179" style="font-size: 1.2em;">A little-known Indian company has launched the world's cheapest smartphone.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The Freedom 251 is believed to be the  cheapest in the world, targeting a market already dominated by low-cost handsets.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">It costs just 251 rupees, around $3.66, less than one percent of the price of the latest Apple iPhone.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mol-style-bold"><img alt="freedom251" class="img-responsive" src="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/fdmimages/img_freedom251.jpg" /> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mol-style-bold"><img alt="freedom" class="img-responsive" src="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/fdmimages/img_freedom2.jpg" /> </span></span></div>
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<img alt="The Freedom 251 is believed to be the cheapest in the world, targeting a market already dominated by low-cost handsets. It costs just 251 rupees, around $3.66, less than one percent of the price of the latest Apple iPhone. " class="blkBorder img-share" height="458" id="i-ff59fc17b9459773" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/02/17/19/3151E5BD00000578-0-image-a-1_1455737226113.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-1">
  
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The Freedom 251 is believed to be the 
cheapest in the world, targeting a market already dominated by low-cost 
handsets. It costs just 251 rupees, around $3.66, less than one percent 
of the price of the latest Apple iPhone. </div>
</div>
<div class="art-ins mol-factbox sciencetech floatRHS">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The device is the latest release from Ringing Bells, a company based in Noida, India. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Its
 mission is 'to provide futuristic technology products of the highest 
quality and best service at the lowest cost of ownership,' according to 
the company's website.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Ringing
 Bells was set up in September 2015 and began selling mobile phones via 
its website a few weeks ago under its Bell brand, a spokeswoman said. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'This is our flagship model and we think it will bring a revolution in the industry,' she told AFP.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Speaking
 at the launch, MP Murli Manohar Joshi praised the phone, and talked 
about the importance, not just of increased digital penetration in 
India, but also of making products in India. 'Unless India innovates and
 makes something new, it cannot progress,' he said according to <a class="" href="http://gadgets.ndtv.com/mobiles/news/freedom-251-officially-launched-no-government-involvement-confirms-company-803689" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">NDTV</a>.</span></div>
<div>
<div class="related-carousel with-fb sciencetech" data-track-module="am-related_carousel^related_carousel" data-track-pos="static" data-track-selector=".rotator-panels a:not([class*=external])" id="p-16">
 </div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'Because
 if technology is expensive then it's useless. You need technology for 
everyone, for fishermen and farmers and students. But technology that is
 cheap should also still be useable, cheap by itself is not enough.' </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Ringing
 Bells currently imports parts from overseas and assembles them in India
 but plans to make its phones domestically within a year, the 
spokeswoman said.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Cheap
 smartphone handsets, many of them Chinese-made, are readily available 
in the Indian market but domestic competitors are making inroads, with 
models selling for less than $20.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Preorders for the Freedom 251 open on February 18 at 6AM and close on February 21 at 8PM from the firm's <a class="" href="http://www.freedom251.com/" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">web </a>site, with 500,000 handsets believed to be available.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">India
 is the world's second-largest mobile market and notched up its 
billionth mobile phone subscriber in October, according to the country's
 telecoms regulator.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But
 in poorer Indian states such as Bihar, 'teledensity' -- the penetration
 of telephone connections for every hundred people -- is as low as 54 
percent, with a stark urban-rural divide. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 handset has a 4' 960x540 IPS display, a 1.3GHz quad-core processor, 1GB
 of RAM, 8GB of internal storage with a MicroSD slot, a 3.2MP camera on 
the back, a 0.3MP one on the front, and a 1450mAh battery. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The phone runs Android 5.1 and has 3G, WiFi, Bluetooth, and GPS.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
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<img alt="Ashok Chadha (2-R), President of Ringing Bells Pvt. Ltd., along with unidentified Ringing Bells official shows the 'Freedom 251' smartphone after its launch in New Delhi." class="blkBorder img-share" height="431" id="i-d6fa36c351084f47" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/02/17/19/3152590B00000578-0-image-a-2_1455737238926.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-2">
  
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<div class="imageCaption">
Ashok Chadha (2-R), President of 
Ringing Bells Pvt. Ltd., along with unidentified Ringing Bells official 
shows the 'Freedom 251' smartphone after its launch in New Delhi.</div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><img alt="freedom" class="img-responsive" src="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/fdmimages/img_freedom.jpg" /> </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
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</div>
<div id="msnau_tracking">

</div>
<div class="item" data-track-module="am-external-links^external-links" id="external-source-links">
  <span>Read more:</span>
  <ul>
<li><a class="js-tl" href="http://gadgets.ndtv.com/mobiles/news/freedom-251-officially-launched-no-government-involvement-confirms-company-803689" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Freedom 251 Officially Launched; No Government Involvement, Confirms Company | NDTV Gadgets360.com</a></li>
<li id="ext-gen180"><a class="js-tl" href="http://www.freedom251.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Freedom 251 india first most affordable smartphone by ringing bells.</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<br /></div>

The world's cheapest smartphone: $3.66 Freedom 251 4inch Android handset revealed in India

A little-known Indian company has launched the world's cheapest smartphone. The Freedom 251 is believed to be the cheapest in the world, targeting a market already dominated by low-cost handsets. It…

The Cat S60 smartphone has underwater camera and thermal imaging camera

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<img alt="By creating an image that highlights temperature differences, the camera shows heat that is invisible to the naked eye. The practical uses are expansive, from detecting heat loss around windows and doors to identifying overheating appliances, or flaws in insulation. And, it can be used to see in total darkness" class="blkBorder img-share" height="961" id="i-584e814ce351b488" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/02/18/20/3159276A00000578-3453530-By_creating_an_image_that_highlights_temperature_differences_the-a-51_1455828472273.jpg" width="634" /><br />
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By creating an image that highlights 
temperature differences, the camera shows heat that is invisible to the 
naked eye. The practical uses are expansive, from detecting heat loss 
around windows and doors to identifying overheating appliances, or flaws
 in insulation. And, it can be used to see in total darkness<br />
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span id="ext-gen48" style="font-size: 1.2em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg49L94wHbTz4DN6HYx7i9K1KuDCKYJKhVW52frFMbRvf9OELLT1LXLC7RcVspdlG7LTKJHcepZFH6fEmUa29zRJrIl6b0Jo9PttWwlVgk9XSu9rRj770OFRaKa2tidSkV2dx_WW9aYBqI/s1600/The+Cat+S60+is+a+smartphone%252C+a+thermal+camera%252C+and+an+underwater+camera.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="550" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg49L94wHbTz4DN6HYx7i9K1KuDCKYJKhVW52frFMbRvf9OELLT1LXLC7RcVspdlG7LTKJHcepZFH6fEmUa29zRJrIl6b0Jo9PttWwlVgk9XSu9rRj770OFRaKa2tidSkV2dx_WW9aYBqI/s640/The+Cat+S60+is+a+smartphone%252C+a+thermal+camera%252C+and+an+underwater+camera.jpg" width="640" /></a>  </span><span id="ext-gen48" style="font-size: 1.2em;"></span></div>
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<div class="art-ins mol-factbox floatRHS sciencetech">
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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The Cat S60 is a smartphone, a thermal camera, and an underwater camera all in one.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">It runs on Android Marshmallow, and has a 3800mAh battery.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">According
 to Caterpillar, the S60 is the first phone to contain an integrated 
thermal camera, using an embedded heat visualization device made by 
FLIR.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">By creating an image that highlights temperature differences, the camera shows heat that is invisible to the naked eye.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 practical uses are expansive, from detecting heat loss around windows 
and doors to identifying overheating appliances, or flaws in insulation.</span></div>
<div>
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<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">And, it can be used to see in total darkness.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘The Cat S60 represents a milestone for smartphones. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'We
 are excited for thermal technology to be in the hands of Cat phones 
customers and to discover the myriad of daily time and efficiency use 
cases it will present for them,’ said Peter Stephens, CEO of Bullitt 
Group, global mobile device licensee for Caterpillar.</span></div>
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<img alt="The $600 Cat S60 has promised to give users a ¿sixth sense,¿ and with a strengthened die cast frame and the ability to function underwater for an hour at a depth of roughly 16 feet, it is essentially indestructible" class="blkBorder img-share" height="168" id="i-1df4d3cbdc4d3a5a" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/02/18/21/3159262400000578-3453530-The_600_Cat_S60_has_promised_to_give_users_a_sixth_sense_and_wit-m-8_1455829911653.jpg" width="634" /></div>
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The Cat S60 is a 
smartphone, a thermal camera, and an underwater camera all in one. It 
runs on Android Marshmallow, and has a 3800mAh battery. According to 
Caterpillar, the S60 is the first phone to contain an integrated thermal
 camera, using an embedded heat visualization device made by FLIR. </div>
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<div class="mol-para-with-font" id="ext-gen47">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">FLIR,
 a leading brand in thermal imaging technology, says this will bring 
smartphones to a new level, allowing users to see what they previously 
could not.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘The
 Cat S60 presents mobile users around the world with new capabilities – a
 ‘sixth sense’ experience that only thermal imaging can offer,’ said 
Andy Teich, President and CEO of FLIR.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The S60 has a Gorilla Glass 4 display, and the touchscreen will work even if you have wet fingers, or are wearing gloves.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">It has even been put to the test of military spec, proving to survive a drop of almost six feet.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 phone has been deemed the ‘world’s most waterproof smartphone,’ and the
 brand says it can be used underwater up to depths of around 16 feet for
 about an hour.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">This technology also makes the S60 dustproof, opening up the door for a multitude of settings in which this phone could be used.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">While
 the uses for construction workers or contractors are obvious, the 
versatility of thermal and underwater capabilities means potential 
benefits for anyone, from emergency responders to outdoor enthusiasts.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The S60 will be unveiled at Mobile World Congress, Feb 22- 28 in Barcelona.</span></div>
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The Cat S60 smartphone has underwater camera and thermal imaging camera

By creating an image that highlights temperature differences, the camera shows heat that is invisible to the naked eye. The practical uses are expansive, from detecting heat loss around windows…

'Nitro Zeus' Was Cyber Attack Plan Aimed At Iran If Nuclear Negotiations Failed: Report

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<br />
<br />
<div class="first-text">
Shortly after President Barack Obama took office, 
plans were drawn up to unleash absolute hell on parts of Iran’s power 
grid, air defense system, communications and command and control 
apparatus via a series of coordinated cyber attacks, according to a new 
report in <em><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/17/world/middleeast/us-had-cyberattack-planned-if-iran-nuclear-negotiations-failed.html?_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=1915890CF33F5F8F996668DA689CD7D2&gwt=pay" target="_blank">The New York Times</a></em>.</div>
<div class="first-text">
<br /></div>
<div class="first-text">
The plan, code-named Nitro Zeus, was devised to disable <a class="meta-loc" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/iran/index.html?inline=nyt-geo" title="More news and information about Iran.">Iran</a>’s
 air defenses, communications systems and crucial parts of its power 
grid, and was shelved, at least for the foreseeable future, after the <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/03/31/world/middleeast/simple-guide-nuclear-talks-iran-us.html" title="New York Times article.">nuclear deal</a> struck between Iran and six other nations last summer <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/17/world/middleeast/iran-sanctions-lifted-nuclear-deal.html" title="New York Times article.">was fulfilled</a>.</div>
<div class="first-text">
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<figure class="interactive interactive-embedded  has-adjacency has-lede-adjacency limit-small layout-sub-medium" id="iran-fordo-nuclear-facility"><figcaption class="interactive-caption"><h2 class="interactive-headline">
            Iran’s Fordo Nuclear Facility        </h2>
<div class="interactive-leadin">
            Fordo is buried in a mountain deep inside an Islamic 
Revolutionary Guards Corps base. The site came to public attention in 
2009 when President Obama announced its existence.        </div>
</figcaption>

<div class="g-artboard g-show-submedium g-show-medium g-show-large g-show-xlarge" id="g-fordo-Artboard_1" style="display: block;">
  
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   <img class="g-aiImg" data-height-multiplier="0.6013" data-src="http://graphics8.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2015/04/03/fordo/486f0a1ec2a02e7b35042492cb1c69e8ead79d49/fordo-Artboard_1.png" id="g-ai0-0" src="http://graphics8.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2015/04/03/fordo/486f0a1ec2a02e7b35042492cb1c69e8ead79d49/fordo-Artboard_1.png" style="height: 361px;" /></div>
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</figure><br /><div class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="650" data-total-count="2680" id="story-continues-3" itemprop="articleBody">
Fordo
 has long been considered one of the hardest targets in Iran, buried too
 deep for all but the most powerful bunker-buster in the American 
arsenal. The proposed intelligence operation would have inserted a 
computer “worm” into the facility with the aim of frying Fordo’s 
computer systems — effectively delaying or destroying the ability of 
Iranian centrifuges to enrich uranium at the site. It was intended as <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/01/world/middleeast/obama-ordered-wave-of-cyberattacks-against-iran.html?_r=0">a follow-up to “Olympic Games,”</a>
 the code name of a cyberattack by the United States and Israel that 
destroyed 1,000 centrifuges and temporarily disrupted production at 
Natanz, a far larger but less protected enrichment site.</div>
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<br /></div>
Under the terms of the nuclear agreement with Iran, two-thirds of the 
centrifuges inside Fordo have been removed in recent months, along with 
all nuclear material. The facility is banned from any nuclear-related 
work and is being converted to other uses, eliminating the threat that 
prompted the attack plan, at least for the next 15 years.<br />
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<img alt="'Nitro Zeus' Was A Massive Cyber Attack Plan Aimed At Iran If Nuclear Negotiations Failed: Report" class=" cursor-pointer" data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--UYAURVd7--/c_scale,fl_progressive,q_80,w_800/m9k1txvcorebcplrbty2.jpg" data-chomp-id="m9k1txvcorebcplrbty2" data-format="jpg" height="411" src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--UYAURVd7--/c_scale,fl_progressive,q_80,w_800/m9k1txvcorebcplrbty2.jpg" width="640" /> <br />
<br />
The<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/17/world/middleeast/us-had-cyberattack-planned-if-iran-nuclear-negotiations-failed.html?_r=0" target="_blank"> <em>Times</em></a>
 reports that the plan involved thousands of intelligence personnel and 
operatives, costing tens of millions of dollars over multiple years. 
Planting physical hardware within Iran’s existing computer networks was 
also part of the plan. It remains unclear if this portion of it actually
 took place or was still in the planning stages. Either way, the program
 would have involved the seven-year-old <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Cyber_Command" target="_blank">Cyber Command </a>and the National Security Agency’s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailored_Access_Operations" target="_blank">Tailored Access Operations unit </a>that masters penetrating foreign computer networks.<br />
<br />

Nitro Zeus comes to light as the world is just now fully 
understanding the first time an advanced cyber weapon was used, and on a
 much smaller scale. That would be the <a href="http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/02/massive-us-planned-cyberattack-against-iran-went-well-beyond-stuxnet/" target="_blank">Stuxnet worm</a>
 developed by the U.S. and Israel and deployed deeply into the heart of 
the industrial control software that ran Iran’s uranium enrichment 
centrifuges.<br />
<br />

The story of this landmark moment in military and technological history is best told by the book <em>Countdown To Zero Day.</em>
 Not only does it go over Stuxnet’s development, deployment and eventual
 discovery in painstaking detail, but it also explains how these weapons
 are created and unveils the murky marketplace on<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-day_%28computing%29" target="_blank"> which so called zero-day exploits</a>, the back door vulnerabilities in existing software that make cyber attacks possible, are traded on.<br />
<br />

The revelations about this much more expansive cyber attack plan 
aimed at Iran comes from an upcoming documentary about zero-day exploits
 and cyber warfare in general dubbed aptly <em>Zero Days. </em>The movie is directed by celebrated documentary maker Alex Blibney <em>(We Steal Secrets: The Story of WikiLeaks, Going Clear</em>) and is premiering at the Berlin Film Festival this week.<br />

According to the film, another contingency operation was also planned
 should Iranian nuclear talks have failed that focused directly on 
disabling the Fordow nuclear enrichment site buried deep under a 
mountain near the Iranian city of Quam. This attack plan was not 
designed to be used only in response to Iranian aggression like the 
Nitro Zeus, instead it could have been executed at anytime the White 
House thought it necessary.<br />
<br />

The plan would have seen a worm injected into the Fordow’s main 
computer system, frying it with the goal destroying Iran’s centrifuge 
cascade operations in the process. This plan would have been a more 
aggressive follow-on to the Stuxnet worm that struck Iran’s enrichment 
facility at Natanz clandestinely in the late 2000s.<br />
<br />

Above all else, these programs underline how cyberwarfare is quickly 
developing into a go-to “non-kinetic” military tool that can be scaled 
to an incredible degree depending on the effects sought against the 
enemy. Because it can be so devastating, striking not just the enemy’s 
military capability but also civilian infrastructure such as access to 
power, it is becoming more and more a viable alternative to traditional 
forms of attack.<br />
<br />

The small glimpse we have into Nitro Zeus also underlines how a 
multiple-pronged attack, striking different areas of a target’s 
infrastructure and military capability at once, can be paired for 
synergistic effect, leaving its target country’s military blind and deaf
 and its population suffering. And all this can be had without ever 
dropping a bomb and even under the veil of plausible deniability.<br />

Also of interest is that Nitro Zeus is most likely one of a whole 
slew of plans to attack potential enemies via cyber weaponry. Plans 
surely exist for all of America’s potential adversaries, and some are 
likely to be far more elaborate and deadly than anything that has been 
disclosed to date. (And surely America’s potential enemies have similar 
contingency plans.)<br />
<br />

With all this in mind, the wars of the future, especially the hybrid 
kind that we are beginning to become accustomed to today, will likely 
prominently feature cyber weaponry, and nobody seems prepared for the 
potential consequences of their use. Keep in mind that once you deploy a
 cyber weapon, others will eventually be able to dissect it, and 
considering the low cost of entry for developing such weaponry and the 
wide-array of threatening state and non-state actors that exist today, 
America will likely be the largest target for them of all.<br />
<br />
<br /></div>

'Nitro Zeus' Was Cyber Attack Plan Aimed At Iran If Nuclear Negotiations Failed: Report

Shortly after President Barack Obama took office, plans were drawn up to unleash absolute hell on parts of Iran’s power grid, air defense system, communications and command and control apparatus v…

Rise of the machines: Robots will replace half of global workforce

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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="388" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/80LXnnL7j5A" width="690"></iframe>

Migrants are often accused of stealing jobs from locals in 
countries to which they were forced to flee, but the real threat to 
employment are the robots that will likely automate 50 percent of the 
global workforce by 2045. </div>
<div class="article__summary summary ">
 </div>
Shocking new stats were 
announced during Sunday’s annual meeting of the American Association for
 the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in Washington.<br />
Jobs at the middle of the skills curve are most at risk, according to Rice University computer science professor Moshi Vardi.<br />
High
 end skills, including those of doctors and attorneys, are unlikely to 
be developed by machines in the foreseeable future and those at the low 
end such as food service workers are paid such low wages that automation
 would prove more costly.<br />
<br />
<em>“Folks like data entry clerks, hotel clerks, and almost anyone working in delivery or shipping are likely to suffer,”</em> according to Vardi.<br />
The rapid development of self-driving cars also has taxi and truck drivers worrying about their long-term future.<br />
It’s
 a shift that’s been happening since the start of the Industrial Age, 
but current automation displaces less than 40 percent of global 
employment.<br />
<br />
A <a href="http://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/reports/Citi_GPS_Technology_Work_2.pdf">report</a>
 last month from the Oxford Martin School said that the OECD estimates 
that 57 percent of jobs were susceptible to automations deviated greatly
 across the globe.<br />
While
 the US and UK are below the average with 47 and 35 percent 
respectively, developing nations such as Thailand and Ethiopia have a 
higher rate with 72 and 85 percent respectively. China is estimated to 
have 77 percent of its jobs susceptible to automation.<br />
<br />
Within the 
US, the percentage of jobs at risk varies across the country. Boston and
 Washington have the lowest rate of 38 percent, compared to Fresno with 
54 and Las Vegas with 49 percent.<br />
The report warned that, in dealing with the <em>“premature industrialization</em>” brought on by automation,<em> “emerging and developing countries could require new growth models and a need to upskill workforces”.</em><br />
<br />
This
 week, aircraft maker Airbus announced the launch of a program to 
develop humanoid robotics technology which can perform manufacturing 
tasks in its factories.<br />
The company claims the robotic workers would help increase production levels rather than replace workers.<br />
<br />
Speaking
 at the AAAS meeting, Wendell Wallach from Yale University's 
Interdisciplinary Center for Bioethics advised that 10 percent of 
funding into AI and robotics should be put towards <em>“studying, managing, and adapting to the societal impact of intelligent machines, including the impact on wages and employment.”</em><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="388" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/LGTkL_gacvU" width="690"></iframe>

Rise of the machines: Robots will replace half of global workforce

HUBO is a Korean designed robot that can do human tasks. © Ruben Sprich / Reuters Migrants are often accused of stealing jobs from …

The First Known Image Of DARPA's Submarine-Hunting Drone

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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Exclusive: This Is The First Known Image Of DARPA's Submarine-Hunting Drone Ship" class=" cursor-pointer" data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--WPqT7D2p--/c_scale,fl_progressive,q_80,w_800/k7xqy5pwhisa7kn22ckb.jpg" data-chomp-id="k7xqy5pwhisa7kn22ckb" data-format="jpg" height="362" src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--WPqT7D2p--/c_scale,fl_progressive,q_80,w_800/k7xqy5pwhisa7kn22ckb.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="800" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The First Known Image Of DARPA's Submarine-Hunting Drone Ship. <i>foxtrotalpha</i></td></tr>
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<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>ACTUV (Anti-Submarine Warfare Continuous Trail Unmanned Vessel) Concept 
</b><br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="460" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/DQB2oDwgd9k" width="660"></iframe>

<br />
The Anti-Submarine Warfare Continuous Trail Unmanned Vessel (<a href="http://www.darpa.mil/program/anti-submarine-warfare-continuous-trail-unmanned-vessel">ACTUV</a>)
 program, funded by the US Navy's Office of Naval Research and Space and
 Naval Warfare Systems Command, is responsible for Sea Hunter, which 
displaces about 140 tons. The prototype will be <em>"christened"</em> in Portland, Oregon in April, before an 18-month trial run to test its long-range utility.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="first-text">
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s 
initiative to build a long-endurance unmanned ship that will hunt and 
track the quietest submarines on Earth has come to fruition. The image 
above is the first glimpse ever of the potentially revolutionary  Anti-Submarine Warfare Continuous Trail Unmanned Vessel or ACTUV, also known as <em>Sea Hunter.</em></div>
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<em>Sea Hunter </em>is being developed in conjunction with the Office
 of Naval Research and the Space and Naval Systems Warfare Command. 
Engineering industry innovator Leidos and Oregon Iron Works, which is known for its exotic and shadowy ship designs, designed and constructed the exotic experimental vessel. <br />

The ship is set to be christened in April, but she is already in the 
water at Portland’s Swan Island ship building and maintenance facility 
as local<a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/planephotoman/" target="_blank"> photographer Paul Carter, who took the image above,</a> recently discovered.<br />
<br />

The 132 foot long robotic sub-hunter is the largest purpose-built unmanned ship ever
 created. As you can see in the image above, an auxiliary pilot house 
has been fitted on its sail for initial trials. The design’s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimaran" target="_blank">trimaran</a> hull was chosen for its stability, efficiency and speed, allowing it chase submarines over extreme distances in open ocean.<br />

The Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) Continuous Trail 
Unmanned Vessel (ACTUV) is developing an unmanned vessel optimized to 
robustly track quiet diesel electric submarines. © darpa.mil </div>
<div class="media__title media__title_arcticle">
 </div>
</div>
</div>
<i>DARPA's priorities for next 2 yrs? Unravel complexity, master information, seed tech surprise. <a class="link customisable" data-expanded-url="http://ow.ly/YgVo2" data-scribe="element:url" dir="ltr" href="https://t.co/Xd4sdMpOmC" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="http://ow.ly/YgVo2"><span class="u-hiddenVisually">http://</span>ow.ly/YgVo2<span class="u-hiddenVisually"> </span></a> <a class="PrettyLink profile customisable h-card" data-mentioned-user-id="15646174" data-scribe="element:mention" dir="ltr" href="https://twitter.com/NationalDefense"><span class="PrettyLink-prefix">@</span><span class="PrettyLink-value">NationalDefense</span></a> </i><br />
<br />
What you don’t see is the ship’s under-hull mid-frequency sonar that 
is installed in a large bulbous protrusion amidships, as well as the 
high-frequency sonar mounted in smaller underwater protrusions. These 
will be the ship’s primary tools to find, identify and actively track 
even the quietest nuclear and air independent propulsion (AIP) equipped diesel-electric subs for long stretches of time. <br />

A suite of data links, computers and sensors will allow it to 
navigate autonomously, communicate with its handlers and predict a sub’s
 next moves. <br />

<em>Sea Hunter</em> will undergo a set of increasingly challenging 
trials over the better part of two years, work that could lead to a 
fleet of similar drone ships deployed around the globe. <br />
<br />

<em>A huge thanks to Paul Carter for this shot of Sea Hunter. </em><br />
<em>Make sure to check out all of <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/planephotoman/" target="_blank">Paul’s aviation photography work here</a>.</em><br />
<br />
<br /></div>

The First Known Image Of DARPA's Submarine-Hunting Drone

The First Known Image Of DARPA's Submarine-Hunting Drone Ship. foxtrotalpha ACTUV (Anti-Submarine Warfare Continuous Trail Unmanned Vessel) Concept The Anti-Submarine Warfare Continuous Trail Unmann…

The Most Expensive Warship Ever Built Might Already Be Close to Obsolete

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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">US most advanced aircraft carrier the Ford will be obsolete. Photo: <span class="skimlinks-unlinked">Thefordclass.com</span></td></tr>
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<br />
<br />

<i>Harry J. Kazianis. February 12, 2016</i><br />
<br />

The U.S. Navy’s latest and greatest aircraft carrier, the USS Gerald 
Ford, when completed, will join the ranks of the world’s most advanced 
warships ever put to sea. It will carry an air wing with firepower 
second to none. It will be defended by some of the most powerful naval 
vessels on the planet. And yet, coming in at an astounding $15 billion 
dollars—the most expensive naval vessel ever—its time as the symbol of 
U.S. power projection and military dominance may be over.<br />
<br />

Notice I used the words may be over. The simple fact is this: no one 
really knows for sure, but the trends all point to dangerous times 
ahead. We do know one thing with certainty—the mighty aircraft carrier 
is under siege, and without major changes to its capabilities, investing
 billions of scarce defense dollars seems a disastrous idea.<br />
<br />

Several recent articles, from popular Web sites to more academically 
themed publications, all point to the same problem set. Countries with 
the technological means, specifically great powers like China and 
Russia—nations the Pentagon considers as the next big challenge for the 
U.S. military—are developing missile platforms that can strike from 
long-range and en masse from multiple domains. Such weapons (and this is
 where that tinge of doubt comes into play)—if accurate, using highly 
trained crews combined with the means to find their target on the vast 
open oceans—could turn America’s supercarriers into multi-billion dollar
 graveyards for thousands of U.S. sailors. While many of these weapons 
have never been fired in anger—some never even tested against a 
non-cooperative maritime target—the sheer proliferation of such weapons 
coming online all point to a crisis for America’s flattops.<br />
<br />

Two recent articles only solidify this great challenge. First, in a 
stinging long-form op-ed for Politico, Jerry Hendrix, a Senior Fellow 
and the Director of the Defense Strategies and Assessments Program at 
the Center for a New American Security, fearing the challenges as 
described above, argues passionately for a change in the U.S. Navy’s 
long-term carrier plan. He notes that “the Navy’s decision on the 
carriers today will affect U.S. naval power for decades. These carriers 
are expected to be combat effective in 2065—over 150 years since the 
idea of an aircraft carrier was first conceived.” He also notes:<br />

<blockquote>
“. . . most weapons platforms are effective for only a 
limited time, an interval that gets shorter as history progresses. But 
until the past few years, the carrier had defied the odds, continuing to
 demonstrate America’s military might around the world without any 
challenge from our enemies. That period of grace may have ended as China
 and Russia are introducing new weapons—called “carrier killer” 
missiles—that cost $10 million to $20 million each and can target the 
U.S.’s multibillion-dollar carriers up to 900 miles from shore.”</blockquote>
This is where things get worse:<br />

<blockquote>
“At the same time, internal Navy decisions have cut the 
strike range of the carrier’s aircraft in half, to 496 miles. If we 
wanted to strike our enemies with these aircraft, the military would 
have to put the carriers well within range of those “carrier killer” 
missiles. It would be a mission fraught with physical danger to the ship
 and its crew.”</blockquote>
In a complementary piece for the more wonky World Politics Review, 
Mark Cancian, a former senior official in the Pentagon currently serving
 as a senior adviser with the CSIS International Security Program, makes
 very similar arguments as Hendrix, but with a twist. Cancian explains:<br />

<blockquote>
“Critics have increasingly asked whether carriers have 
become too vulnerable. No carrier has been seriously damaged by enemy 
action since WWII, but the future, as always, is uncertain. Carriers are
 built with many redundant and survivability features. Proponents note 
that during an accidental fire on the USS Forrestal in 1967, the ship 
withstood the equivalent of nine bomb explosions. On the other hand, 
weapons from highly sophisticated adversaries might be able to penetrate
 battle group defenses and put carriers out of action.”</blockquote>
The author continues, once again, echoing similar points made by Hendrix:<br />

<blockquote>
“Amid disputes over carriers’ usefulness, most observers 
agree that their aircraft are too short-ranged. During the 1980s, the 
average aircraft range was 900 miles. Now it is 500 miles and will not 
get any better with the introduction of the F-35. In permissive 
environments [think bombing ISIS], this is not a problem, because 
aircraft can be refueled to extend their range. In high-threat 
environments [like a war with China or Russia], however, refueling may 
not be possible.”</blockquote>
So what is the solution? In my view, carriers need strike-platforms 
that can attack land-based targets from long-range (think 1,500 miles or
 perhaps more—China’s new DF-26 anti-ship missile could have a range of 
2,500 miles), fly remotely and utilize stealth to slip into areas that 
are protected by advanced air-defenses and anti-access battle-networks. 
This is a point Hendrix makes clear in his Politico piece. Sadly, this 
possibility seems all but dead thanks to the Pentagon’s recent decision 
to turn such an ongoing effort, the budding UCLASS program, into a 
remotely piloted refueling tanker. While the logic is plain to see—such a
 strike-platform as listed above may not be an easy thing to design, 
develop and deploy while increasing the available range of present 
carrier-based aircraft like the F-18 and F-35 is likely technologically 
simpler—such efforts cannot be abandoned just because they are difficult
 to field. As reports suggest, this new remotely piloted refueling plane
 will not even be stealthy. This is can only spell trouble, indeed, if a
 potential adversary were to focus their attacks on such refueling 
aircraft, America’s carrier’s would have to come much closer to enemy 
missile batteries—the very problem that must be mitigated.<br />
<br />

Here’s an idea worth considering: why not field this refueling 
capability in the short-term and place resources into a stealthy, 
long-range, remotely piloted UCLASS-style platform as well? Yes, defense
 dollars are scarce. However, this might be the best solution for a 
complex, long-term problem.<br />

While this debate surely plays out, let’s not be deceived by the 
headlines nor stick our heads in the sand. Just because Washington and 
its allies can pound away at ISIS, a terrorist group who does not have 
the means to fight back does not mean the carrier is safe from harm. I 
am afraid that if we don’t give America’s most expensive weapon of war 
the platforms it needs to strike from range, the aircraft carrier could 
join the battleships of yesteryear as floating museums sooner rather 
than later.<br />

The carrier can be saved, but do we have the political will to do it?<br />
<br />
<br />

<i>Harry Kazianis (@grecianformula) is the former Executive Editor of 
The National Interest. Kazianis presently serves as Senior Fellow 
(non-resident) for Defense Policy at the Center for the National 
Interest as well as Fellow for National Security Affairs at The Potomac 
Foundation. He is the editor and co-author of the Center for the 
National Interest report Tackling Asia’s Greatest Challenges: A 
U.S.-Japan-Vietnam Trilateral Report. All opinions are his own.</i><br />
<br />
<br /></div>

The Most Expensive Warship Ever Built Might Already Be Close to Obsolete

US most advanced aircraft carrier the Ford will be obsolete. Photo: Thefordclass.com Harry J. Kazianis. February 12, 2016 The U.S. Navy’s latest and greatest aircraft carrier, the USS Gerald Ford, w…

A Yeti (Beast) Caught On Camera in Russia

<br />
<br />
Is the dark hairy creature seen in the film [below] the ever elusive 
Yeti? Or could it just be a bear? Perhaps its some crazy hermit living 
in the back woods of Russia?<br />
<br />
<br />

</div>
<em>Reports have been pouring from the south-western Adygeya Republic
 of a large creature covered in hair from head to toe being spotted in a
 remote area about an hour away from the city of Adygeisk.</em><br />

<em>Recently a team of researchers headed to the area to see if they could catch this yeti on camera.</em><br />

<em>Do you know what the difference is between a yeti and bigfoot?</em><br />
<br />

<em>The theory is that they both are some lost species or descendants
 of Gigantopithecus, the difference is that Bigfoot is believed to live 
in the forests, mountains and swamps of North America, while the Yeti is
 believed to live in the mountainous snowy regions of the Himalayas or 
North East Asia and is smaller than its North American cousin.</em><br />
<br />

<em>Residents in the area have claimed to have seen and heard the creature outside in the snow.</em><br />

<em>One eyewitness Ludmila Hristoforova told a local television news 
reporter that “The creature was big, looking like a bear, but not a 
bear. From the door we’ve seen something big and shaggy.”</em><br />

<em>The research team claims they heard the crunching of snow and 
immediately headed outside and caught this footage of the creature.</em><br />
<br />

<em>Eye witness descriptions and this footage fit the traditional 
description of a yeti. A bipedal creature covered with dark grayish or 
reddish brown hair, weighs between 200 and 400 pounds and is about 6 
feet tall.</em><br />

<em>The team also found a rather large foot print in the snow, 
presumably left behind by the monster. They made sure to make a plaster 
cast of the print and sent it off to scientists.</em><br />
<br />

<em>The footprints were 2-3 inches deep and it is estimated it would 
take a creature as heavy as 440 pounds (200 kilos) to press the snow 
down that much.</em><br />

<em>So what do you think of this latest sighting? Real or Hoax.</em><br />
<br />

<em>Interestingly enough, this footage reminds me a lot of the the 
most famous and controversial big foot film of all time. It was shot in 
1967 by friends </em><br />

<em>Roger Patterson and Robert Gimlin and almost 50 years later, we still don’t know if it was real or a hoax.</em><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>MEGALODON CAUGHT ON CAMERA 2016</b>
<br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="384" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8KJi7sKw59Y" width="640"></iframe>

A Yeti (Beast) Caught On Camera in Russia

Is the dark hairy creature seen in the film [below] the ever elusive Yeti? Or could it just be a bear? Perhaps its some crazy hermit living in the back woods of Russia? From Epic Wild-life: Repo…

Pebble-bed reactor: Meltdown-Proof Nuclear Reactor

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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sketch of a pebble-bed reactor. / Wikipedia     
                </td></tr>
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<div class="article__short-url">
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</div>
<div class="article__cover">
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<img alt="© Reinhard Krause" class="media__item " src="https://cdn.rt.com/files/2016.02/original/56bda0e9c4618830598b45c3.jpg" /></div>
<div class="media__footer media__footer_bottom ">
<div class="media__title media__title_arcticle">

</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="article__share">
<div class="addthis_sharing_toolbox" data-description="
        China says it is planning to bring a safe nuclear power plant that will not suffer from meltdowns online in November 2017. It would be the world’s first high-temperature, gas-cooled pebble-bed nuclear plant built on an industrial scale. 
        
    " data-title="China plans to open 1st ‘meltdown-free’ nuclear power plant by 2017 " data-url="https://www.rt.com/news/332254-china-meltdown-free-reactor/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=RSS">
<br /></div>
<div class="addthis_sharing_toolbox" data-description="
        China says it is planning to bring a safe nuclear power plant that will not suffer from meltdowns online in November 2017. It would be the world’s first high-temperature, gas-cooled pebble-bed nuclear plant built on an industrial scale. 
        
    " data-title="China plans to open 1st ‘meltdown-free’ nuclear power plant by 2017 " data-url="https://www.rt.com/news/332254-china-meltdown-free-reactor/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=RSS">
<br /></div>
<div class="addthis_sharing_toolbox" data-description="
        China says it is planning to bring a safe nuclear power plant that will not suffer from meltdowns online in November 2017. It would be the world’s first high-temperature, gas-cooled pebble-bed nuclear plant built on an industrial scale. 
        
    " data-title="China plans to open 1st ‘meltdown-free’ nuclear power plant by 2017 " data-url="https://www.rt.com/news/332254-china-meltdown-free-reactor/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=RSS">
<b>In what would be a milestone for advanced nuclear power. </b></div>
</div>
<div class="article__summary summary ">

China says it is planning to bring a safe nuclear power plant 
that will not suffer from meltdowns online in November 2017. It would be
 the world’s first high-temperature, gas-cooled pebble-bed nuclear plant
 built on an industrial scale.

</div>
<div class="article__text text ">
China’s Nuclear 
Engineering Construction Corporation wants to introduce a high 
temperature, pebble-bed, gas-cooled nuclear reactor, in the Shandong 
Province, south of the capital, Beijing. The company is planning to 
bring twin 105-megawatt reactors —so-called Generation IV reactors that would be immune to meltdown—would
 be the first of their type built at commercial scale in the world. It is hoped that the power station will start working by 
November 2017.<br />
<br />
Construction of the plant is nearly complete, and the next 
18 months will be spent installing the reactor components, running 
tests, and loading the fuel before the reactors go critical in November 
2017, said Zhang Zuoyi, director of the <a href="http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/ineten/" target="_blank">Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology</a>,
 a division of Tsinghua University that has developed the technology 
over the last decade and a half, in an interview at the institute’s 
campus 30 miles south of Beijing. If it’s successful, Shandong plant 
would generate a total of 210 megawatts and will be followed by a 
600-megawatt facility in Jiangxi province.<br />
<br />
Beyond that, China plans to 
sell these reactors internationally; in January, Chinese president Xi 
Jinping signed an agreement with King Salman bin Abdulaziz to construct a
 high-temperature gas-cooled reactor in Saudi Arabia.<br />

“This technology is going to be on the world market 
within the next five years,” Zhang predicts. “We are developing these 
reactors to belong to the world.”<br />
<br />

Pebble-bed reactors that use helium gas as the heat 
transfer medium and run at very high temperatures—up to 950 °C—have been
 in development for decades. The Chinese reactor is based on a design 
originally developed in Germany, and the German company SGL Group is 
supplying the billiard-ball-size graphite spheres that encase thousands 
of tiny “pebbles” of uranium fuel.<br />
<br />
Seven <a href="http://www.ngnpalliance.org/index.php/htgr" target="_blank">high-temperature gas-cooled reactors</a>
 have been built, but only two units remain in operation, both 
relatively small: an experimental 10-megawatt pebble-bed reactor at the 
Tsinghua Institute campus, which reached full power in 2003, and a 
similar reactor in Japan.</div>
<div class="article__text text ">
<br />During a recent visit to the Tsinghua facility, 
technologists were testing the huge helium blower that will circulate 
the gas coolant at the Shandong site once it starts up. Such 
high-temperature reactors are immune to meltdown because they don’t 
require elaborate external cooling systems of the sort that failed at 
Fukushima, Japan, in 2011.<br />
<br />
The graphite coating protects the fuel from 
breaking down, even at temperatures well beyond those found in the 
reactor core during operation, and once the interior temperature passes a
 certain threshold, the nuclear reactions slow, cooling the reactor and 
making it essentially self-regulating. And while pebble-bed reactors do 
not totally solve the problem of nuclear waste, the fuel’s form also 
gives rise to multiple options for waste disposal. China’s eventual goal
 is to eliminate or greatly reduce waste by recycling the spent fuel.<br />
<br />

One of the main hurdles to building these reactors is 
the cost of the fuel and of the reactor components. But China’s sheer 
size could help overcome that barrier. “There have been studies that 
indicate that if reactors are mass-produced, they can drive down costs,”
 says Charles Forsberg, <a href="http://web.mit.edu/nse/people/research/forsberg.html" target="_blank">executive director of the MIT Nuclear Fuel Cycle Project</a>. “The Chinese market is large enough to make that potentially possible.”<br />
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<img alt="Graphite pebble for reactor" class="media__item" src="https://cdn.rt.com/files/2016.02/original/56bdc941c36188c70d8b4575.JPG" /><div class="media__footer media__footer_bottom ">
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                   Graphite pebble for reactor / Wikipedia </div>
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Several other advanced-reactor projects are under way 
in China, including work on a molten-salt reactor fueled by thorium 
rather than uranium (a collaboration with Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
 where the technology originated in the 1960s), a traveling-wave reactor
 (in collaboration with TerraPower, the startup funded by Bill Gates), 
and a sodium-cooled fast reactor being built by the Chinese Institute 
for Atomic Energy.<em><br /></em>
<img alt="Illustration example of high temperature gas reactor" height="443" src="http://www.ngnpalliance.org/images/general_files/illus-multiple-reactors-md.jpg" width="640" /><br />
<em>High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR)</em><br />
<em><br /></em>
In
 August, China announced it intended to build a hybrid fusion-fission 
reactor capable of recycling nuclear waste by 2030, which would make 
energy production more environmentally-friendly.<br />
Researchers 
believe that hybrid reactors will be able to generate twice as much 
electricity as current reactors. These reactors are also believed to be 
safer as they can be immediately halted by cutting the external power 
supply.<br />
Current reactors use only fission technology, which means 
dividing atoms in half while future fusion-fission technology will merge
 two atoms in one.<br />
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<img class="article-img article-img--3col" height="320" src="https://d267cvn3rvuq91.cloudfront.net/i/images/mitnuclear1.jpg?sw=1180&cx=0&cy=0&cw=2760&ch=2760" width="320" /><br />
<em>MIT Technology Review. </em>technologyreview.com<br />
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Pebble-bed reactor: Meltdown-Proof Nuclear Reactor

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