Errymath: Search results for technology

Snowden : NSA Turns Conversations into Searchable Text

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<img alt="The National Security Agency has developed and employed voice recognition technology to create transcripts of phone calls so they can be more easily searched and stored." height="346" itemprop="associatedMedia" src="http://cdn1.img.sputniknews.com/images/102175/22/1021752222.jpg" title="The National Security Agency has developed and employed voice recognition technology to create transcripts of phone calls so they can be more easily searched and stored." width="640" /> </div>
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<b class="b-article__lead">The National Security Agency has 
developed and employed voice recognition technology to create 
transcripts of phone calls so they can be more easily searched and 
stored. Privacy advocates are demanding more information as to who might
 be the technology’s intended targets.</b><br />
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According
 to documents leaked by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden, the NSA 
can automatically recognize and flag content in phone calls, using what 
it calls "Google for Voice." And though the technology, which they've 
been working on for at least a decade, is still imperfect, it can 
significantly aid human analysts in sifting through vast amounts 
of data.<br />
The amount of time needed for a human to listen to audio and 
transcribe it has always been prohibitive when collecting audio 
for surveillance.<br />
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Thomas Drake, an NSA whistleblower who worked as a voice processing 
crypto-linguist at the Agency, told the Intercept that, despite the post
 9-11 push to start collecting more audio communications, the limiting 
factor was having people to listen to them all.<br />
"There weren’t enough ears," he said.<br />
But recent explosive advances in voice recognition technology could 
change all that, with the age of "bulk listening" on the horizon.<br />
"I think people don’t understand that the economics of surveillance 
have totally changed," Jennifer Granick, civil liberties director at the
 Stanford Center for Internet and Society, told the Intercept.<br />
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Mark my words again...every time you use <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/SIRI?src=hash">#SIRI</a> or <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Googlevoice?src=hash">#Googlevoice</a> the <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/NSA?src=hash">#NSA</a> captures this data and converts it to text adding it to your dossier</div>
— END PRISM (@endprism) <a href="https://twitter.com/endprism/status/595611737300312065">May 5, 2015</a></blockquote>
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How the NSA Converts Spoken Words Into Searchable Text <a href="http://t.co/sTTMPToIhK">http://t.co/sTTMPToIhK</a> by <a href="https://twitter.com/froomkin">@froomkin</a></div>
— END PRISM (@endprism) <a href="https://twitter.com/endprism/status/595607586423975936">May 5, 2015</a></blockquote>
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"Once you have this capability, then the question is: How will it be 
deployed?" she said. "Can you temporarily cache all American phone 
calls, transcribe all the phone calls, and do text searching of the 
content of the calls? It may not be what they are doing right now, 
but they’ll be able to do it."<br />
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<img alt="Documents leaked by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden reveal that the NSA has technology to convert recorded conversations to text that can be searched for terms like detonator,  Baghdad, or Musharaf." height="359" itemprop="associatedMedia" src="http://cdn3.img.sputniknews.com/images/102175/33/1021753374.jpg" title="Documents leaked by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden reveal that the NSA has technology to convert recorded conversations to text that can be searched for terms like detonator,  Baghdad, or Musharaf." width="640" /></div>
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Documents
 leaked by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden reveal that the NSA has 
technology to convert recorded conversations to text that can be 
searched for terms like "detonator",  "Baghdad", or "Musharaf."</div>
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<b>Storable & Searchable, Across Languages & Accents</b><br />
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Though the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) started 
funding voice recognition in the 1970s, the last decade or so are when 
the technology really took off.<br />
However, Dan Kaufman, director of DARPA’s Information Innovation 
Office, insists that the technology — especially as applied to phone 
call audio — is far from perfect, because "there’s a lot of noise on the
 signal" and "it’s informal as hell."<br />
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One of the earlier tools, launched in 2004 was called RHINEHART, 
which allowed analysts to both filter content as it came in for a 
pre-determined set of keywords or search the communications later, 
according to a 2006 document entitled "<a href="https://firstlook.org/theintercept/document/2015/05/05/media-mining-future-now/">For Media Mining, the Future is Now!</a>"<br />
The document also indicated that RHINEHART was being used "across a wide variety of missions and languages."<br />
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Shortly thereafter, the NSA’s Human Language Technology (HLT) program introduced <a href="https://firstlook.org/theintercept/document/2015/05/05/media-mining-future-now-conclusion">VoiceRT</a>,
 first used in Baghdad, and which let analysts "index, tag, and graph" 
communications so they could "sort through millions of cuts per day and 
focus on only the small percentage that is relevant."<br />
By 2009, the NSA's British analogue, GCHQ, noted that the NSA "have 
invested heavily in producing their own corpora of transcribed Sigint 
in both American English and an increasing range of other languages," 
while GCHQ itself was accumulating communications in "Northern Irish 
Accented English."<br />
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British spy agency might be able to tell whenever you say "craic" or "Dublin" on the phone <a href="http://t.co/kQDzkhlYOj">http://t.co/kQDzkhlYOj</a> <a href="http://t.co/nsHXMIKJvf">pic.twitter.com/nsHXMIKJvf</a></div>
— TheJournal.ie (@thejournal_ie) <a href="https://twitter.com/thejournal_ie/status/595630263121649664">May 5, 2015</a></blockquote>
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The latest tool mentioned in the Snowden documents, called <a href="https://firstlook.org/theintercept/document/2015/05/05/human-language-hlt-progressing">SPIRITFIRE</a>,
 was launched in 2013 and is described as "a more robust voice 
processing capability based on speech-to-text keyword search and paired 
dialogue transcription."<br />
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<b>"Try Your Best to Behave Just Like Everyone Else"</b><br />
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Though a 2011 document, "<a href="https://firstlook.org/theintercept/document/2015/05/05/finding-nuggets-quickly-heap-voice-collection-mexico-afghanistan">Finding Nuggets — Quickly — in a Heap of Voice Collection, From Mexico to Afghanistan</a>,"
 describes the successful use of the technology in war zones and 
among communications from Latin America, the extent to which the 
voice-to-text tools have been used domestically remains unclear.<br />
Also unclear is how this technology is regulated by the government, 
whose debates about mass surveillance have so far not included 
discussion of voice collection and automated transcription.<br />
The technology isn't mentioned at all in the USA Freedom Act, which 
Congress is currently debating. The bulk data collection program 
addressed there targets phone metadata: information about who called 
whom and when.<br />
The Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board (<a href="https://www.pclob.gov/">PCLOB</a>) — appointed by the president — has also never mentioned this type of technology in its reports.<br />
The PCLOB's chairman, David Medine, told the Intercept that he could 
neither confirm nor deny that the technology was mentioned in any 
information the Board has seen but couldn't declassify, but that such 
technology, if it existed "would also allow the government to listen 
in on more calls, which would raise more of the kind of privacy issues 
that the board has raised in the past."<br />
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Most worrying to Phillip Rogaway, a professor of computer science 
at the University of California, Davis, however, was that the mechanisms
 by which voice communications were searched or flagged were being 
developed in the dark. Sophisticated predictive technologies would mean 
that keyword searches would be "the least of our problems."<br />
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A <a href="https://firstlook.org/theintercept/document/2015/05/05/media-mining-future-now-conclusion">2006 memo</a>
 describes tools with the "capability to predict what intercepted data 
might be of interest to analysts based on the analysts’ past behavior."<br />
"When the NSA identifies someone as ‘interesting’ based 
on contemporary NLP [Natural Language Processing] methods, it might be 
that there is no human-understandable explanation as to why beyond: ‘his
 corpus of discourse resembles those of others whom we thought 
interesting'; or the conceptual opposite: ‘his discourse looks or sounds
 different from most people’s.'"<br />
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Beyond the chilling effect this may have on people worried 
about eavesdropping, the obscurity of the processes means "it will be 
impossible to understand the contours of the surveillance apparatus 
by which one is judged.  All that people will be able to do is to try 
your best to behave just like everyone else."<br />
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Snowden : NSA Turns Conversations into Searchable Text

Breaks Foreign Technical Blockade, China Builds Advanced Helicopters

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Mil.huanqiu.com published a report on its interview with Chief Engineer Deng Jinghui, China’s top helicopter expert. According to Deng, through 66 years of hard efforts, China has had 12 platforms and over 60 types of helicopters.  <br />
China’s new generation of helicopters adopts world advanced 
technology to achieve the capabilities of operation in all the various 
areas at all time and in all kinds of complicated weathers.<br />
China has been able to achieve that in spite of foreign technical blockade.<br />
For example, the advanced de-icing technology that prevent icing on 
the rotary wings of helicopter. For a long time only the US and France 
have mastery of such technology and been unwilling to pass it to any 
other country. When China asked France for help, French experts said 
that no matter how much China paid France, France was only willing to 
help China build one type of helicopter with de-icing technology.<br />
Deng’s team has conducted research unswervingly and has finally 
mastered the technology for all Chinese helicopters that need such 
technology. Tests have proved that China’s technology is as good as that
 in the type of helicopter France has helped China to build with French 
technology.<br />
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For another example, the new fly-by-wire technology adopted only in 
America’s H-92 and UH-60M new type of Black Hawk and Russia’s Kazan 
Ansat helicopters. The flight control system using that technology is 
much lighter than conventional flight control. It greatly improves 
flight control, automatically helps stabilize a helicopter and prevent 
unsafe operation of a helicopter outside of its performance envelope. 
Without foreign help, Deng’s team has successfully developed and 
incorporated such technology in China’s newest helicopter.<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><br /></b></span>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Another advanced technology to achieve:</b></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdgsSo7Yl-q1uY_rKqbBvbLRnmREsi7FU3HpdQDLsPaJToq3ykvyMa7DvarPfiuQS9N6sQm4dCkDUIdtryx0nyohAl6WLT4ZsqP-v3qlVy42ENMCKZgY0Fpmd8I0UZIc_4184SSbB74ug/s1600/Z-19++%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="319" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdgsSo7Yl-q1uY_rKqbBvbLRnmREsi7FU3HpdQDLsPaJToq3ykvyMa7DvarPfiuQS9N6sQm4dCkDUIdtryx0nyohAl6WLT4ZsqP-v3qlVy42ENMCKZgY0Fpmd8I0UZIc_4184SSbB74ug/s640/Z-19++%25282%2529.jpg" width="425" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Z-19Q</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1sb2okmsQrP5EsW8Rgxj1_gLrWdYp7tw71X6vVb85_96lQfWpJCHD0RyMFaiGFz3ni4PxCfbic20w96uJ5Pp7aVF8oKAqQdkoMlYeNjpSlu2nzeD5OHKGnRqPCyDyAfppJt9WzyFHD8M/s1600/Z-19+is+world%2527s+first+AESA+milimeter+wave+radar+on+armored+heli+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="720" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1sb2okmsQrP5EsW8Rgxj1_gLrWdYp7tw71X6vVb85_96lQfWpJCHD0RyMFaiGFz3ni4PxCfbic20w96uJ5Pp7aVF8oKAqQdkoMlYeNjpSlu2nzeD5OHKGnRqPCyDyAfppJt9WzyFHD8M/s1600/Z-19+is+world%2527s+first+AESA+milimeter+wave+radar+on+armored+heli+2.jpg" /></a></div>
    Z-19X MMW radar <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQ-T7_Cgm4a2WGrx8Ofv67byuiSaHiZZkSruSM1ZhUaUGnnW9vBy2wnl3_-2u9AKNGHKfzVwZ60qcLDZlvcwdFjWCxVId2I1iqPWPIUV81rAqKlrBTQeFU1qlWtatActfO7AQSfL9p8tk/s1600/Z-19+is+world%2527s+first+AESA+milimeter+wave+radar+on+armored+heli.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="720" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQ-T7_Cgm4a2WGrx8Ofv67byuiSaHiZZkSruSM1ZhUaUGnnW9vBy2wnl3_-2u9AKNGHKfzVwZ60qcLDZlvcwdFjWCxVId2I1iqPWPIUV81rAqKlrBTQeFU1qlWtatActfO7AQSfL9p8tk/s1600/Z-19+is+world%2527s+first+AESA+milimeter+wave+radar+on+armored+heli.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
Z-19 is world's first AESA milimeter wave radar on armored heli<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="300" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/9Ucs92qI9rA" width="500"></iframe>

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<a href="http://en.people.cn/n3/2017/0904/c90000-9264309.html" target="_blank">A Chinese private enterprise</a> has successfully purified the rare metal 
rhenium to manufacture the single crystal blade, which is crucial for 
the production of aircraft engines, CCTV.com reported on Sept. 3.<br />
The rare metal was purified after a year and a half effort by Chengdu 
Aerospace Superalloy Technology Co. Ltd. in cooperation with the Hunan 
Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals.<br />
The company discovered a mine with about 176 tons of rhenium in Shaanxi 
province in 2010, accounting for 7 percent of the world’s total reserves
 of the metal.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigy6dpxVQcaukvidWI3HugxRJmjS9Tq3zqezuM6hVENSpjmcvp1C58Am1RoFcaI9pmInlTdNftqTZ9cCpKSLxyhSJbGq1iK_ZfsiBthDllYeMhMMR3HkaNdJzG_6lIRki8WCWO2FLWioY/s1600/yyyyyyyyyyy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="600" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigy6dpxVQcaukvidWI3HugxRJmjS9Tq3zqezuM6hVENSpjmcvp1C58Am1RoFcaI9pmInlTdNftqTZ9cCpKSLxyhSJbGq1iK_ZfsiBthDllYeMhMMR3HkaNdJzG_6lIRki8WCWO2FLWioY/s400/yyyyyyyyyyy.jpg" width="400" /></a><br />
<br />
A report released by the U.S. Geological Survey shows that the explored 
reserve of rhenium in the earth’s crust is only about 2,500 tons, even 
less than that of rare elements. The price for each gram is about $31 to $46, which makes it as expensive as platinum.<br />
<br />
<img alt="" data-aria-label-part="" height="426" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CDR94yMWgAABrxQ.jpg" width="320" /><br />
<a href="http://t.co/5Zyh2mbcBI" target="_blank"><b>Rhenium</b> - A <b>Rare Metal</b></a> Critical to Modern Transportation<br />
<br />
The metal is the main material for producing the single crystal blade, 
which is crucial for manufacturing aircraft engines, and the technology 
directly affects the performance of the engine.<br />
Zhang Zheng, chairman of the company, put together a professional team through the country’s talent recruitment program.<br />
Verified results show that the single crystal blade met Europe and U.S 
quality standards in terms of tensile properties and endurance 
performance at high temperatures.<br />
<br />
The success makes the company China’s first to achieve mass production 
of the single crystal blade for manufacturing aircraft engines.<br />
Aircraft engines, as one of the most complicated mechanical systems, 
should be able to work under high temperatures, high pressures, high 
rotation speeds, and high load; and be high power, light weight, long 
lasting, and highly reliable.<br />
China has been faced with a hurdle of self-developing aircraft engines, 
because the U.S. and some Western countries have blocked certain exports
 such as rhenium to China for many years.<br />
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Get the facts on <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Rhenium?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Rhenium</a>—A rare metal critical to modern transportation <a href="http://t.co/lqX3Qix6nE">http://t.co/lqX3Qix6nE</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/minerals?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#minerals</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/USGS?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#USGS</a> <a href="http://t.co/7KZfbbuf4L">pic.twitter.com/7KZfbbuf4L</a></div>
— USGS Minerals (@USGSMinerals) <a href="https://twitter.com/USGSMinerals/status/593859993843191809?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 30, 2015</a></blockquote>
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Breaks Foreign Technical Blockade, China Builds Advanced Helicopters

Mil.huanqiu.com published a report on its interview with Chief Engineer Deng Jinghui, China’s top helicopter expert. According to Deng, t...

Terrified US Aircraft Carrier Flees From Russian Subs To UK Safety

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<img alt="" class="alignright" height="266" src="http://www.whatdoesitmean.com/klk1.jpg" width="400" /><br />
<a href="http://www.roosevelt.navy.mil/">USS Theodore Roosevelt</a> in the waters off
Hampshire coast in<br />
 the United Kingdom<br />
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The Naval Surface Forces (<a href="http://eng.mil.ru/en/structure/forces/navy/structure/surface_forces.htm" target="_blank">NSF</a>) of the Ministry of Defense (<a href="http://eng.mil.ru/" target="_blank">MoD</a>)
 are reporting today that three nuclear-powered Akula-class submarines 
belonging to the 24th Submarine Division of the Northern Fleet (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Fleet" target="_blank">NF</a>) successfully “war-gamed” the American aircraft carrier <a href="http://www.roosevelt.navy.mil/" target="_blank">USS Theodore Roosevelt</a> [photo 1st right] causing it to “flee in terror” towards the waters off the Hampshire coast in the United Kingdom.<br />
Within hours of the NSF reporting this critical incident, it’s 
interesting to note, British press sources confirmed that this US Navy 
behemoth of “100,000 tons of firepower”
 did indeed dock off Stokes Bay in Gosport stunning the thousands of 
spectators who jammed roads and lined the banks of the River Solent to 
see it, but which they, also, described as a port call, though none had 
been scheduled.<br />
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According to this NSF report, the USS Theodore Roosevelt, and its 
combat escort ships, had been detected on a course towards the operating
 zone of the Northern Fleet which President Putin <a href="http://fox6now.com/2015/03/16/amid-nato-exercises-russia-puts-northern-fleet-on-full-alert/" target="_blank">had put on full combat alert last week</a> in response to a <a href="http://www.whatdoesitmean.com/index1846.htm" target="_blank">“State of War” threat</a> detected from the United Kingdom…a threat, the MoD adds to this report, was, likewise, in response to the Federations “<a href="http://www.whatdoesitmean.com/index1835.htm" target="_blank">Shock of March” battle plan revealed on 4 February</a>.<br />
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With NATO forces, literally, <a href="http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2015-03-21/nato-launches-wide-scale-war-games-near-russian-border-creates-line-troops" target="_blank">lining the entire western border with troops</a>, including the unprecedented US Army’s <a href="http://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2015/03/22/402924/US-military-parade-across-eastern-europe" target="_blank">“Dragon Ride” armored convoy</a> currently winding its way across six European nations, and Norway’s equally unprecedented <a href="http://rt.com/news/239209-nato-norway-viking-drills/" target="_blank">“Joint Viking” combat war moves against the northern border</a>, this report continues, President Putin himself gave the order to “target and disable” the USS Theodore Roosevelt.<br />
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As Russia had <a href="http://www.whatdoesitmean.com/index1850.htm" target="_blank">warned its citizens last week to prepare for nuclear war</a>, and Moscow’s <a href="http://www.whatdoesitmean.com/index1848.htm" target="_blank">bomb shelters began to fill</a> in response to the dire <a href="http://www.whatdoesitmean.com/index1849.htm" target="_blank">first-strike nuclear attack being planned by the US</a>, and nearly all of the Federations military forces <a href="http://rt.com/news/241745-russia-offensive-defense-drills/" target="_blank">being on full combat alert</a> across <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJNuxi5wq6Y" target="_blank">all 9 time zones</a>, this report further notes, the approach of the USS Theodore Roosevelt towards the Baltic Sea made it a “legitimate” target.<br />
To how this US aircraft carrier was “disabled” by the Northern 
Fleet’s attack submarines, this report says, was due to the Federations 
successful implementation of “<a href="https://www.thenewenergyindustry.com/magrav-technology-cd-version-01/" target="_blank">magrav technology</a>” weapons which had previously been used against American warships, and had “disabled” them too.<br />
<br />
In fact, NSF experts in this report state, it was only a few weeks ago that the <a href="http://theaviationist.com/2015/03/05/us-aircraft-carrier-sunk-by-subs/" target="_blank">USS Theodore Roosevelt was “sunk” by a French submarine</a>
 using “magrav technology” off the coast of Florida during a war game 
wherein the Americans were testing their countermeasures against this 
revolutionary new weapon prior to their ships deployment to confront 
Northern Fleet forces.<br />
<br />
The necessity of the US Navy to develop countermeasures against 
“magrav technology”, this report says, was clearly shown to them last 
year after Federation air forces <a href="http://www.veteranstoday.com/2014/11/13/aegis-fail-in-black-sea-ruskies-burn-down-uss-donald-duck/" target="_blank">completely disabled the feared AEGIS destroyer USS Donald Cook in the Black Sea</a>. So demoralizing was this attack against the USS Donald Cook, when it limped into a Romanian port for repairs, <a href="http://www.veteranstoday.com/2014/11/13/aegis-fail-in-black-sea-ruskies-burn-down-uss-donald-duck/" target="_blank">all 27 of its officers put in for reassignment and/or retirement</a>.<br />
<br />
<img alt="" class="alignright" height="225" src="http://www.whatdoesitmean.com/klk2.jpg" width="400" /><br />
<br />
<img border="0" height="388" id="_x0000_i1033" src="http://www.whatdoesitmean.com/klk3.jpg" width="400" /> <br />
<br />
“Magrav technology”, its import to note, was conceived by the Iranian-born nuclear engineer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehran_Tavakoli_Keshe" target="_blank">Mehran Keshe</a> [photo 2nd right], but whose works are banned from public use in the United States under an <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/04/23/executive-order-blocking-property-and-suspending-entry-united-states-cer" target="_blank">Executive Order signed by President Obama on 23 April 2012</a>.<br />
<br />
President Obama’s signing of his Executive Order against “magrav 
technology”, it should be remembered, was due to the Iranian’s using it 
to <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-16095823" target="_blank">down, and then capture one of the United States most secretive and sophisticated drones</a> in December, 2011, and then Iran sharing this new weapon with Syria too.<br />
<br />
Immediately upon President Obama banning “magrav technology” in 2012, it should also be noted, <a href="https://jhaines6.wordpress.com/2012/09/07/us-presidential-decree-and-keshe-foundation-response-this-is-not-news-but-i-never-found-the-time-to-read-this-and-today-seems-the-day-for-everyone-to-do-so-j/" target="_blank">Mehran Keshe replied to the American leader in an open letter by stating</a>:<br />
<blockquote>
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">“Your Excellency President Obama,</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">We offer you a path towards real world peace through the development of this <span class="itxtrst itxtrstspan itxtnowrap" id="itxthook1w" style="border-bottom: 0.075em solid rgb(204, 0, 0); color: #cc0000; font-size: 100%; font-weight: normal; padding-bottom: 1px ! important; text-decoration: underline;">new technology</span> for the whole human race</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">I invite you to a direct presentation of our technology to you and 
your cabinet, to be given on neutral ground where the president of Iran 
could also be present and where no one betrays anyone else, so that we 
can all understand the fundamental change that is about to be brought to
 mankind. Then let us talk about genuine world peace.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">As I said in my Sunday interview in Los Angeles, let us convert the 
military factories of the US to provide resources for a US space 
organization, so that the tools of war become the craft of universal 
peace.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">The aircraft carriers of the US will become nothing but floating 
bathtubs if our Magravs technology is used effectively, and the runways 
full of F16s and 18s and so on will be nothing but runway museums of 
iron birds, as these craft will not be able to fly if their electronic 
systems are once touched by Magravs space technology. These crafts and 
battleships would have to be rewired from A to Z before they could ever 
operate again.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">President Obama, we invite you to understand this change and to let 
us show you the technology that is bringing it about. Then we invite you
 to the table of world peace.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Please sign a decree for genuine peace and not a gagging order for 
science and technology, which your people understand fully what we have 
developed as they try to protect the pride of your nation.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">This is not a question of the pride of one group or country, but 
pride for all of us in the advancement of the human race to new levels 
of understanding of the universal order of creation, in which we each 
have our place.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Your Ambassador and Consul in Belgium have direct access to me from 
our previous talks and correspondence with them and would pass on any 
communication.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">With kindest regards from a peace loving man who has developed this powerful technology for the good of mankind.”</span></blockquote>
<br />
Sadly, as this NSF concludes, it has cost the Obama the humiliating 
defeat of two of its most powerful warships since his banning of “magrav
 technology” in 2012, with the total disablement of the USS Donald Cook 
last year, the war game “sinking” of the USS Theodore Roosevelt a few 
weeks ago, and now, today, this same aircraft carrier floating disabled 
off the UK coast, to realize the truth of Mehran Keshe’s warning him 
that “the aircraft carriers of the US will become nothing but floating 
bathtubs”.<br />
<br />
And though not stated in this report…one need look no further than it
 to come to a full and complete understanding of why Obama is furiously 
attempting to negotiate with Iran, while at the same time trying to keep
 his military forces from igniting World War III in order to destroy 
those nations who have begun using “magrav technology” weapons against 
them….like Russia and Iran…and (of course) the <a href="http://www.english.rfi.fr/france/20150308-drone-flies-over-french-submarine-communications-centre" target="_blank">French submarine communications centre that’s already being targeted by US drones</a>.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.whatdoesitmean.com/index1853.htm" target="_blank">Source<span style="font-size: small;"><b></b></span></a><br />
<br />
<br /></div>

Terrified US Aircraft Carrier Flees From Russian Subs To UK Safety

USS Theodore Roosevelt in the waters off Hampshire coast in the United Kingdom The Naval Surface Forces ( NSF ) of the Ministry of ...

China in talks for sale of jet engine technology to Germany

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<a class="externalLink" href="http://m.scmp.com/author/stephen-chen" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Stephen Chen</a> UPDATED : Sunday, 14 Jan 2018, 11:28PM<br />
China is in talks to sell Germany state-of-the-art machinery and 
technology critical in the manufacture of high-performance jet engines, a
 senior government scientist has revealed.<br />

The machinery produced turbine blades capable of withstanding 
temperatures several hundred degrees Celsius higher than the melting 
point of metallic alloys, the scientist said.<br />
<br />
The scientist, who is involved in the negotiations, asked not to be named because of the sensitivity of the matter.<br />
Turbine blades convert heat generated by combusted fuel into the energy 
that propels a plane. The blades are one of the most important 
components in modern aircraft, both military and civilian, and their 
quality determines how safe, powerful and durable a jet engine will be.<br />
<br />
The technological progress could be a very important step for 
made-in-China jet engines, with China now the world’s largest market for
 commercial aircraft. Thousands of planes are on order from Airbus and 
Boeing, and China is also developing its own C919 passenger jet.<br />
In recent years, tremendous leaps in blade-processing technology, 
combined with breakthroughs in alloy casting and aerodynamic design, 
have allowed China to produce a brand-new series of powerful military 
jet engines.<br />
The most notable example is the WS-15 turbofan jet engine, designed for 
use in China’s J-20 stealth fighter. The WS-15 has experienced 
reliability problems, but state media boasted last year that its 
performance matched that of the Pratt & Whitney F119, the world’s 
most advanced jet engine in military service, which was developed in the
 United States for the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor stealth fighter.<br />
<a class="externalLink" href="https://cdn3.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/images/methode/2018/01/14/56b59a82-f773-11e7-8693-80d4e18fb3a2_image_hires_213336.jpg" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="https://cdn2.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/images/methode/2018/01/14/56b59a82-f773-11e7-8693-80d4e18fb3a2_972x_213336.jpg" src="https://cdn2.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/images/methode/2018/01/14/56b59a82-f773-11e7-8693-80d4e18fb3a2_972x_213336.jpg" /></a><br />

China and the US are the only countries in the world with tactical stealth jets in service.<br />
“We are willing to share with industrial partners in Germany our latest 
hardware and technology,” the scientist said. “Industrial 
representatives from the two sides have finished the first round of 
contact.”<br />

The export of state-of-the-art machinery to Germany – traditionally 
known for its high-quality products – would improve the international 
image of China’s manufacturing industry, he said.<br />
<br />
A delegation from Xian, the capital of China’s northwestern Shaanxi 
province and the main production base for China’s military aircraft 
engines, would visit Berlin early this year to draft an export proposal 
with German counterparts, the scientist said.<br />
<br /><img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="https://cdn1.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/images/methode/2018/01/14/df777e14-f695-11e7-8693-80d4e18fb3a2_972x_213336.JPG" src="https://cdn1.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/images/methode/2018/01/14/df777e14-f695-11e7-8693-80d4e18fb3a2_972x_213336.JPG" /> <br />
<br />
The scientist asked that the government and business bodies involved not
 be named because the negotiations were still in their initial stage. 
The deal would require both Chinese and German government approval given
 the sensitivity of the machinery and technology involved, which could 
be used for both military and civilian purposes.<br />
<br />
Beijing has expressed support for the possible deal.<br />

“The collaboration between China and Germany is continuing to deepen in 
multiple sectors, the positive progress achieved is broadly recognised, 
which reflected the high level of Sino-German relations,” the Ministry 
of Foreign Affairs said on Tuesday in response to <i>South China Morning Post</i> questions about the negotiations.<br />
The prospects for cooperation between the two sides in the fields of 
hi-tech and intellectual property are very promising … we would like to 
work together with Germany to promote new progress in cooperation in the
 relevant fields under the principle of mutual openness, mutual benefits
 and mutual development.”<br />

The German embassy in Beijing did not respond to a request for comment.<br />
<br />
Professor Chen Jiang, from Beijing University of Aeronautics and 
Astronautics, who was involved in the development of new jet engines for
 China’s air force, said he would not be surprised if China provided 
military jet engine technology to Germany, which built the world’s first
 jet fighter at the end of the second world war and supplies many jet 
engine components, including turbine blades, to American and British 
manufacturers.<br />
“It is quite possible,” he said. “China’s manufacturing has achieved 
some remarkable progress on numerous strategic sectors in recent years.”<br />
<br />
But another Beijing-based jet engine scientist, who worked in Germany for years, said the deal might not eventuate.<br />
“Germany is an ally of the United States,” he said. “It will face many 
restrictions to work with China in this sensitive field of technology.”<br />
<br />
The German government and German companies had also voiced concerns 
about China’s infringement of intellectual property rights through 
reverse engineering or direct copying, he said.<br />
China’s turbine blade breakthroughs have won numerous top national 
science and technology prizes since 2010. They include the development 
of a unique hollow structure to make lighter and stronger blades; new 
single-crystal alloys capable of withstanding high temperatures; and a 
special membrane that can be applied to a blade’s surface to accelerate 
cooling. Two of the national science and technology prizes announced by 
Beijing this week were awarded for work on turbine blades: one for 
single crystal alloys and the other to do with mechanical grinding.<br />
<br />
The Chinese machinery being discussed with the Germans uses ultra-fast 
laser beams to bore extremely small holes or other fine structures on a 
turbine blade that allow air to flow through it and take away harmful 
heat.<br />
<br />
The scientist in Xian said laser processing was widely used in making 
jet engines, but China was using a new technical approach that differed 
from the traditional methods adopted in the US and Britain.<br />
<br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="https://cdn3.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/images/methode/2018/01/14/45f79386-f696-11e7-8693-80d4e18fb3a2_972x_213336.JPG" src="https://cdn3.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/images/methode/2018/01/14/45f79386-f696-11e7-8693-80d4e18fb3a2_972x_213336.JPG" /><br />
<br />
The US, Britain and France are home to the world’s four dominant jet 
engine makers: General Electric (GE), Pratt & Whitney, Rolls-Royce 
and CFM.<br />
<br />
He said one challenge was to achieve high output while keeping defect 
rates low. GE, Pratt & Whitney and Rolls-Royce had been researching 
the manufacture of turbine blades for decades and guarded the technology
 as one of their top business secrets.<br />
<br />
“Our machine has outperformed theirs on some benchmarks,” the scientist 
said. “The Germans have seen and grown interested in our technology.”<br />
Another researcher involved in the negotiations said the export of the 
blade processing machine would be part of wider jet engine collaboration
 between the two countries.<br />
<br />
“We will buy something else from them in return,” he said. “It can be 
either hardware or technology. The Germans are very good at the design 
and engineering of compressors [which send fresh air into the combustion
 chamber].”<br /> <br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="https://cdn3.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/images/methode/2018/01/14/ba89a874-f696-11e7-8693-80d4e18fb3a2_972x_213336.JPG" src="https://cdn3.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/images/methode/2018/01/14/ba89a874-f696-11e7-8693-80d4e18fb3a2_972x_213336.JPG" /><br />
<br />
Professor Peng Jiahui, who studied laser processing technology in 
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, said many Chinese 
researchers and engineers who had worked at GE, Pratt &Whitney and 
Rolls-Royce had returned to China and significantly increased the pace 
of jet engine development.<br />
<br />
But a more important factor driving China’s technical innovation was the size of market, he said.<br />
China had more than 1,700 military planes in service, second only to the
 US. The demand for turbine blades from China’s air force, which was 
still expanding rapidly, required the industry to come up with better 
manufacturing methods.<br />
“China can make the best mobile phones because there is huge demand,” Peng said. “The same applies to jet engines.”<br />
<a href="http://m.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2127796/china-talks-sale-jet-engine-technology-germany" target="_blank">SCMP</a><br />
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China in talks for sale of jet engine technology to Germany

Stephen Chen UPDATED : Sunday, 14 Jan 2018, 11:28PM China is in talks to sell Germany state-of-the-art machinery and technology crit...

Cutting-Edge Thruster Gives Space Program a Lift

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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdG44EiWQifjQ7Co6uwic3dz0wk39bSlznKKV685iCxWv859rs0MGseCcZPTHvCLOZOz6D5wdduxJLh2PLeeDil_92-kE43dvZnAFylFG6Qa40GrT-oPE4awz9ywfYXQwCVIix8VP13ZE/s1600/The+Shijian-17+satellite%252C+loaded+with+the+HEP-100MF+thruster%252C+is+launched+by+a+Long+March+5+rocket+in+the+Wenchang+Satellite+Launch+Center+in+Hainan+province+on+Nov.+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdG44EiWQifjQ7Co6uwic3dz0wk39bSlznKKV685iCxWv859rs0MGseCcZPTHvCLOZOz6D5wdduxJLh2PLeeDil_92-kE43dvZnAFylFG6Qa40GrT-oPE4awz9ywfYXQwCVIix8VP13ZE/s640/The+Shijian-17+satellite%252C+loaded+with+the+HEP-100MF+thruster%252C+is+launched+by+a+Long+March+5+rocket+in+the+Wenchang+Satellite+Launch+Center+in+Hainan+province+on+Nov.+3.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The Shijian-17 satellite, loaded with the HEP-100MF thruster, is 
launched by a Long March 5 rocket in the Wenchang Satellite Launch 
Center in Hainan province on Nov. 3</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="cons-author cf">
      
      <div class="cons-author-txt">
<i> </i></div>
<div class="cons-author-txt">
<a href="http://www.caixinglobal.com/2016-12-26/101030621.html" target="_blank"><i>By Yu Dawei and Teng Jing Xuan</i></a></div>
<div class="cons-author-txt">
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">A unique thruster mounted on a recently 
launched satellite has given China's space program an edge over 
international rivals and opened a door to deep-space exploration.<br />
<br />
The HEP-100MF thruster, jointly developed by research teams from the 
Harbin Institute of Technology (H.I.T.) and the China Academy of Space 
Technology's (CAST) Institute 502, successfully debuted Nov. 22 aboard 
an orbiting Shijian-17 satellite. The satellite was launched Nov. 3 by a
 Long March 5 rocket.<br />
<br />
"The thruster ignited successfully in geosynchronous orbit," the H.I.T. 
announced. The ignition "marks the first application of magnetic-focus 
(HEP-100MF) in space.<br />
<br />
The HEP-100MF propulsion system relies on a magnetic field to convert and control the propellant — a plume of charged ion particles — that generates the thrust needed at times to stabilize the orbiting Shijian-17.<br />
<br />
A system that relies on magnetic-focus, ion plume propulsion is less 
likely to damage a thruster's mechanism than other propulsion systems, 
scientists say. It's also considered more efficient than traditional 
chemical-propulsion thrusters.<br />
<br />
Chemical fuel propelled the powerful Saturn V rockets that helped the 
U.S. space program put men on the moon from 1969-72. But the Saturn V's 
first-stage engines burned out in less than three minutes, scientists 
say, and most of the rocket's fuel was used to propel its own weight.<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">After the engines on a Saturn V rocket burned out, the rocket's payload 
went into "space glide" mode, using inertia and gravity's pull to hurdle
 toward a destination. But additional thrust is needed to propel a 
gliding spacecraft beyond the solar system and into deep space.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"> </span><br />
Chemical propulsion systems have been commonly deployed for years to 
stabilize communications satellites, which require constant adjusting 
while in orbit. Sooner or later, though, these thrusters run out of 
fuel.<br />
<br />
The HEP-100MF might be used for deep-space missions because it's 
designed for longevity. The thruster "can be applied to space station, 
deep space exploration (and) high- and low-orbit Earth satellite orbit 
control," the H.I.T. said.<br />
<br />
China has not announced plans for a deep-space mission, but the nation's
 space program has been expanding rapidly. Recent developments include 
new rockets and the launching of a manned space station.<br />
<br />
<b>Hunting for Thrust</b><br />

The HEP-100MF is based on so-called "Hall-effect thruster" technology, 
which has been tested on the ground by researchers at American, Russian,
 European Union and Japanese space agencies.<br />
<br />
But China's thruster aboard the Shijian-17, which the official Xinhua 
News Agency said was built to "verify new technology," was the first to 
be successfully tested in space. It's also dramatically unlike 
propulsion systems of the past.<br />
<br />
Scientists have been working for years to develop long-lasting, 
deep-space-capable alternatives to chemical propulsion. Research into 
electric propulsion, for example, was under way in the United States and
 the Soviet Union even while the first Apollo missions were putting men 
on the moon more than 40 years ago.<br />
<br />
Chemical propulsion is the best option for a short burst of power, but 
mass can be moved via electric propulsion over a much longer period. 
Using a chemical propulsion system, 1 kg of mass can be moved for 300 
seconds using 1 kg of fuel. But an electric propulsion system can 
perform the same task over a period of 9,000 seconds, or two and a half 
hours.<br />
<br />
U.S. researchers led by scientist Harold Kaufman of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) worked on electron 
bombardment thrusters, which are now called Kaufman thrusters. Soviet 
researchers, guided by A. I. Morozov of the Kurchatov Institute, focused
 on the Hall-effect thruster technology.<br />
<br />
Kaufman thrusters are more fuel-efficient and have a higher specific 
impulse than Hall-effect thrusters. But the Hall-effect thruster 
mechanism is less complicated and smaller than its rival.<br />
<br />
The first Kaufmann thruster for a deep-space mission kicked into action 
aboard NASA's Deep Space 1 spacecraft in 1998. It delivered a relatively
 small amount of thrust — roughly equivalent to the amount of 
gravity-induced pressure that keeps a single sheet of paper lying flat 
on a table. But in space, that was enough thrust to accelerate the 
spacecraft by up to 32 km per day.<br />
<br />
Moreover, the Kaufmann thruster managed to operate for more than 14,000 
hours — a longer lifespan than all of the world's chemical propulsion 
engines ever built put together.<br />
<br />
Hall-effect thrusters have been used to propel more than 238 
communications satellites since 1971. But researchers have been unable 
to overcome the system's shortcomings, such as its relatively short 
lifespan and the fact that its ion plume can damage the thruster mechanism.<br />
<br />
<b>Chinese Breakthough</b><br />

Chinese space scientists considered but then abandoned the idea of using
 electric thrusters for satellites in the 1980s. But then researchers, 
led by H.I.T. scientist Yu Daren, a child prodigy who joined the 
institute at age 15, built on the success of the Hall-effect thruster to
 develop the HEP-100MF.<br />
<br />
The H.I.T.'s work began in the 1990s, Yu told Caixin in a recent 
interview, after the Russians could hail the success of their 
Hall-effect thruster technology and after commercial satellites in the 
United States started using a so-called ion thruster in 1997.<br />
<br />
A wave of Chinese researchers that included Yu initially tried to 
replicate Mozorov's findings in their own labs. Eventually, they decided
 to go beyond the Russians by using magnetism to confine the thruster's 
damaging plume.<br />
<br />
Mozorov's team had developed a rudimentary magnetic-focus system. But 
when Yu's team visited Mozorov in Moscow, they found the Russian 
technology as unreliable as their own.<br />
<br />
"The father of the Hall-effect thruster had the same problem: 
inconsistent performance," Yu told Caixin. "But my team realized that, 
if it's possible to control the ion jet for even one instant, there's a 
possibility that we can extend this control, and focus the jet 
consistently."<br />
<br />
Unlocking the secret would require many years of trial and error, Yu 
believed. Thus, the Chinese space program started giving more attention 
to electric propulsion.<br />
<br />
Interest has grown gradually. Only 20 people attended China's first 
National Electric Propulsion Conference at HIT in 2005. But 150 
scientific papers were submitted to the annual conference in 2016.<br />
<br />
In October 2012, China space-tested one Shijian-series satellite with a 
Kaufman thruster and another with a Hall-effect thruster. Each 
thruster's experiment lasted seven minutes.<br />
<br />
"Forty years of work went into those seven minutes," said Zhang Weiwen, 
director of the CAST Institute 510, whose scientists developed the 
thrusters.<br />
<br />
In 2015, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp. Institute 801 
researchers announced a breakthrough in Hall-effect technology. They 
said they had developed a thruster with a lifespan of 75,000 hours that 
could ignite 15,000 times and burn 18,000 hours without a break.<br />
<br />
The following year, Yu's team and CAST Institute 502 researchers said 
they had developed a Hall-effect thruster that would improve on its 
predecessor by up to 30 percent, the thruster's chief designer Mao Wei 
told the South China Morning Post. They called it the HEP-100MF.<br />

The November experiment, which was the first flight test for the 
HEP-100MF, has fueled confidence in China's propulsion technology and 
the space program's ability to rocket into deep space.<br />

"The technology for deep-space exploration already exists," Yu said. "All we need now is a go-ahead from the government."</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">EmDrive</span></b><br />
<br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVriK8yDGG2HNcye342KZDE-KtMSz0DjNkkrZq3oYcTUAk4xfhM4CJwsqL8v3xW60zaDhWXuPNrI7gluR0KoNBsCj11dxXC6ReMEU0YHFAM3JjBFzbHkHw880qpTnDZIj7yc8IaOCFpwoX/s640/emdrive.jpg" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVriK8yDGG2HNcye342KZDE-KtMSz0DjNkkrZq3oYcTUAk4xfhM4CJwsqL8v3xW60zaDhWXuPNrI7gluR0KoNBsCj11dxXC6ReMEU0YHFAM3JjBFzbHkHw880qpTnDZIj7yc8IaOCFpwoX/s640/emdrive.jpg" /><br />
<b>EmDrive and the propellentless Cannae drive</b><br />
<br />
CAST has held a press conference in Beijing explaining the 
importance of the EmDrive research and to move the technology forward.<br />
<br />
 EM Drive already on board its version of the International Space Station,<a href="http://www.nextbigfuture.com/2016/12/jerry-pournelle-talks-about-chinas.html" target="_blank"> the space laboratory Tiangong-2</a>.<br />
Chinese researchers have at least constructed an EM Drive and have been studying it for more than five years now.<br />

Chief designer of the CAST (China Academy of Space Technology) communication satellite division, Li Feng, 
told the media that so far their EM Drive only produces millinewtons of 
thrust (similar to NASA's version) and to make it functional, they need 
to get those levels up to between 100 millinewtons and 1 newton.<br />

The team is allegedly now working on the cavity design of the EM Drive 
and the position of the thruster, before testing their new versions on 
their satellites in orbit.<br />

Logically if an EMDrive was placed on Tiangong-2 and no thrust was 
produced in orbit, then the CAST team would probably not hold a
 press conference.<br />
If tiny thrust was produced
 in orbit and in a vacuum then further research would be pursued. 
Further research could still occur if thrust seemed to be produced on 
the ground but did not appear in orbital microgravity. <br />
"This technology is currently in the latter stages of the 
proof-of-principle phase, with the goal of making the technology 
available in satellite engineering as quickly as possible," Li Feng 
explained at the press conference.<br />

"Although it is difficult to do this, we have the confidence that we will succeed."<br />
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<br /></div>
</div>

Cutting-Edge Thruster Gives Space Program a Lift

The Shijian-17 satellite, loaded with the HEP-100MF thruster, is launched by a Long March 5 rocket in the Wenchang Satellite Launch Cen...

Global race in the development of metamaterials

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<img alt="A metamaterial testing facility. (Internet photo)" class="photo" height="379" src="http://www.wantchinatimes.com/newsphoto/2015-05-04/450/metamaterials-150233_copy1.jpg" style="border-width: 0px; display: block;" title="A metamaterial testing facility. (Internet photo)" width="640" /><div class="caption" style="color: #666666; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px;">
A metamaterial testing facility. (Internet photo)</div>
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<a href="http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?cid=1101&MainCatID=11&id=20150504000094" target="_blank">Global race in the development of metamaterials</a>, 
spearheading a new trend that is revolutionizing technology in fields 
ranging from telecommunications to aerospace, reports the overseas 
edition of the Communist Party mouthpiece People's Daily.</div>
</div>
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Metamaterials are defined as materials engineered to have properties that have not yet been found in nature. They are made from complex assemblies of multiple elements fashioned from conventional materials and derive their properties from their designed structure — such as shape, geometry, size, orientation and arrangement — as opposed to the properties of the base materials.</div>
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Appropriately designed metamaterials are capable of affecting light, radar, electromagnetic waves, sound waves and seismic waves. The diverse range of areas where metamaterial has potential applications include military, aerospace, ultrasonic sensors, infrastructure monitoring, public safety, telecommunications, high-gain antennas and minimizing earthquake damage.</div>
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Metamaterials rose to prominence in 2000, when a group of physicists led by David Smith from the University of California, San Diego used the technology to create an imperfect "invisibility cloak." However, explorations of artificial materials for manipulating electromagnetic waves actually began as early as the end of the 19th century, with Soviet physicist Victor Veselago achieving a breakthrough in 1968 for being being the first to theoretically describe negative index materials.</div>
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With the traditional reliance on high-performing materials becoming increasingly strained due to scarce resources, governments, scientific communities and industrial sectors of developed countries around the world have begun to attach great importance on the development of metamaterial technology.</div>
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The United States Department of Defense, for instance, has activated a metamaterial research project, while the country's six largest semiconductor companies including Intel, AMD and IBM, have also set up a joint fund to sponsor related research. The European Union has also assembled a team of more than 50 specialists in the field to conduct research and to provide funding support. Even Japan, despite its struggling economy, has launched at least two research projects related to metamaterial technology, with each pproject costing 3 billion yen (US$25 million).</div>
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Breakthroughs in the field have come from all across the globe. In the US, scientists have developed an elastic ceramic tube that can spring back after being squashed by up to 50%, which may prove useful in spacecraft or jet engines to replace metal shells. In Germany, scientists recently managed to make homogenous cylindrical objects completely invisible in the microwave range using metamaterials, which could go towards helping one day make stealth aircraft completely undetectable to military radars. French scientists have also used metamaterial technology to create earthquake "shields" that can deflect acoustic waves like those generated in an earthquake.</div>
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China's development in the metamaterials field has been more scattered, with the 863 Program (State High-Tech Development Plan), the 973 Program (National Basic Research Program) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China all receiving government funding to explore the technology.</div>
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There have been several Chinese metamaterial innovations hailed as breakthroughs. In 2009, physicists in China used metamaterials to create the first artificial electromagnetic black hole. Other achievements include advancements in stealth technology and creating the ability to observe negative refraction with sound waves.</div>
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Last month, the Terminology of Electromagnetic Metamaterials was submitted to the Standardization Administration of China (SAC) for approval, which would provide national standards for the application of metamaterials in the country for the very first time.</div>
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A prominent player in the market is Chinese prodigy Liu Ruopeng, who has a doctorate in electronic engineering from Duke University and was selected as a top-level 863 Program specialist in metamaterials at the age of 29. He currently serves as the president of the Shenzhen-based Kuang-Chi Institute of Advanced Technology and the chairman of KuangChi Science. Founded in 2010, Kuang-Chi has applied for more than 2,800 patents, 86% of which are linked to the metamaterials materials industry.</div>
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Kuang-Chi is responsible for the development of electromagnetic metamaterial antennas, which can launch energy into free space and has applications in wireless communication, space communications, GPS, satellites, space vehicle navigation and airplanes. Similar technology is only starting to be commercialized in the US this year, though Kuang-Chi already tested the technology in 22 Chinese provinces as early as three years ago.</div>
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China's advancements in the microstructure processing of metamaterials is also leading the field. Last year, a group led by professor Huang Xiaozhong from Huan province's Central South University used 3D printers to create a 18-millimeter piece of metamaterial with 100,000 physical units, which could represent a huge step forward in the fast-printing of stealth space aircraft and its replacement parts in the future.</div>
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The online database RnR Market Research estimates that the global market for metamaterials will grow at a healthy compund annual growth rate of over 41% over the next 10 years, reaching US$643 million by 2025. Applications in telecommunications are expected to dominate during this period, with sensing and optics tipped to emerge as the next big markets. Super lens, cloaking devices and absorbers are expected to be commercially available by 2019, 2022, and 2018 respectively, while emergence in the aerospace and defense sectors is expected by 2017.</div>
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<b>NASA ISAAC Robot Unveiled
</b><br />
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<b>Textron Systems - BattleHawk Squad-Level Loitering Munition Combat Simulation
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Global race in the development of metamaterials

A metamaterial testing facility. (Internet photo) Global race in the development of metamaterials , spearheading a new trend that is...

Minority Report-style technology 3D goggles virtual reality

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 id="ext-gen43">
<span style="font-size: large;">Generals will be able to direct battles using new 
Minority Report-style technology including 3D goggles and even virtual 
reality contact lenses</span></h1>
<ul class="mol-bullets-with-font">
<li class=""><span style="font-size: small;"><strong>With new technology, 3D images appear on screens showing live footage</strong></span></li>
<li class=""><span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Will enable generals to direct battles from a portable command centre</strong></span></li>
<li class=""><span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Prototype has already been built and could be introduced within five years</strong></span></li>
<li class=""><span style="font-size: small;"><strong>System also provides users with interactive gloves resembling those seen in the 2002 film Minority Report  </strong></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="author-section byline-plain">
<i>By

Thomas Burrows for <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3075485/Headsets-aid-military-commanders.html" target="_blank">MailOnline</a>

and 
Press Association</i>

</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Military
 generals will be able to direct battles and explore disaster zones in 
real time, which could radically alter the way battles are fought.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Rather
 than standing on the front line, commanders can order the deployment of
 troops from a portable command centre small enough to fit inside a 
briefcase.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 technology will enable generals to see the surroundings for themselves 
as 3D images pop up on virtual screens showing live footage from drones 
above the battleground.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">In addition, computer-generated advisers are on hand to offer tactical advice.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">They
 system also provides users with interactive gloves resembling those 
seen in the 2002 film Minority Report, where three mutants foresee all 
crime before it happens. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
    <div class="mol-img">
  <div class="image-wrap">
<img alt="With the new technology, military commanders wearing headsets will be able to explore the battlefield in 3D" class="blkBorder img-share" height="634" id="i-501aad5d5f46272e" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/05/10/16/2885123600000578-3075485-image-a-95_1431272963902.jpg" width="634" /></div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
With the new technology, military commanders wearing headsets will be able to explore the battlefield in 3D</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
    <div class="mol-img">
  <div class="image-wrap">
<img alt="Rather than being on the front line, commanders will be able to order the deployment of troops from anywhere" class="blkBorder img-share" height="634" id="i-73c88f05c1a54cb8" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/05/10/16/2885135300000578-3075485-image-a-96_1431273012758.jpg" width="634" /></div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
Rather than being on the front line, commanders will be able to order the deployment of troops from anywhere</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">BAE Systems and academics at Birmingham University have already built a prototype and it could be introduced within five years. </span></div>
<div>
<div class="related-carousel with-fb news half" data-track-module="am-related_carousel^related_carousel" data-track-pos="static" data-track-selector=".rotator-panels a:not([class*=external])" id="p-18">
 </div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">It is also hoped it could be used to tackle riots and counter terrorist attacks.  </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The system uses the Oculus 'Rift' headset that has been developed for the video games industry. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">It is expected to revolutionise the gaming industry when it is introduced next year. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
    <div class="mol-img">
  <div class="image-wrap">
<img alt="Computer-generated advisers are also on hand to offer tactical advice and issue situation reports" class="blkBorder img-share" height="606" id="i-10b49a1d6c177a" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/05/10/16/28850F1F00000578-3075485-Computer_generated_advisers_are_also_on_hand_to_offer_tactical_a-m-99_1431273257715.jpg" width="634" /></div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
Computer-generated advisers are also on hand to offer tactical advice and issue situation reports</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
    <div class="mol-img">
  <div class="image-wrap">
<img alt="The same reality technology has been used to create a 'wearable cockpit' for combat aircraft that BAE hope could be in use within a decade" class="blkBorder img-share" height="333" id="i-22174edebf2e3ad3" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/05/10/16/288513AA00000578-3075485-image-a-97_1431273069262.jpg" width="634" /></div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
The same reality technology has been 
used to create a 'wearable cockpit' for combat aircraft that BAE hope 
could be in use within a decade</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Nick
 Colosimo, futurist at BAE Systems, said: 'We're already seeing virtual 
and augmented reality becoming more commonplace in consumer products, 
and the possibilities it offers the armed forces are hugely exciting. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'Our
 unique approach will identify the optimal balance between the real 
world and the virtual - enhancing the user's situational awareness to 
provide battle-winning and life-saving tools and insights wherever they 
may be.'</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The same technology has also been used to create a 'wearable cockpit' for combat aircraft that could be in use within a decade. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">This would see augmented images replace physical images and controls in combat aircraft. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Professor
 Bob Stone, simulation and human factors specialist at the University of
 Birmingham said: 'Being able to physically manipulate virtual objects 
in the real world has been challenging scientists for 40 years. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'Since
 my first virtual reality experience at NASA nearly 30 years ago, the 
technology has evolved from the primitive head-mounted displays and 
computers to today's world where we can interact with complex virtual 
objects, integrated in real-time with real-world scenarios </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span id="ext-gen44" style="font-size: 1.2em;">BAE
 said headsets could be replaced within 20 years by contact lenses that 
would project the 3D images and information screens directly in front of
 their eyes.   </span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<br /></div>
<br /></div>

Minority Report-style technology 3D goggles virtual reality

Generals will be able to direct battles using new Minority Report-style technology including 3D goggles and even virtual reality contact...

World first in revolutionary rail gun technology

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<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="https://cdn2.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/980x551/public/images/methode/2018/02/06/bbae7704-0a53-11e8-a09e-8861893b1b1a_1280x720_214826.jpg?itok=An4TpGhZ" src="https://cdn2.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/980x551/public/images/methode/2018/02/06/bbae7704-0a53-11e8-a09e-8861893b1b1a_1280x720_214826.jpg?itok=An4TpGhZ" /><br />
<br />
Photographs surface of ship-mounted electromagnetic weapon that could 
one day supersede traditional explosives with greater power, speed, range and accuracy.  <br />
<br />
China is believed to be testing the world’s first ship-mounted rail gun,
 a technology that military experts say has the potential to fire shells
 with enough force to destroy a warship and precision to shoot down a 
satellite.<br />
The controversial development comes as China seeks to transform its navy
 into a blue-water force capable of rivalling the United States and 
projecting power far from home shores.<br />
Photographs of a rail gun mounted on a warship docked in Wuhan, Hubei 
province, have surfaced on Chinese military websites in the last week, 
indicating the People’s Liberation Army Navy is testing the 
electromagnetic weapon and has been able to make it more compact.<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzBPae1Ch4ynlS_zj7m5XOWKP2bt9Ley44YPX5vSJPzhV-2LruwTR1FSh5-J8Gmm88F81ik8MuD5fhqP5PhphkN0xbYJTYHSG7XfqItBqna9adfYL0XnhJ-16uiGwCX0rmqbW6pT7x4zs/s1600/1243d85c-0b21-11e8-a09e-8861893b1b1a_972x_214826.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="967" data-original-width="972" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzBPae1Ch4ynlS_zj7m5XOWKP2bt9Ley44YPX5vSJPzhV-2LruwTR1FSh5-J8Gmm88F81ik8MuD5fhqP5PhphkN0xbYJTYHSG7XfqItBqna9adfYL0XnhJ-16uiGwCX0rmqbW6pT7x4zs/s1600/1243d85c-0b21-11e8-a09e-8861893b1b1a_972x_214826.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
Rail guns fire shells using electromagnetic force rather than 
traditional explosive propulsion systems. They are designed to fire the 
projectiles with more accuracy and power and over a longer range, but 
are also extremely expensive.<br />
<br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="https://cdn3.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/images/methode/2018/02/06/b87fa562-0a53-11e8-a09e-8861893b1b1a_1320x770_214826.jpeg" src="https://cdn3.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/images/methode/2018/02/06/b87fa562-0a53-11e8-a09e-8861893b1b1a_1320x770_214826.jpeg" /><br />
<br />
The US has researched and tested rail guns for years, with prototypes 
firing projectiles at up to 7,800km/hour over a 150km range. The cost of
 the projectiles was reportedly US$1 million per round.<br />
But the Chinese device appears to be the first mounted on a ship.<br />
The rail gun uses electromagnetic technology known as IEPS that state 
media confirmed last year would power China’s first home-grown aircraft 
carrier.<br />
The system was developed by a team headed by decorated PLA naval 
engineer Rear Admiral Ma Weiming, who told state broadcaster CCTV in 
July that his ultimate goal was to install weapons such as rail guns on 
the carrier.<br />
<br />
China’s state-run <i>Science and Technology Daily</i> reported on Monday
 that the cutting-edge technology would be deployed on the Type-055, the
 country’s biggest guided-missile destroyer designed as part of future 
aircraft carrier battle groups.<br />
But sources close to Chinese military told the <i>South China Morning Post</i> that the destroyer’s propulsion system and internal design were not suited for the rail gun.<br />
The gun in the photographs was installed on a Type-072 landing ship refitted to house the bulky electrical equipment.<br />
<br />
Song Zhongping, military commentator and former member of the PLA’s 
Second Artillery Corps, said future generations of the destroyer could 
be fitted with the weapon down the track.<br />
Song said China was closing the gap with the US and it was possible that
 China could eventually abandon explosives in favour of electromagnetic 
systems.<br />
“China has spared no effort to catch up the US’ electromagnetic 
technology, to turn the new technology into an all-purpose propulsion 
system for wide use in ship-mounted weapons and maglev trains and even 
to replace rockets to launch satellites into the space,” he said.<br />
“The leaked photos show China is now not only catching up to the US in 
ship-borne rail gun technology, but may surpass the US in next five to 
10 years. This is because the US needs more time to approve budgets 
while China’s political system allows it to put more funding into 
special projects.”<br />
<br />
The US Naval Institute reported last month that the US Navy scrapped 
plans in 2016 to buy 2,000 rail gun projectiles but would continue to 
monitor new technologies that could be incorporated into its existing 
systems.<br />
<br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="https://cdn4.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/images/methode/2018/02/06/f34c9de4-0a53-11e8-a09e-8861893b1b1a_1320x770_214826.JPG" src="https://cdn4.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/images/methode/2018/02/06/f34c9de4-0a53-11e8-a09e-8861893b1b1a_1320x770_214826.JPG" /><br />Photographs surface of ship-mounted electromagnetic weapon that could 
one day supersede traditional explosives with greater power, speed, range and accuracy   <br />
<br />
Beijing-based military analyst Zhou Chenming said the purchase stalled 
because of the expensive technology’s low return on investment.<br />
“The US is hesitating because the cost of the new weapon’s development 
is huge, while its practicability is debatable,” Zhou said.<br />
“Proponents argue that [rail guns] can hit targets several thousand 
kilometres away guided by the space-based Global Positioning System. But
 [the US] air force can hit long-range targets easily by dropping cruise
 missiles from their stealth bombers or fighters, something that is much
 more cost-effective.”<br />
<br />
Military insiders said the high cost of and Ma’s involvement in the Chinese rail gun project also made it contentious.<br />
“The decision to develop the costly electromagnetic rail gun also 
provoked debate because so far only Ma and his team are the only 
electromagnetic experts developing it,” one insider said.<br />
“But Ma’s team has the backing of the leadership and that is also the 
reason why the electromagnetic technology has been developed so fast in 
China.”<br />
Last year Chinese President Xi Jinping awarded Ma, 57, the country’s highest military honour, the Order of August 1.<br />
<br />
<i>This <a href="http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2132263/chinas-military-fires-world-first-revolutionary-rail" target="_blank">article</a> appeared in the South China Morning Post print edition 
as: China aims for the first hi-tech rail gun mounted on warship</i><br />
<br /></div>

World first in revolutionary rail gun technology

Photographs surface of ship-mounted electromagnetic weapon that could one day supersede traditional explosives with greater power, speed...

Beijing pumping billions into the development of ‘molten salt’ reactors

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   <a class="twitter-hashtag pretty-link js-nav" data-query-source="hashtag_click" dir="ltr" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/MoltenSaltReactor?src=hash"><b>Molten Salt Reactor</b></a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Beijing <a href="http://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2122977/china-hopes-cold-war-nuclear-energy-tech-will-power-warships" target="_blank">pumping billions</a> into the development of ‘molten salt’ reactors,
 amid revived interest among nations in the potentially safer and more 
powerful technology.</b><br />
<br />
China is to spend 22 billion yuan (US$3.3 billion) trying to perfect a 
form of technology largely discarded in the cold war which could produce
 a safer but more powerful form of nuclear energy.<br />
<br />
The cash is to develop two “molten salt” reactors in the Gobi Desert in northern China.
Researchers hope that if they can solve a number
 of technical problems the reactors will lead to a range of 
applications, including nuclear-powered warships and drones.
<br />
<div class="v2-processed">
The technology, in theory, can create more heat 
and power than existing forms of nuclear reactors that use uranium, 
while producing only one thousandth of the radioactive waste.</div>
<div class="v2-processed">
It also has the advantage for China of using 
thorium as its main fuel. China has some of the world’s largest reserves
 of the metal.</div>
<br />
<div class="v2-processed">
China is not alone in trying to revive the 
technology because of the potential benefits. Companies in the United 
States are working in the field, while Japan, Russia and France have all
 expressed renewed interest in the technology.</div>
<div class="v2-processed">
<br /></div>
<div class="v2-processed">
The Chinese project has been funded by the 
central government and the two reactors are to be built at Wuwei in 
Gansu province, according to a statement on the website of the Chinese 
Academy of Sciences. The lead scientist on the project is Jiang Mianheng
 – the son of the former Chinese president Jiang Zemin – and it is hoped
 the reactors will be up and running by 2020.</div>
<div class="v2-processed">
<br /></div>
<div class="v2-processed image no-float">
<span class="image-caption-container image-caption-container-none" style="clear: none; display: inline-block; float: none; width: 660px;"><span class="image-caption hover-processed" style="display: block;"></span></span></div>
<div class="v2-processed">
The US air force built a 2.5-megawatt molten 
salt reactor in the 1950s as part of a programme to develop 
nuclear-powered aircraft engines.</div>
<div class="v2-processed">
The reactors use molten salt rather than water 
as a coolant, allowing them to create temperatures of over 800 degrees 
Celsius, nearly three times the heat produced by a commercial nuclear 
plant fuelled with uranium. The superhot air had the potential to drive 
turbines and jet engines and in theory keep a bomber flying at 
supersonic speed for days.</div>
<div class="v2-processed">
<br /></div>
<div class="v2-processed">
The US project was shelved in the 1970s. 
Problems were encountered trying to reduce the size and weight of the 
reactor, and there were public concerns over the safety of the 
technology when placed in an aircraft.</div>
<div class="v2-processed">
Another problem was the erosion to pipes and the reactor chamber caused by the hot salt used in the fission process.</div>
<div class="v2-processed">
<br /></div>
<div class="v2-processed">
Yan Long, a researcher involved in the Chinese 
project at the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, said the Gansu 
facility might eventually help China develop a thorium-powered warship 
or aircraft.</div>
<div class="v2-processed">
He said it was now possible to build a very 
small molten salt reactor and that after years of research and 
government funding, scientists had developed special alloy and coating 
materials to prevent chemical corrosion.</div>
<div class="v2-processed">
The reactors in Gansu were designed to demonstrate the feasibility of the technology, he said.</div>
<div class="v2-processed">
<br /></div>
<div class="v2-processed image no-float">
<span class="image-caption-container image-caption-container-none" style="clear: none; display: inline-block; float: none; width: 660px;"><img class="caption lazyload-processed magic-processed loaded" data-ignore="true" data-original="https://cdn1.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/images/methode/2017/12/05/4e5468d6-d997-11e7-91af-f34de211f924_1320x770_221025.JPG" data-resolution="2" src="https://cdn1.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/images/methode/2017/12/05/4e5468d6-d997-11e7-91af-f34de211f924_1320x770_221025.JPG" style="height: 385px; width: 660px;" title="The Convair NB-36H Peacemaker experimental aircraft was part of the US’s Nuclear Aircraft Programme in the 1950s. Photo: Wikimedia Commons" /><span class="image-caption hover-processed" style="display: block;"></span></span></div>
<div class="v2-processed">
<span class="image-caption-container image-caption-container-none" style="clear: none; display: inline-block; float: none; width: 660px;"><span class="image-caption hover-processed active" style="display: block;">The
 Convair NB-36H Peacemaker experimental aircraft was part of the US’s 
Nuclear Aircraft Programme in the 1950s. Photo: Wikimedia Commons</span></span><br />
<span class="image-caption-container image-caption-container-none" style="clear: none; display: inline-block; float: none; width: 660px;"><span class="image-caption hover-processed" style="display: block;"></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="v2-processed">
The research facility in Gansu will be built by a lake with high salt levels, according to the project blueprints.</div>
<div class="v2-processed">
Both reactors will be underground and the heat 
they generate will reach 12 megawatts. The heat will be channelled to a 
power generation plant, several factories and a desalination plant by 
the lake to produce electricity, hydrogen, industrial chemicals, 
drinking water and minerals.</div>
<div class="v2-processed">
<br /></div>
<div class="v2-processed">
After the experiment, China may move on to commercial or military use of the technology on a larger scale, Yan said.</div>
<div class="v2-processed">
“We are now developing new materials for 
warships. The materials must come with relatively low cost for mass 
production and they must be compact and light, otherwise the reactor 
won’t fit in a ship,” he said.</div>
<div class="v2-processed link">
<br /></div>
<div class="v2-processed">
Chen Fu, a thermal physicist at the Harbin 
Institute of Technology involved in the development of new power 
generation systems for China’s navy, said the heat generated by a 
thorium molten salt reactor could be perfect to help generate power on a
 warship.</div>
<div class="v2-processed">
“It should be able to generate enough electricity for propulsion and electric equipment on an aircraft carrier,” he said.</div>
<div class="v2-processed">
<br /></div>
<div class="v2-processed">
Chen said the higher the temperature, the higher
 the power generation efficiency – a thorium-powered carrier could 
operate faster and longer than existing carriers using uranium as fuel.</div>
<div class="v2-processed">
“But the ship will need a very different 
structure to accommodate the new power source. It will be a difficult 
and tricky job because the rest of the ship must be strengthened to 
handle the increased power,” he said.</div>
<div class="v2-processed">
<br /></div>
<div class="v2-processed image no-float">
<span class="image-caption-container image-caption-container-none" style="clear: none; display: inline-block; float: none; width: 486px;"><img class="caption lazyload-processed magic-processed loaded" data-ignore="true" data-original="https://cdn2.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/images/methode/2017/12/05/8543a040-d9a2-11e7-91af-f34de211f924_972x_221025.JPG" data-resolution="2" height="640" src="https://cdn2.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/images/methode/2017/12/05/8543a040-d9a2-11e7-91af-f34de211f924_972x_221025.JPG" title="An artist’s impression of the proposed facility. Photo: Handout" width="615" /><span class="image-caption hover-processed" style="display: block;"></span></span></div>
<div class="v2-processed">
Artist <a href="http://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2122977/china-hopes-cold-war-nuclear-energy-tech-will-power-warships" target="_blank">impression</a> of the molten salt reactor.</div>
<div class="v2-processed">
<br /></div>
<div class="v2-processed">
A military drone researcher in Beijing said a 
molten salt reactor could be used on a new generation of large, 
endurance drones operating at very high altitudes because it could be 
made very small and its operation did not require water.</div>
<div class="v2-processed">
<br /></div>
<div class="v2-processed">
“These drones would stay aloft over the oceans 
such as the Pacific. They would serve as a platform for surveillance, 
communication or weapon delivery to deter nuclear and other threats from
 hostile countries,” said the researcher, who asked not to be named.</div>
<div class="v2-processed">
<br /></div>
<div class="v2-processed">
“A nuclear-powered drone may be technically more
 feasible than manned aircraft because it does not require building a 
cockpit with lead to protect the human crew from radiation. It will also
 have more public acceptance. If an accident happens, it crashes into 
the sea,” the person said.</div>
<div class="v2-processed link">
<br /></div>
<div class="v2-processed">
Yan said, however, that the aircraft research 
project still faced many challenges. To mount a reactor on an aircraft 
would require ultralight, super-strong materials which were still under 
development in the laboratory.</div>
<div class="v2-processed">
“This is where the Americans have failed,” he said.</div>
<br /></div>

Beijing pumping billions into the development of ‘molten salt’ reactors

Molten Salt Reactor Beijing pumping billions into the development of ‘molten salt’ reactors, amid revived interest among nations...

Shanghai to San Francisco in 100 minutes by supersonic submarine

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<br />
<br />
China
 has moved a step closer to creating a supersonic submarine that could 
travel from Shanghai to San Francisco in less than two hours.<br />
<img alt="" class="lazyload-processed" data-original="https://www.scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/486w/public/2014/08/24/n2.gif?itok=Ss7Mpfmk" src="https://www.scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/486w/public/2014/08/24/n2.gif?itok=Ss7Mpfmk" style="display: block; float: right; height: 180px; width: 180px;" />New
 technology developed by a team of scientists at Harbin Institute of 
Technology's Complex Flow and Heat Transfer Lab has made it easier for a
 submarine, or torpedo, to travel at extremely high speeds underwater.<br />
Li Fengchen, professor of fluid machinery and engineering, said the 
team's innovative approach meant they could now create the complicated 
air "bubble" required for rapid underwater travel. "We are very excited 
by its potential," he said.<br />
Water produces more friction, or drag, on an object than air, which 
means conventional submarines cannot travel as fast as an aircraft.<br />
However, during the cold war, the Soviet military developed a 
technology called supercavitation, which involves enveloping a submerged
 vessel inside an air bubble to avoid problems caused by water drag.<br />
A Soviet supercavitation torpedo called Shakval was able to reach a 
speed of 370km/h or more - much faster than any other conventional 
torpedoes.<br />
In theory, a supercavitating vessel could reach the speed of sound 
underwater, or about 5,800km/h, which would reduce the journey time for a
 transatlantic underwater cruise to less than an hour, and for a 
transpacific journey to about 100 minutes, according to a report by 
California Institute of Technology in 2001.<br />
However, supercavitation technology has faced two major problems. 
First, the submerged vessel has needed to be launched at high speeds, 
approaching 100km/h, to generate and maintain the air bubble.<br />
Second, it is extremely difficult - if not impossible - to steer the 
vessel using conventional mechanisms, such as a rudder, which are inside
 the bubble without any direct contact with water.<br />
As a result, its application has been limited to unmanned vessels, 
such as torpedoes, but nearly all of these torpedoes were fired in a 
straight line because they had limited ability to turn.<br />
Li said the team of Chinese scientists had found an innovative means of addressing both problems.<br />
Once in the water, the team's supercavitation vessel would constantly
 "shower" a special liquid membrane on its own surface. Although this 
membrane would be worn off by water, in the meantime it could 
significantly reduce the water drag on the vessel at low speed.<br />
After its speed had reached 75km/h or more the vessel would enter the
 supercavitation state. The man-made liquid membrane on the vessel 
surface could help with steering because, with precise control, 
different levels of friction could be created on different parts of the 
vessel.<br />
"Our method is different from any other approach, such as vector 
propulsion," or thrust created by an engine, Li said. "By combining 
liquid-membrane technology with supercavitation, we can significantly 
reduce the launch challenges and make cruising control easier."<br />
However, Li said many problems still needed to be solved before 
supersonic submarine travel became feasible. Besides the control issue, a
 powerful underwater rocket engine still had to be developed to give the
 vessel a longer range. The effective range of the Russian 
supercavitation torpedoes, for example, was only between 11 km and 15 
km.<br />
Li said the supercavitation technology was not limited only to 
military use. In future, it could benefit civilian underwater transport,
 or water sports such as swimming.<br />
"If a swimsuit can create and hold many tiny bubbles in water, it can
 significantly reduce the water drag; swimming in water could be as 
effortless as flying in the sky," he said.<br />
Besides Russia, countries such as Germany, Iran and the United States
 have been developing vessels or weapons using supercavitation 
technology.<br />
Professor Wang Guoyu, the head of the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory at 
Beijing Institute of Technology who is leading another state-funded 
research project on supercavitation, said the global research community 
had been troubled for decades by the lack of innovative ideas to address
 the huge scientific and engineering challenges.<br />
"The size of the bubble is difficult to control, and the vessel is 
almost impossible to steer," he said. While cruising at high speed 
during supercavitation, a fin could be snapped off if it touched the 
water because of the liquid's far greater density.<br />
Despite many scientists worldwide working on similar projects, the 
latest progress remains unclear because they are regarded as military 
secrets.<br />
Wang, a member of the water armament committee of the China Society 
of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, said even he had been kept in 
the dark about recent supercavitation developments in China.<br />
"The primary drive still comes from the military, so most research projects are shrouded in secrecy," he said.<br />
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SCMP : Shanghai to San Francisco in 100 minutes 
by supersonic submarine.</div>
</div>
</div>
<br /></div>

Shanghai to San Francisco in 100 minutes by supersonic submarine

China has moved a step closer to creating a supersonic submarine that could travel from Shanghai to San Francisco in less than two ...

CCTV reported that the catapult being tested to launch aircraft

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<img alt="exchange_7_1.png" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="640" src="http://defence.pk/attachments/exchange_7_1-png.200572/" width="636" /><br />
<br />
 <img alt="3dd85d5bg9e40024d75ed&690.jpg" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="349" src="http://defence.pk/attachments/3dd85d5bg9e40024d75ed-690-jpg.200573/" width="640" />
<br />
<br />
The middle pic left+above the blue workshop is 2008 dug, long trench is a steam catapult, the military has approved.<br />
right below the test site in 2012 and again in 2014 a new trench dug, 
the pict shows the project has been completed, this is obviously the 
electromagnetic launcher.
<br />
<br />
<br />
Taipei, 2015/03/06 (CNA) <span style="color: blue;">A recently unveiled 
satellite photo showing China testing an aircraft carrier launch system 
has led experts to believe China has made a breakthrough in the design 
of its catapult system</span>.<br />
<br />
China's CCTV reported that <span style="color: blue;">the catapult 
being tested to help planes take off quickly is more efficient than the 
"ski-jump" ramp used to launch aircraft on China's first carrier</span>, the Liaoning.<br />
<br />
The report said the catapult enables aircraft to be launched quickly, upgrading their combat efficiency.<br />
<br />
Li Li (李莉), a military expert in China, said catapult takeoff device 
technology is currently dominated by the United States. But if the 
satellite photo is true, it means that China has "made a groundbreaking 
and strategic breakthrough" in aircraft carrier technology.<br />
<br />
Li said both steam and electromagnetic catapults are used to launch 
aircraft, with the United States the first country to use the 
electromagnetic launch system.<br />
<br />
Steam catapults have their limitations, Li said, while electromagnetic 
catapults enable planes to take off without worrying about weather 
conditions and are therefore more strategically significant.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;">The recently unveiled satellite photo showed a catapult track and auxiliary experimental equipment</span>, which Cao Weidong (曹衛東), a researcher at the People's Liberation Army's Naval Research Institute, analyzed <span style="color: blue;">could be used as an experimental platform for steam and electromagnetic catapults</span>.<br />
<br />
He said China is developing catapults to promote the development of its aircraft carriers, explaining that <span style="color: blue;">the currently used ramp system cannot launch early warning fixed-wing aircraft</span>, restraining its combat capabilities.<br />
<br />
Cao said China will not only build an aircraft carrier, but also upgrade
 the ship's combat capabilities, including making use of a catapult, 
which has become the trend among aircraft carriers.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;">If China has sufficient funds and the right
 technology, the aircraft carriers it manufactures will adopt 
electromagnetic aircraft launch systems, Cao said</span>.<br />
<br />
(by Yin Chun-chieh and Lilian Wu)
<br />
------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
</h2>
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
China’s Electromagnetic Catapult More Advanced than US</h2>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
Mil.huanqiu.com says in its report today that according to Hong Kong Commercial Daily, China’s catapult for takeoff of carrier-based aircrafts is entirely problem free in technology. It is even better than that of the US.<br />
<br />
Outsiders are very much interested whether China’s first homegrown aircraft carrier will adopt ski-jump takeoff like that of the Liaoning or the most advanced electromagnetic catapult assisted takeoff. If the catapult is used, a carrier-based fighter jet may have much longer range and carry much more weapons.<br />
<br />
Major General Ma Weiming, the inventor of China’s electromagnetic catapult, pointed out that lots of practices have proved that there were no problems at all in China’s catapult technology. He is confident that the catapult can be used.<br />
<br />
General Ma has won quite a few National Science and Technology Progress Awards first class and is regarded by outsiders as a “national treasure” in military technology.<br />
<br />
At reporters’ repeated questions whether China’s homegrown aircraft carrier will use electromagnetic catapult, he pointed at the one star on his uniform and said with a smile that he was only a technical general in charge of research and development of the technology that can be used. Only PLA top management can decide which technology should be used.<br />
<br />
<i>Source: mil.huanqiu.com “Hong Kong media: Major general discloses that China’s electromagnetic catapult not less but even more advanced than that of the US” </i><br />
------------------------</div>
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<br />
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Brazilian Navy : <i>São Paulo</i> aircraft carrier</b></span><br />
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<i>São Paulo</i> is a <i>Clemenceau</i>-class aircraft carrier currently in service with the Brazilian Navy. The <i>São Paulo</i> was first commissioned in 1963 by the French Navy as the <i>Foch</i>
 and was transferred in 2000 to Brazil, where she became the new 
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In December 2014 it was announced that <i>São Paulo</i> will be expected to continue active service until 2039, at which time the vessel will be nearly 80 years old<b>.</b></div>
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CCTV reported that the catapult being tested to launch aircraft

The middle pic left+above the blue workshop is 2008 dug, long trench is a steam catapult, the military has approved. right below t...

Errymath