Though it may come as a surprise to many, debates surrounding
extraterrestrial invasion are not restricted to the UFO community and
Hollywood. In recent years, mainstream science and even the US defense
establishment have openly discussed ‘falling skies’ scenarios and what
humanity might do to repel potential alien aggressors.
The late, great Sir Stephen Hawking was perhaps the most high-profile
individual to warn of the potential dangers of extraterrestrial
contact. In April 2010, Hawking made
international news
by stating his firm belief that humanity should seek to avoid any form
of interaction with aliens. In an episode of the Discovery Channel’s
Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking,
the professor said: “If aliens ever visit us, I think the outcome would
be much as when Christopher Columbus first landed in America, which
didn’t turn out very well for the American Indians.” Hawking suggested
that aliens “might exist in massive ships, having used up all the
resources from their home planet” and would perhaps be “looking to
conquer and colonize whatever planets they can reach.”
Hawking’s anti-alien comments captured the attention of Hollywood
and, later that same year, were incorporated into the marketing campaign
for the alien invasion blockbuster,
Skyline
(2010). The trailer for the film begins with bold text against a cosmic
backdrop, reading: “On 28 August 2009, NASA sent a message into space
farther than we ever thought possible in an effort to reach
extraterrestrial life.”
This is true. On the date specified, the Australian government, through its “
Hello from Earth”
science initiative, and with the help of NASA, sent some 26,000
carefully vetted messages from the public to the extra-solar Earth-like
planet Gliese 581d in a single transmission. This proactive approach to
alien contact, known as METI (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence),
differs from the traditional passive approach favored by SETI (Search
for Extraterrestrial Intelligence), which devotes its efforts simply to
listening for any potential incoming alien signals. Stephen Hawking was
not a fan of the METI approach as he considered it unwise to knowingly
alert our presence in the galaxy to any technologically superior
civilizations.
In a bid to blur fact and fantasy for viral marketing purposes,
Skyline
made use of Hawking’s comments in its trailer, which featured well
known American newsreaders—including Dan Rather—citing the famed
professor on the potential dangers of extraterrestrial contact. The
trailer then cuts to panoramic views of an American city being
obliterated by dozens of the “massive ships” to which Hawking had
referred. Against a black screen, and again referring to the professor’s
warning, bold text then reads: “Maybe we should have listened.”
Skyline wasn’t the only movie to draw inspiration from METI
initiative, or from Hawking’s dire warnings against phoning E.T. The
2012 movie,
Battleship,
opens with a scene in which NASA prepares to transmit a signal to the
Gliese system, exactly as the space agency had done in real life
two-years prior. In the movie, a wise-cracking scientist paraphrases
Stephen Hawking, quipping, “it’s going to be like Columbus and the
Indians—only we’re the Indians.” But the signal is sent anyway, and NASA
gives itself a hearty pat on the back. Needless to say, alien contact
ensues, and it ain’t pretty.
In April 2012, a month before the release of
Battleship in
American cinemas, Professor Paul Springer of the US Air Command and
Staff College was granted special clearance by his employers at the
Pentagon to discuss how the military would respond in the event of an
alien invasion. Springer’s comments were aired in a televised interview
for Australia’s Channel 9.
When asked by his interviewer exactly how an alien invasion might unfold, Springer replied:
“That really depends on why they are here in the first
place. If they are here for the extraction of a specific resource, for
example, they might just want to eliminate any resistance that might
block them from their objective. If, on the other hand, their goal was
actual occupation and conquest, then they would probably have to
prioritize anything they perceive as a threat to their own dominance.
So, they would probably start by wiping out as many communications
networks as possible and eliminating as many weapons that might
represent some form of threat either to them, or to the resources they
are trying to extract.”
However, any plans the Pentagon may have drawn to fight-off evil
aliens are almost certainly in vein. If any aliens out there do harbor
plans for invasion, it is probable that their tactics and technology
would make any resistance on our part entirely futile. “If they are
hostile,”
warns Professor Michio Kaku,
“it would be like Bambi meeting Godzilla if we ever had to fight them…
we would present no military challenge to such an advanced civilization…
We would be a pushover for them. Forget all the Hollywood movies.”
In my book,
Silver Screen Saucers,
I take Hollywood to task for its simplistic, pumped-up depictions of
how an interstellar civilization might invade our planet. If aliens
should ever decide to attack Earth for its natural resources (water,
minerals, human DNA, etc.), it seems unlikely in the extreme that they
would opt for the scorched earth approach depicted in the likes of
War of the Worlds and
Independence Day.
Actually, it seems improbable that the aliens would launch air strikes
at all, let alone anything so messy as the ground invasions seen in,
say,
Falling Skies or
Battle: Los Angeles. Any tactics
that would provoke a military response from Earth’s leaders would
probably result in damage to the very resources the aliens are seeking
to acquire, especially if weapons of mass destruction are used by either
side.
Even if the aliens’ goal is simply to eradicate humanity, direct
engagement with our military forces would likely be entirely
unnecessary. Many UFO movies depict aliens using psychic forces to harm
or control those around them—but if real aliens have developed advanced
psychic abilities, might they be able to use these on a mass scale? If
so, our psychically puny species would be conquered within a matter of
hours, or instantly, even.
Possible psychic abilities aside, advanced ETs might very well have
psychotronic and psychotropic weapons with which to attack the mind, or
even weapons that target specific parts of the body, both external and
internal—even the heart or brain—causing targets to fall down dead en
masse, and all without inflicting so much as a scratch on the skin.
There would be no resistance from us, and minimal effort on their part.
For Hollywood’s purposes, however, such scenarios are utterly lacking in
spectacle and drama.
In his later years, Stephen Hawking remained firm in his stance that
the universe is likely teeming with life, some of it intelligent, but he
was less optimistic about the inherent benevolence of advanced ET
civilizations, believing that advanced technology does not necessarily
go hand-in-hand with moral and ethical enlightenment.
Jill Tarter, former Director of SETI.
Before Hawking died, former SETI director Jill Tarter (the real-life
Ellie Arroway from Contact) voiced her disagreement with the Cambridge
professor about the probable nature of any future alien contact
scenarios. Tarter also advised the public to disregard Hollywood
entirely as an even remotely realistic representation of what to expect
on contact day. “Often the aliens of science fiction say more about us
than they do about themselves,” Tarter remarked on the
SETI website
in 2012. “While Sir Stephen Hawking warned that alien life might try to
conquer or colonize Earth, I respectfully disagree. If aliens were able
to visit Earth that would mean they would have technological
capabilities sophisticated enough not to need slaves, food, or other
planets. If aliens were to come here it would be simply to explore.”
Tarter added: “Considering the age of the universe, we probably
wouldn’t be their first extraterrestrial encounter, either. We should
look at movies like
Men in Black,
Prometheus and
Battleship as great entertainment and metaphors for our own fears, but we should not consider them harbingers of alien visitation.”