Errymath: Search results for science

First-ever manned jetpacks for commercial use ready

The product got its commercial launch at this former boomtown in 
Guangdong province with a flight over a manmade lake surrounded by a 
country park, malls and hotels that had its operator towering several 
dozen metres above ground.<br />

Local media hailed this as yet another high-profile example of 
Shenzhen’s - and by extension China’s - rapidly growing technological 
prowess.<br />
<br />
“It’s amazing to see a made-in-China jetpack. I’m so proud,” said local resident Wendy Liu.<br />
The manned jetpack is backed by Kuang-Chi Science, a Hong Kong-listed
 but Shenzhen-based firm that specialises in emerging technology. It is 
owned by Liu Ruopeng, a man who has been dubbed the “Elon Musk of China”
 in homage to the brains behind Tesla’s electric cars and SpaceX.<br />
<br />
However, the jetpack was created by New Zealander Glenn Martin, who 
conceived and developed the project in 1981. Martin Aircraft Company was
 set up nearly two decades later in 1998, and in 2010 the world’s first 
practical jetpack was named among <i>Time</i> magazine’s Top 50 inventions for the year.<br />
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Kuang-Chi Science acquired a controlling 52 per cent share in the 
company earlier this year, after which it said it improved on the 
jetpack’s original design.<br />
The company now expects to deliver its first batch of orders next 
year. They are likely to retail for around 1.6 million yuan (US$ 250,000)
 apiece, it said.<br />
<br />
After the fire department of Dubai ordered 20 units last month, a 
bigger shipment totalling 100 manned jetpacks and 20 simulators are all 
destined for mainland China, according to the company.<br />
Kuang-Chi Science has also established its so-called Iron Man Club in
 Shenzhen as part of plans to attract wealthy individuals from all over 
China to come and personally experience the jetpack.<br />
The jetpack relies on a gasoline engine to drive twin ducted fans, 
which together produce sufficient thrust to get the product and pilot 
airborne and keep them there for a reasonable “flight” time.
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During its debut, the flight lasted just over five minutes. In tests,
 however, it has proved itself able to carry commercial payloads of up 
to 120 kilogrammes with a maximum flight time of 45 minutes at speeds of
 up to 80kph, the company said.<br />
<br />
It can operate close to or between buildings, near trees and in 
confined spaces where other aircraft are unable to go, the company said,
 adding that it has a wide range of potential uses including in search 
and rescue attempts, as well as other military, recreational and 
commercial applications.<br />
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<i>SCMP : Another giant leap for China: First-ever manned jetpacks for commercial use ready to ship in 2016 as Martin Jetpack launches in Shenzhen</i><br />
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First-ever manned jetpacks for commercial use ready

The demonstration in Shenzhen last weekend attracted about 2,000 onlookers. Photo: Handout Hong Kong-listed Kuang-Chi Science boug...

Hybrid Hypersonic Spaceplane Could Reset The 21st Century Space Race

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China is developing a perspective hybrid reusable space vehicle that will combine three different kinds of engine technologies, reported <i>CCTV.</i><br /><br />Namely, the new ship that is being developed as a “combination powered aircraft” will rely on an indigenous turbine, ramjet and rocket engines to power the spaceship in different phases of the flight into space. Such technology, China hopes will make orbit traveling that will span between dozens to hundreds of kilometers from the Earth much cheaper.<br /><br />The idea envisions that the combination of engines will allow the aircraft to take off like an airplane and land at an airport facility, saving costs by getting rid of the expenses associated with the space launch facility.<br /><br />Scientists believe that they are capable of producing an aircraft that will take off at low speed using a high-performance aviation turbine engine or air-breathing rocket engine. After reaching a certain speed, supersonic combustion ramjet engine will kick allowing the vehicle to reach the upper atmosphere where the rocket engine will be used to break through Earth’s gravity.<br /><br />“We have made a long-term plan of taking about three to five years to master the key technologies, and significantly improve the capability of the spacecraft during the application,” said Zhang Yong, China Aerospace Science & Technology Corp, as quoted by Xinhua. “We aim to implement the technology in suborbital flight and orbital insertion by 2030.”<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Hybrid </span><span style="font-size: large;">Hypersonic Spaceplane Could Reset The 21st Century Space Race</span></h1>
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    Chinese Hypersonic Spaceplane<br />

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    This screenshot from state television broadcast on the hypersonic
 spaceplane shows an aerodynamically optimized aircraft beginning to 
accelerate to hypersonic speeds. Operating such a spaceplane by 2030 
would place China ahead of the space race, and other races. <i>Popular Science</i><br />
<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>It takes off from a runway, flies at hypersonic speeds, then rockets into orbit.</b></span> <br />

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While
 SpaceX is making news with its recoverable rockets, China announced 
that it is working on the next big thing in spaceflight: a hypersonic 
spaceplane.<br />
<br />

The China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation is beginning 
advanced research on a high tech, more efficient successor to the 
retired Space Shuttle, with hybrid combined cycle engines that can 
takeoff from an airport's landing strip and fly straight into orbit. The
 hybrid space plane's combined cycle engines would use turbofan or 
turbojet engines to takeoff horizontally from a landing strip. Once 
airborne, the engine then shifts to ramjet propulsion and, as speed 
increases, adjusts into a scramjet engine with supersonic airflow.  At 
the scramjet stage, the hybrid spaceplane would enter hypersonic flight 
in 'near space', the part of the atmosphere between 20km to 100km above 
sea level.  Finally, the hybrid spaceplane would use its rocket motors 
to push out of near space and into orbit.<br />

Broadcasts by both state television broadcaster CCTV, and its English
 service, note that the CASTC spaceplane's easy reusability would 
exponentially bring down space launch costs.<br />
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<img alt="China Combined Cycle Turbo-ramjet engine Variable Cycle" class="full-width shareable unveil-processed full-visible" data-lgsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/chinese_combined_cycle_engine.jpg?itok=Nc4IptoZ" data-medsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/chinese_combined_cycle_engine.jpg?itok=2bZCD0bP" data-smsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/chinese_combined_cycle_engine.jpg?itok=Uk1ioWfj" data-src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/chinese_combined_cycle_engine.jpg?itok=Nc4IptoZ" data-xlsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/xl_1x_/public/chinese_combined_cycle_engine.jpg?itok=1HQwUvSv" height="600" src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/chinese_combined_cycle_engine.jpg?itok=Nc4IptoZ" width="1000" /><a class="colorbox-button cboxElement linkTargets-processed" href="http://www.popsci.com/chinas-hybrid-spaceplane-could-reset-21st-century-space-race"> </a><div class="caption-wrapper indent">
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    shinobiyan at cjdby.net<br />

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    Combined Cycle Engine<br />

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    The combined cycle engine shares the same inlet and exhaust 
nozzle for both the turbojet/turbofan and ramjet. In the upper diagram, 
the air intake ramps behind the ramjet spike direct airflow into the 
turbo core. In the bottom diagram, the air intake ramps gradually block 
off air flow to the turbo core, redirecting air into the ramjet 
combustion engine for high supersonic (Mach 3.0-Mach 4.0). Chinese 
combined cycle engines like this blueprint would be paired with a 
scramjet (presumably via changing the ramjet) and a separate rocket 
motor to create a hypersonic space plane.<br />
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<img alt="Skylong Space Plane Reaction Engines" class="full-width shareable unveil-processed full-visible" data-lgsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/images/2016/08/skylon_space_plane.jpg?itok=Y99eqP4A&fc=50,50" data-medsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/images/2016/08/skylon_space_plane.jpg?itok=CQMs8sZi&fc=50,50" data-smsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/images/2016/08/skylon_space_plane.jpg?itok=m9cHxy4_&fc=50,50" data-src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/images/2016/08/skylon_space_plane.jpg?itok=Y99eqP4A&fc=50,50" data-xlsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/xl_1x_/public/images/2016/08/skylon_space_plane.jpg?itok=MImbU7Eb&fc=50,50" height="500" src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/images/2016/08/skylon_space_plane.jpg?itok=Y99eqP4A&fc=50,50" width="1000" /><a class="colorbox-button cboxElement linkTargets-processed" href="http://www.popsci.com/chinas-hybrid-spaceplane-could-reset-21st-century-space-race"> </a><div class="caption-wrapper indent">
  <div class="field-credit">
    Reaction Engines Limited<br />

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    Skylon<br />

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    While the Skylon and the Chinese hypersonic space plane are both 
powered by combined cycle air breathing engines and rocket motors, the 
British Skylon uses pre-cooled jet engines built by Reaction Engines 
Limited to achieve hypersonic atmospheric flight, as opposed to 
scramjets.  Both spacecraft will probably first fly around the mid 
2020s.<br />
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<img alt="China Hybrid Spacecraft" class="full-width shareable unveil-processed full-visible" data-lgsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/images/2016/08/china_hybrid_spacecraft.jpg?itok=88NvTk20&fc=50,50" data-medsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/images/2016/08/china_hybrid_spacecraft.jpg?itok=FBPybI4y&fc=50,50" data-smsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/images/2016/08/china_hybrid_spacecraft.jpg?itok=5LYurwmJ&fc=50,50" data-src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/images/2016/08/china_hybrid_spacecraft.jpg?itok=88NvTk20&fc=50,50" data-xlsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/xl_1x_/public/images/2016/08/china_hybrid_spacecraft.jpg?itok=3U0-ucS0&fc=50,50" height="572" src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/images/2016/08/china_hybrid_spacecraft.jpg?itok=88NvTk20&fc=50,50" width="1000" /><a class="colorbox-button cboxElement linkTargets-processed" href="http://www.popsci.com/chinas-hybrid-spaceplane-could-reset-21st-century-space-race"> </a><div class="caption-wrapper indent">
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    CCTV 13<br />

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    Hybrid Propulsion<br />

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    While this CCTV-13 clip of the hybrid spacecraft appears instead 
to show a conventional space rocket, China plans to have a combined 
cycle engine and rocket motor prototype ready for testing by 2021. <i>Popular Science</i><br />
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Zhang Yong, a CASTC engineer, claimed that China will 
master the spaceplane's technologies in the next three to five years, 
and a full-scale spaceplane would then enter service by 2030.<br />

Interestingly, another CASTC engineer, Yang Yang, mentioned that the 
spaceplane would improve "ease of access to space for untrained 
persons," as the space plane would have more gradual acceleration than a
 space launch rocket (reducing the physical strain on astronauts during 
takeoff), suggesting a version of the spaceplane which could be used for
 space tourism.<br />
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<img alt="China UAV Mach 4 Supersonic Hypersonic" class="full-width shareable unveil-processed full-visible" data-lgsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/hypersonic_testbed.jpg?itok=l5IATJEe" data-medsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/hypersonic_testbed.jpg?itok=-oz7JG7M" data-smsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/hypersonic_testbed.jpg?itok=rRHwRt1X" data-src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/hypersonic_testbed.jpg?itok=l5IATJEe" data-xlsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/xl_1x_/public/hypersonic_testbed.jpg?itok=g979qbzp" height="612" src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/hypersonic_testbed.jpg?itok=l5IATJEe" width="1000" /><a class="colorbox-button cboxElement linkTargets-processed" href="http://www.popsci.com/chinas-hybrid-spaceplane-could-reset-21st-century-space-race"> </a><div class="caption-wrapper indent">
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    Bai Wei via lt.cjdby.net<br />

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    The Missing Drone<br />

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    China was rumored to make the first flight of a Mach 4+ test 
drone in September 2015. Launched from an H-6 carrier aircraft, the 
drone fired up its combined cycle turbo-ramjet engine to accelerate from
 subsonic to high supersonic speeds. Given CASTC confidence in applying 
preexisting aeronautical experiments to build a working prototype by 
2021, it seems that the September 2015 flight was for real.<br />
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Getting the complex technologies, like the combined cycle
 ramjet/turbo engine, in the reported timeline is an extremely ambitious
 target. Yet China is actually a world leader in a number of the key 
technologies for the project. In 2015, Professor Wang Zhengou was 
awarded the Feng Ru prize (China's top aeronautical medal) for his work 
in successfully developing and flying a scramjet engine, making China 
the second nation in the world after the United States to master 
scramjet technology. CASTC's rapid research timeline also suggests that 
the reports in 2015 of a Mach 4 test flight for a recoverable drone 
testbed for a combined cycle ramjet/turbofan engine were accurate. And 
China also has the world's largest hypersonic wind tunnel, the Mach 9 
JF-12, which could be used to easily test hypersonic scramjets without 
costly and potentially dangerous flight testing at altitude.<br />

China already has a variety of advanced solid-and liquid-fuelled 
space rockets and even China's historical weakness in turbine engines 
may not be a problem (the proven WS-10 turbofan is likely to provide 
enough thrust for the combined cycle engine's ramjet to take over). For 
CASTC, the biggest challenge may be in integrating all these components 
into a single propulsion package, as well as building an airframe light 
and strong enough to resist the rigors of hypersonic flight and 
atmospheric reentry<br />
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<img alt="China hypersonic aircraft" class="full-width shareable unveil-processed full-visible" data-lgsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/images/2016/08/china_hypersonic_bomber_1.jpg?itok=xinf_3wz&fc=50,50" data-medsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/images/2016/08/china_hypersonic_bomber_1.jpg?itok=PNxN6tth&fc=50,50" data-smsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/images/2016/08/china_hypersonic_bomber_1.jpg?itok=eMUK2X3N&fc=50,50" data-src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/images/2016/08/china_hypersonic_bomber_1.jpg?itok=xinf_3wz&fc=50,50" data-xlsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/xl_1x_/public/images/2016/08/china_hypersonic_bomber_1.jpg?itok=0yqPNpHx&fc=50,50" height="560" src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/images/2016/08/china_hypersonic_bomber_1.jpg?itok=xinf_3wz&fc=50,50" width="1000" /><a class="colorbox-button cboxElement linkTargets-processed" href="http://www.popsci.com/chinas-hybrid-spaceplane-could-reset-21st-century-space-race"> </a><div class="caption-wrapper indent">
  <div class="field-credit">
    <a class="vglnk" href="http://www.armystar.com/" rel="nofollow"><span>www</span><span>.</span><span>armystar</span><span>.</span><span>com</span></a><br />

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<div class="field-title">
    The Future of the PLAAF, 2030?<br />

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    This "what if" piece of CGI fan art from the Chinese Internet 
shows what a hypersonic military aircraft could look like; with a 
streamlined fuselage, a large ventral air intake and relatively small 
wings. (The artist imagines that this hypersonic bomber could carry a 
payload of eight tons.) Flying in near space (20km to 100km altitude), 
hypersonic aircraft can easily dodge existing air defenses (and they are
 generally too maneuverable for anti-satellite and missile defense 
systems to work well against them).<br />
<br />

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Whether the project meets with success within the 
targeted timeframe or it slips by several years, the results would be 
significant, and not just on the civilian side of any space race. In 
addition to increasing the rate of access and lowered costs for space 
launches, the Chinese military could draw direct military benefits from 
the combined cycle engine technology. Without the rocket motor 
component, the combined cycle engine would be a good fit to power 
hypersonic UAVs and manned aircraft. Flying in near space at speeds 
above Mach 5, such aircraft could have global reach, while their speed 
and high altitude would make them effectively immune to all existing air
 defense systems (though the turbine part of the engine would need to 
emphasis fuel efficiency and high thrust to weight).<br />
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<img alt="China Hypersonic Plane Bomber Shadow Dragon" class="full-width shareable unveil-processed full-visible" data-lgsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/shadow_dragon.jpg?itok=YHmT8uFs" data-medsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/shadow_dragon.jpg?itok=WWguETuj" data-smsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/shadow_dragon.jpg?itok=PwvkRao2" data-src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/shadow_dragon.jpg?itok=YHmT8uFs" data-xlsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/xl_1x_/public/shadow_dragon.jpg?itok=cbPWMYmd" height="750" src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/shadow_dragon.jpg?itok=YHmT8uFs" width="1000" /><a class="colorbox-button cboxElement linkTargets-processed" href="http://www.popsci.com/chinas-hybrid-spaceplane-could-reset-21st-century-space-race"> </a><div class="caption-wrapper indent">
  <div class="field-credit">
    Wendell Minnick<br />

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<div class="field-title">
    Shadow Dragon Hypersonic Bomber<br />

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<div class="field-body">
    The Shadow Dragon hypersonic bomber concept, from the PLAAF's 
Engineering College, won a second prize in the 4th National Future 
Aircraft Design Competition at the 2010 Zhuhai Airshow. That the PLAAF 
has long been making such high profile public efforts to promote 
hypersonic and near space aircraft suggests that such systems are 
envisioned to be a key part of China's future arsenal. <i>Popular Science</i><br />
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Coming on the heels of other Chinese space advances, 
including the successful tests of a 3 meter diameter solid rocket 
booster, and the fuel turbopump for the LM-9 superheavy rocket, the 
present attention given to such a longterm project is notable.  The high
 profile broadcast of Chinese breakthroughs in space technologies 
suggests that, in addition to boosting Chinese prestige, the Chinese 
leadership is looking to raise public awareness and support to justify 
costly investments in next generation space technology like hybrid 
spaceplanes and super heavy "Moon" rockets.  Getting the first mover 
advantage in these aerospace milestones would definitely give China 
superpower status in both Earth and space. <i>Popular Science</i><br />
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Hybrid Hypersonic Spaceplane Could Reset The 21st Century Space Race

China is developing a perspective hybrid reusable space vehicle that will combine three different kinds of engine technologies, repor...

“Super Camera” for use in reconnaissance satellites: The hidden man fuelling developing it

<ul><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="externalLink" href="http://cdn1.scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/486x302/public/images/methode/2016/01/12/8cafafd8-b8ff-11e5-9ce7-2395197ababe_1280x720.jpg?itok=WMIx9cfR" rel="nofollow" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" target="_blank"><img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="http://cdn1.scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/486x302/public/images/methode/2016/01/12/8cafafd8-b8ff-11e5-9ce7-2395197ababe_1280x720.jpg?itok=WMIx9cfR" src="http://cdn1.scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/486x302/public/images/methode/2016/01/12/8cafafd8-b8ff-11e5-9ce7-2395197ababe_1280x720.jpg?itok=WMIx9cfR" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hyperspectral imaging expert Xiang Libin (right) receives the 
prestigious accolade from President Xi Jinping during the annual 
national science and technology awards ceremony in Beijing on Friday. 
Credit: Xinhua</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</ul>
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A scientist who specialises in optics and has been developing a “super 
camera” for use in reconnaissance satellites has pocketed China’s top 
science award for his latest technological breakthrough, hinting at how 
formidable the nation’s military is becoming and the measures taken to 
keep such developments under wraps.<br />
<br />
Hyperspectral imaging expert Xiang Libin, 49, received the prestigious 
gong from President Xi Jinping during the annual national science and 
technology awards ceremony in Beijing on Friday.<br />
<br />
During an official group photo session with state leaders, Professor 
Xiang was pictured in a prominent position behind Xi, hinting at the 
level of importance attached to his work.<br />
<br />
This level of official recognition suggests China may have fully 
acquired the technology to locate and track military targets that are 
usually camouflaged or hidden underground, such as missile launch sites 
and testing facilities for nuclear weapons.<br />
<br />

Due to the sensitivity of the research, however, Xiang’s name did not 
appear on the list of award recipients; neither were his efforts 
trumpeted with the usual pomp and ceremony preserved for patriotic 
milestones by China’s state-run media.<br />
<br />
But Xiang, a former director at the Academy of Opto-Electronics under 
the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is well known among China’s optical 
research community for his pioneering works on hyperspectral imaging 
sensors. He now runs the Shanghai Engineering Centre for 
Microsatellites.<br />
<br />
While traditional cameras can capture an object’s appearance, a hyperspectral camera is able to determine what the object is.<br />
<br />
For example, a military spy satellite equipped with hyperspectral 
sensors would be able to tell the difference between a genuine and 
“counterfeit” fighter jet if they were parked side by side at an 
airport. In contrast, the two would appear identical to cameras that use
 optical, infrared or microwave rays, now matter how sharp the images 
they produce.<br />
<br />
<a class="externalLink" href="http://www.scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/980w/public/images/methode/2016/01/12/b7f7ea1c-b8fe-11e5-9ce7-2395197ababe_image_hires.jpg?itok=aPEiaNtS" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="http://www.scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/486w/public/images/methode/2016/01/12/b7f7ea1c-b8fe-11e5-9ce7-2395197ababe_486x.jpg?itok=ah0hI7Zz" height="474" src="http://www.scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/486w/public/images/methode/2016/01/12/b7f7ea1c-b8fe-11e5-9ce7-2395197ababe_486x.jpg?itok=ah0hI7Zz" width="640" /> </a><br />
An
 image taken over Australia using a hyperspectral camera aboard China’s 
Tiangong-1 space lab reveals the distribution of minerals and 
agricultural vegetation in the area, in this 2011 file photo. Photo: 
Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of 
Sciences<br />
<br />
The hyperspectral imaging technology did the trick by examining the 
electromagnetic “fingerprint” of the target. The camera collected 
spectral data over a continuous range of electromagnetic bands for each 
pixel. The resulting data revealed the object’s true chemical 
composition and physical traits.<br />
<br />
Now scientists claim that a military or government intelligence service 
could use such a satellite to search for any “object of interest” 
anywhere in the world. This could be a specific vehicle, a strategic 
missile launch site, camouflaged roadside bombs, or even nuclear-testing
 facilities hidden underground as they all have their own hyperspectral 
“fingerprint”.<br />
<br />
Over the last decade, Yuan Yan, a professor of optical science at 
Beihang University in Beijing, has co-authored many research papers with
 Xiang on the theme of a hyperspectral imaging sensor for use in a 
satellite.<br />
<br />
She confirmed to the <i>South China Morning Post</i> that Xiang was the man standing behind Xi in the aforementioned group photo.<br />
<br />
<a class="externalLink" href="http://www.scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/980w/public/images/methode/2016/01/12/bd064742-b8fe-11e5-9ce7-2395197ababe_image_hires.jpg?itok=LcKRu8vT" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="http://www.scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/486w/public/images/methode/2016/01/12/bd064742-b8fe-11e5-9ce7-2395197ababe_486x.jpg?itok=3jIX6waE" src="http://www.scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/486w/public/images/methode/2016/01/12/bd064742-b8fe-11e5-9ce7-2395197ababe_486x.jpg?itok=3jIX6waE" /> </a><br />
Professor
 Xiang (the tall, balding man with glasses) is pictured behind the right
 shoulder of Chinese President Xi Jinping in this group photo with state
 leaders in Beijing on Friday. Xiang’s prominent position implies the 
importance of his research to China’s defence industry. Photo: Handout<br />
<br />
But Yuan declined to provide more details on Xiang’s award-winning breakthrough.<br />
“It is classified … for good reason,” she said.<br />
Professor Sun Liqun, an optical scientist at Tsinghua University who has
 been involved in various military research projects, said Xiang was a 
figurehead in the field, even though he is little known outside of this 
small circle of people due to the sensitive nature of his work.<br />
<br />
The use of hyperspectral technology by China’s military had been a 
closely guarded secret for years, but there is enough evidence to 
suggest the country embarked on this field of research relatively early,
 and apparently with the aim of overtaking the US by launching a new 
satellite this year.<br />
<br />
The first-known camera of its kind deployed by the US Army was the 
Artemis system, according to its developer Raytheon Company. This was 
tested on the TacSat-3 satellite, which was launched in 2010, the major 
US defence contractor said.<br />
<br />
<a class="externalLink" href="http://www.scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/980w/public/images/methode/2016/01/12/bf95bf06-b8fe-11e5-9ce7-2395197ababe_image_hires.jpg?itok=Nxz14_ED" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="http://www.scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/486w/public/images/methode/2016/01/12/bf95bf06-b8fe-11e5-9ce7-2395197ababe_486x.jpg?itok=9WSOJ6a1" height="464" src="http://www.scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/486w/public/images/methode/2016/01/12/bf95bf06-b8fe-11e5-9ce7-2395197ababe_486x.jpg?itok=9WSOJ6a1" width="640" /> </a><br />
<br />
China
 has used the hyperspectral camera in lunar missions to produce one of 
the largest and most detailed maps of mineral distribution on the 
surface of the moon. Credit: Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital 
Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences<br />
<br />
The Artemis sensors can collect data on 300 electromagnetic bands, thus 
allowing its user, the US Strategic Command, to operate it for tactical 
purposes ranging from the detection of roadside bombs to the 
identification of nuclear weapon facilities.<br />
<br />
But the system remains in an experimental stage as a number of technical problems, such as its low resolution, still unsolved.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, a civilian satellite that China plans to launch this year 
will be equipped with a more advanced hyperspectral camera than that 
linked to the Artemis, Chinese researchers said during an international 
conference held by the Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society in 2014.<br />
<br />
The China Commercial Remote-sensing Satellite System (CCRSS) will be 
able to collect data on 328 bands offering very high resolution of up to
 15 metres, according to the researchers from the Institute of Remote 
Sensing and Digital Earth in Beijing. This means each pixel in the image
 measures 15 metres squared.<br />
<br />
Hyperspectral research efforts have been going on in China for several 
decades, having begun at the start of the 1970s, the team said in a 
presentation.<br />
<br />
<a class="externalLink" href="http://www.scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/980w/public/images/methode/2016/01/12/c482b4b0-b8fe-11e5-9ce7-2395197ababe_image_hires.jpg?itok=3QRWMNi0" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="http://www.scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/486w/public/images/methode/2016/01/12/c482b4b0-b8fe-11e5-9ce7-2395197ababe_486x.jpg?itok=VrQsLnYp" height="384" src="http://www.scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/486w/public/images/methode/2016/01/12/c482b4b0-b8fe-11e5-9ce7-2395197ababe_486x.jpg?itok=VrQsLnYp" width="640" />The
 hyperspectral camera used on the small satellite constellation known as
 HJ-1 - which was launched in 2008 - can also be applied in civilian 
sectors such as those pertaining to the environment or disaster 
monitoring. Credit: Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, 
Chinese Academy of Sciences</a><br />
<br />
The technology was tested extensively and improved over time on 
aircraft-based platforms, before researchers shifted their attention to 
devices in space.<br />
<br />
The first satellite-based hyperspectral camera, called the CMODIS, was 
installed on Shenzhou-3, an unmanned spacecraft that China launched in 
2002.<br />
<br />
The camera was fairly primitive with just 34 spectral bands and 
resolution as low as 500 metres, but it was soon replaced as Chinese 
technology in this area developed at a fast clip.<br />
<br />
By 2008 the small satellite constellation known as HJ-1 was able to scan
 115 bands with resolution of 100 metres, according to the researchers.<br />
<br />
But as these developments and sensors all took place in equipment 
destined for the civilian sector,many suspect the cameras used by 
China’s military can perform significantly better.<br />
<br />
However, the hyperspectral imaging technology could theoretically be 
applied in a number of sectors including vegetation identification 
(agriculture), mineral detection and the assessment of polluted waters 
in oceans, coastal zones and inland waterways.<br />
<br />
The technology could also be used for space exploration missions.<br />
<br />
China has deployed a hyperspectral camera for use on previous lunar 
missions, during which it produced one of the largest and most detailed 
maps of mineral distribution on the surface of the moon to date.<br />
<br />
<a class="externalLink" href="http://m.scmp.com/tech/science-research/article/1900103/hidden-man-fuelling-chinas-military-ambitions-xiang-libin" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The
 hidden man fuelling China’s military ambitions: Xiang Libin honoured 
for work on ‘super camera’ to aid spy satellites | South China Morning 
Post</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Most Powerful 30 km/s Acceleration Ion Jet Engine </span></b><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="wp-caption alignnone" data-shortcode="caption" id="attachment_22273" style="width: 310px;">
<img alt="Ion jet engine" class="size-medium wp-image-22273" height="215" src="https://tiananmenstremendousachievements.files.wordpress.com/2016/01/ion-jet-engine.jpg?w=300&h=162" width="400" /><div class="wp-caption-text">
Ion jet engine</div>
<div class="wp-caption-text">
  </div>
</div>
Hong Kong media <span class="skimlinks-unlinked">news.wenweipo.com</span>
 reports today that China displayed its new generation of ion engine. 
Ion jet engine was invented by the Soviet Union in 1971 and has been 
used in space rockets for decades.<br />

However, new generation of ion jet engine is the best in the 
world with acceleration of 30 km/second and according to the scientists 
who have developed it, the acceleration can be further increased by 30%.<br />

Iron engines are better than engines using chemical fuel in its 
ability to operate in lower temperature, lighter weight and less 
consumption of fuel.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</div>

“Super Camera” for use in reconnaissance satellites: The hidden man fuelling developing it

Commercial Remote-sensing Satellite System This image shows the technical layout of the China Commercial Remote-sensing Satellite Sys...

V-750 helicopter UCAV

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ4LrqnUO7CPR4QeLnZlazXvcJptXCdlx-WiIa-T_InJ3vXGq_8MUpb-nysfJotjR9HaP1eSD3Pl-WxkScB86ypjjlfMSDYBnnfgGON1sffxVKupeeyHKc5z09hIUDt_Tc1j4sSUxhFNQ/s1600/V750+UCAV+and+Antitank+Missiles+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ4LrqnUO7CPR4QeLnZlazXvcJptXCdlx-WiIa-T_InJ3vXGq_8MUpb-nysfJotjR9HaP1eSD3Pl-WxkScB86ypjjlfMSDYBnnfgGON1sffxVKupeeyHKc5z09hIUDt_Tc1j4sSUxhFNQ/s640/V750+UCAV+and+Antitank+Missiles+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="field-body">
    The V750 has become a popular rotary wing (helicopter) drone with civilian and military users.<br />

</div>
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1kVdAG5MlO9Uay0i5yWlQwxhM5aJ6e7G6KuvUhkvV5CTqozCUUpdRZ9OywzrLsahe28ha6hC4lOpHuLLG43qYfJ4H5rKtJEFZddhNDpyo_pRHiX2p73OW3AwAyLqf3meB8AdNIq4Fj9g/s1600/V750+UCAV+and+Antitank+Missiles+%25283%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1kVdAG5MlO9Uay0i5yWlQwxhM5aJ6e7G6KuvUhkvV5CTqozCUUpdRZ9OywzrLsahe28ha6hC4lOpHuLLG43qYfJ4H5rKtJEFZddhNDpyo_pRHiX2p73OW3AwAyLqf3meB8AdNIq4Fj9g/s640/V750+UCAV+and+Antitank+Missiles+%25283%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a>Jointly developed 
by Weifang Tianxiang Aerospace Industry Co.Ltd., Qingdao Haili 
Helicopters Manufacturing Co. Ltd  and certified by Chinese aviation 
authorities in 2014,.<br />
The 750kg V-750 drone in its current configuration, the armed version of the 
V-750 can carry at least two 50kg anti-tank missiles, such as the HJ-9 
and HJ-10, or rocket pods, and has a range of 500 kilometers.<br />
Enter helicopter drones, an area where the field is 
headed, including in China. In June 2016, an unmanned V-750 helicopter 
UCAV successfully fired anti-tank missiles at targets. <br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1yDABSReAVVyRVzjqn0MFwOQCUu77P2s8XknRLLXwD_1izUO2m8mGKjQ0ZLv7fy9WUzv1bhjuYiKooy3FuavnBqTUt6GOewKLOuerj2poN3Ss_AU0Sd1G2RBd_azuH6eCOWbT7zrGKVE/s1600/V750+UCAV+and+Antitank+Missiles+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1yDABSReAVVyRVzjqn0MFwOQCUu77P2s8XknRLLXwD_1izUO2m8mGKjQ0ZLv7fy9WUzv1bhjuYiKooy3FuavnBqTUt6GOewKLOuerj2poN3Ss_AU0Sd1G2RBd_azuH6eCOWbT7zrGKVE/s640/V750+UCAV+and+Antitank+Missiles+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
<div class="field-title">
    Aerial Firepower for the Masses. <i>Popular Science</i><br />

</div>
<div class="field-body">
    Missile armed drone helicopters like this a 
medium sized helicopter UCAV V750 could give organic firepower to smaller unit formations, like 
battalions and brigades. While a medium
 altitude long endurance UCAV like the US Reaper or Pterodactyl 
would normally be controlled by a corps or divisional headquarters,.</div>
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</div>
<br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Taihang engine widely deployed</span></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirielc7UyJCv-GCaBOzmIEVbXL6P2Xk75ik0xYXp7lPk5Omk1QtOZMrfH4vvgvPwVpnzPEbQJC8ACNsQwn_WLFpDKcCPQZImN7cug4JGh5oDJaPbwDXWoBQ21DoJPfaHnXjuirkDCSmf8/s1600/J-20+2101+-+claerly+AL-31FN+vs.+WS-10B.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="354" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirielc7UyJCv-GCaBOzmIEVbXL6P2Xk75ik0xYXp7lPk5Omk1QtOZMrfH4vvgvPwVpnzPEbQJC8ACNsQwn_WLFpDKcCPQZImN7cug4JGh5oDJaPbwDXWoBQ21DoJPfaHnXjuirkDCSmf8/s640/J-20+2101+-+claerly+AL-31FN+vs.+WS-10B.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18px;"><b>AVIC report: China's Taihang engine widely deployed in military</b></span><br />
By Jiang Jie (<a class="externalLink" href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">People's Daily Online</a>) 14:45, July 07, 2016<br />
<br />
China’s Taihang engines have become a significant, large-scale presence 
in the military, making China the third country in the world that has 
mass deployment of domestically-produced high-thrust engines for 
military use, according to the Aviation Industry Corporation of China 
(AVIC) annual report.<br />
<br />
AVIC's social responsibility report showed that the company is capable 
of independently conducting research and development on the next 
generation of high-thrust aerial engines, along with advanced drones 
such as Wing Loong, which have also been deployed in the military.<br />
<br />
The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Air Force has deployed no less than 
400 Taihang engines in five air force regiments. Various types of 
fighter jets are equipped with the engine, including the J-11B and J-15 
carrier-based fighter jets, reported China Science Communication, a news
 site under the Chinese Academy of Sciences. So far there have been no 
crashes due to engine failure among Taihang engine-equipped fighter 
jets, the news site also noted.<br />
<br />
Some doubts have been voiced about the originality of the Taihang 
engine, as there are people who believe the Chinese-made engine is a 
copy of its Western counterparts. However, according to China Science 
Communication, the development of the Taihang engine was based on 
accumulated experience and technological advances gathered since 1978. 
The engine was also based partially on its predecessor, WS-6, which 
spent some 20 years in development.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, the engine also took inspiration from the control system of 
Russia's AL-31F aircraft turbofan engine, China Science Communication 
admitted, calling the Taihang engine a result of “independent 
development combined with technology from the Soviet Union and the U.S.”<br />
<br />
“China has become the fourth country in the world to independently 
design and produce large transportation aircraft, as well as the third 
country to independently develop stealth fighter jets,” the AVIC report 
said, adding that China has advanced its air-to-air and air-to-ground 
missiles to the fourth generation.
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V-750 helicopter UCAV

The V750 has become a popular rotary wing (helicopter) drone with civilian and military users. Jointly developed by Weifang T...

Unveils Mars 2020 probe and science goals

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<span style="font-size: 22px;">
</span>
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="http://cdn3.gbtimes.com/cdn/farfuture/giMlizAZDF_5COxkXr4_ehhybKAhmzRBO7xltSOv_5I/mtime:1471946243/sites/default/files/styles/768_wide/public/2016/08/23/china-mars-2020-orbiter-lander-rover-config-1.jpg?itok=LHSp3Nxa" src="http://cdn3.gbtimes.com/cdn/farfuture/giMlizAZDF_5COxkXr4_ehhybKAhmzRBO7xltSOv_5I/mtime:1471946243/sites/default/files/styles/768_wide/public/2016/08/23/china-mars-2020-orbiter-lander-rover-config-1.jpg?itok=LHSp3Nxa" /><br />
<a href="http://gbtimes.com/china/china-unveils-its-mars-2020-probe-and-science-goals" target="_blank">Martian probe, set for a 2020</a> launch date, is open to public naming suggestions <br />
<br />
<br />
 <br />
<br />
China has released images of its orbiter, lander and rover for its 
ambitious 2020 Mars mission, along with details of the scientific 
instruments to be sent to the Red Planet.<br />
<br />
Chief architect of the mission, Zhang Rongqiao, told a press conference 
in Beijing on Tuesday that the mission will be complex and ambitious, 
including an orbiter, lander and rover.<br />
<br />
The lander will carry a gasbag, a parachute and reverse thrust engines 
in order to achieve a safe landing, while factors such as the 
long-distance data transmission delay means that the rover will have a 
high autonomy. <br />
<br />
The science goals include studying the Martian topography, soil, 
environment, atmosphere and water ice, as well as the planet's internal 
structure and search for possible signs of life.<br />
<br />
The mission will launch on a Long March 5 rocket from the new Wenchang spaceport on the island province of Hainan in summer 2020. <br />
<br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="http://cdn2.gbtimes.com/cdn/farfuture/XCdo7_FO4qA8cop5K0lvATz5hGF25ACQwhyaDvxsp2A/mtime:1471946422/sites/default/files/inline_images/china-mars-2020-orbiter-lander-rover-config-2.jpg" src="http://cdn2.gbtimes.com/cdn/farfuture/XCdo7_FO4qA8cop5K0lvATz5hGF25ACQwhyaDvxsp2A/mtime:1471946422/sites/default/files/inline_images/china-mars-2020-orbiter-lander-rover-config-2.jpg" /><br />
<i>Above: China's Mars 2020 lander using thrusters for landing (Xinhua).</i><br />
<i><br />
After around seven months and 400m kilometres, the mission will attempt 
to enter Mars orbit and achieve the orbiting, landing and roving aspects
 of the mission.<br />
<br />
Dr Wu Ji, director of the National Space Science Centre in Beijing which develops space science payloads, <a class="externalLink" href="http://gbtimes.com/china/china-racing-make-2020-launch-window-mars" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">revealed to gbtimes in February</a>
 that the orbiter will have on board space particle detectors and 
cameras capable of detecting methane – the presence of which may 
indicate biological processes occurring on Mars.<br />
<br />
The rover will carry a ground penetrating radar that could reveal a much about the past and present of Mars.</i><br />
<i></i><br />
<i><i><i><i><i><span style="font-size: 18px;"><i>The same instrument allowed China’s <a class="externalLink" href="http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2016/01281656-fun-with-a-new-data-set-change.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Yutu rover</a>
 to image around 400m below the lunar surface, making intriguing 
discoveries about the composition and history of the Moon, such as 
evidence of <a class="externalLink" href="http://arstechnica.com/science/2015/03/chinas-yutu-lunar-rover-found-evidence-of-multiple-volcanic-floods/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">volcanic floods</a>.</i></span></i></i></i></i>  </i><br />
<i><br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="http://cdn3.gbtimes.com/cdn/farfuture/2PhHInxeUzTamF0temPk2gm0djBvrDd6BXmFCHKEEWc/mtime:1471946512/sites/default/files/inline_images/china-mars-2020-orbiter-lander-rover-config-3.jpg" src="http://cdn3.gbtimes.com/cdn/farfuture/2PhHInxeUzTamF0temPk2gm0djBvrDd6BXmFCHKEEWc/mtime:1471946512/sites/default/files/inline_images/china-mars-2020-orbiter-lander-rover-config-3.jpg" /><br />

<br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="http://cdn3.gbtimes.com/cdn/farfuture/negPgWpR7rfeyHqsg7Tv67qWB5A3XXWEpjYo33Z8Tec/mtime:1471946596/sites/default/files/inline_images/china-mars-2020-orbiter-lander-rover-config-4.jpg" src="http://cdn3.gbtimes.com/cdn/farfuture/negPgWpR7rfeyHqsg7Tv67qWB5A3XXWEpjYo33Z8Tec/mtime:1471946596/sites/default/files/inline_images/china-mars-2020-orbiter-lander-rover-config-4.jpg" /><br />
<i>2020 Mars rover.</i><br />
<i><br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="http://cdn3.gbtimes.com/cdn/farfuture/F_qXrEJwuhqI4qTgfTnlpQkXb8Qz-lZmUdYbbd9SKhY/mtime:1471948771/sites/default/files/inline_images/china-mars-2020-orbiter-lander-rover-config-5.jpg" src="http://cdn3.gbtimes.com/cdn/farfuture/F_qXrEJwuhqI4qTgfTnlpQkXb8Qz-lZmUdYbbd9SKhY/mtime:1471948771/sites/default/files/inline_images/china-mars-2020-orbiter-lander-rover-config-5.jpg" /><br />
<span style="font-size: 18px;">From the Moon to Mars</span><br />
China has already successfully put a lander and rover on the Moon in 
late 2013, but a landing on the Red Planet poses greater challenges, as 
it involves great speeds than a lunar mission, a thin but significant 
atmosphere, different gravity and an active planetary surface.<br />
</i></i><br />
<i><i></i></i><br />
<i><i><br />
<a class="externalLink" href="http://gbtimes.com/people/ye-peijian" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ye Peijian</a>,
 an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, says the probe is 
being developed by the team that completed the 2013 Chang'e-3 lunar 
lander mission.<br />
<br />
While this will be China's first attempt at an independent mission to 
Mars, China first attempted to reach the Red Planet with Yinghuo-1 on 
the back of Russia’s exciting <a class="externalLink" href="http://www.russianspaceweb.com/phobos_grunt.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Phobos-Grunt mission</a> to return samples from one of the moons of Mars in 2011, but the spacecraft failed to leave Earth orbit.<br />
<br />
The country was then stung by
 the success of neighbours and fellow emergent Asian space power India, 
when it successfully inserted its ‘Mangalyaan’ probe into orbit around 
Mars in 2014.<br />
<br />
China’s 2020 mission will share the optimal launch window for Mars missions, which occurs roughly every two years, with <a class="externalLink" href="http://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Nasa’s 2020 Mars mission</a>, a Japan-launched mission for the <a class="externalLink" href="http://www.emiratesmarsmission.ae/mars-probe/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">United Arab Emirates</a> and perhaps also the second European-Russian <a class="externalLink" href="http://exploration.esa.int/mars/48088-mission-overview/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ExoMars </a>mission.</i></i><br />
<br /></div>

Unveils Mars 2020 probe and science goals

Martian probe, set for a 2020 launch date, is open to public naming suggestions China has released images of its orbiter, lander...

Most significant scientific projects that put China on the map

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<br />
<br />
<b>Here are some of China’s most significant scientific projects.</b><br />
<br />
<b>The super-telescope</b><br />
As symbols of scientific power, this takes some beating.<br />
The 
Five-Hundred-Metre Aperture Spherical Telescope, or FAST, is a vast 
radio telescope which is substantially larger than the next largest one,
 the Aricebo Observatory, in Puerto Rico, with a diameter of 305 metres.<br />
The telescope, which is the size of 30 football pitches, has been built 
into a natural crater in the south-western province of Guizhou.<br />
<br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="https://assets.weforum.org/editor/vFEiT5mX-mJVPgefGWXqUhUfkr7LS-BkqHl5z2XfTIU.jpg" src="https://assets.weforum.org/editor/vFEiT5mX-mJVPgefGWXqUhUfkr7LS-BkqHl5z2XfTIU.jpg" /><br />
The Five-Hundred-Metre Aperture Spherical Telescope<br />
Image: Xinhua news agency<br />
The final touches are now being made to the $180 million project before it officially opens in September.<br />
<br />
The telescope is effectively a giant ear, listening for radio waves 
emitted by objects in deepest space. Because the waves have travelled 
for great distances in space they are incredibly weak, which is why 
bigger really is better.<br />
The telescope will help scientists learn more about how the universe was
 formed as well as searching for new stars and any signs of 
extraterrestrial life.<br />
<br />
<b>The Mars probe</b><br />
China isn’t just keeping an eye (and ear) on the heavens, it has a very active space programme too.<br />
In fact, China’s space age started in 1970 when its first satellite Dongfanghong 1 was sent into orbit.<br />
Since then there have been more satellites, rockets and, in 2003, the first taikonauts, as China calls its astronauts.<br />
In 2013 China landed the first probe on the moon for nearly 40 years.<br />
<br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="https://assets.weforum.org/editor/tTztJPuD6UktzXQJ2VnecnTKk3Be-JcaZC8fthpDyOE.jpg" src="https://assets.weforum.org/editor/tTztJPuD6UktzXQJ2VnecnTKk3Be-JcaZC8fthpDyOE.jpg" /><br />
Moon landing<br />
Image: Chinese Academy of Sciences / China National Space Administration<br />
The country plans to send another probe to the moon in 2018 but, more 
ambitiously still, has committed to sending a mission to Mars by 2021.<br />
<br />
Wu Weiren, chief designer of China’s moon and Mars mission, <a class="externalLink" href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36085659" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">told the BBC</a>: "We will orbit Mars, land and deploy a rover, all in one mission."<br />
While the budgets for the US and Russian space programmes have shrunk 
considerably since their heyday during the Cold War, funding for China’s
 space programme is rising.<br />
<br />
<b>The space station</b><br />
While many of the world’s space agencies, such as NASA, ESA and 
Roscosmos, are civilian organizations, China’s space programme is 
military.<br />
And that means taikonauts cannot currently go to the International Space
 Station as the US says it fears sharing its technology could result in a
 breach of America’s national security.<br />
China’s solution? It is building a space station of its own. A prototype
 space lab, Tiangong-2, will launch this year, and a larger version will
 follow.<br />
<br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="https://assets.weforum.org/editor/Mw1LKfwz4gl_vl2uqtqfASdHPbAbDsDP047WMtMZv20.jpg" height="324" src="https://assets.weforum.org/editor/Mw1LKfwz4gl_vl2uqtqfASdHPbAbDsDP047WMtMZv20.jpg" width="640" /><br />
What the Tiangong-2 will look like<br />
Image: People’s Daily<br />
That China is able to go it alone with a project of this size shows just
 how much money is being allocated to this kind of cutting-edge science 
and how determined the country is to become a world leader.<br />
<br />
<b>The super-collider</b><br />
When the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) built the 
Large Hadron Collider, it was by far the world’s largest and most 
powerful <a class="externalLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collider" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">particle collider</a>, as well as being <a class="externalLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_megaprojects#Science_projects" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">the largest, most complex experimental facility</a> ever built and the largest machine in the world.<br />
Built in collaboration with over 10,000 scientists and engineers from 
more than 100 countries, the collider is in a 27 kilometre tunnel 
beneath the <a class="externalLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France%E2%80%93Switzerland_border" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">France–Switzerland border</a> near <a class="externalLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Geneva</a>.<br />
That all adds up to an impressive project by anyone’s standards, but China <a class="externalLink" href="http://www.nature.com/news/china-plans-super-collider-1.15603" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">now plans</a>
 to build a much bigger one. It has announced its intention to build a 
particle collider between 50 and 100km in circumference, with the first 
phase of the project's construction scheduled to begin between 2020 and 
2025.<br />
The facility is expected to generate millions of Higgs bosons, sometimes
 dubbed the “God particle”. These endow mass, making them a fundamental 
building block of the universe.<br />
The project is intended to generate seven times the energy of CERN’s 
collider, where the particle’s existence was demonstrated in 2012.<br />
<br />
<b>The deepsea submersible</b><br />
<br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="https://assets.weforum.org/editor/jaqhd-sFH4KZU-V-tLFaoN0r2ovFpfR6zILMdBE0H_s.jpg" height="446" src="https://assets.weforum.org/editor/jaqhd-sFH4KZU-V-tLFaoN0r2ovFpfR6zILMdBE0H_s.jpg" width="640" /><br />
The Jiaolong submersible<br />
Image: Xinhua news agency<br />
In 2012, China’s deepsea exploration project reached new heights when it
 plunged to new depths; one of its research submersibles descended more 
than 7,000 metres below the surface.<br />
<br />
By reaching the hadal zone – the deepest part of the ocean, which begins
 at 6,000 metres – China became a member of an elite group of nations 
able to reach such depths. And it plans to go further.<br />
Over the next five years, Chinese scientists <a class="externalLink" href="http://www.nature.com/news/what-china-s-latest-five-year-plan-means-for-science-1.19590" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">will build</a>
 one crewed and one un-crewed submersible, according to a plan released 
by the science ministry. Each will be able to reach depths of 11,000 
metres, the very bottom of the hadal zone. "For deepsea technology, this
 five years will be a golden period,” says Cui Weicheng of the Hadal 
Science and Technology Research Center at Shanghai Ocean University.<br />
China hopes that by becoming a world leader in ocean science it will 
attain advanced scientific capabilities in many other areas, too. By 
pushing the boundaries of exploration in space and the 
subatomic-particle level, it is already transforming itself into one of 
the most scientifically developed nations in the world.
     <br />
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<br />
China’s economic power has grown at breakneck speed. Its 
ever-strengthening political might reflects that fact, as does an 
increase in its military muscle. But there are other, less obvious, 
areas in which China is rapidly becoming a world leader.<br />
Scientific research is something that the country is already doing on an
 enormous scale. And when the National People’s Congress approved its <a class="externalLink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-35818730" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">13th Five-Year Plan</a>earlier this year, <a class="externalLink" href="http://www.nature.com/news/what-china-s-latest-five-year-plan-means-for-science-1.19590" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">it was clear</a> scientific innovation was being further embedded as a national priority.<br />
China intends research expenditure <a class="externalLink" href="http://www.nature.com/news/what-china-s-latest-five-year-plan-means-for-science-1.19590" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">to rise to 2.5%</a> of gross domestic product by 2020, from less than 2.2% over the past five years.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<br /></div>
</div>

Most significant scientific projects that put China on the map

Here are some of China’s most significant scientific projects. The super-telescope As symbols of scientific power, this takes some ...

Hypersonic Engine Wins Award, Reshapes Speed Race?

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<img alt="China Hypersonic Plane" class="full-width unveil-processed full-visible" data-lgsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/chinese_hypersonic_uav.jpg?itok=7__Q-9Bz" data-medsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/chinese_hypersonic_uav.jpg?itok=xb_uBo7L" data-smsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/chinese_hypersonic_uav.jpg?itok=diT_Yybw" data-src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/chinese_hypersonic_uav.jpg?itok=xb_uBo7L" height="480" src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/chinese_hypersonic_uav.jpg?itok=xb_uBo7L" width="640" /><div class="caption-wrapper">
<a class="colorbox-button color-processed cboxElement linkTargets-processed" href="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/chinese_hypersonic_uav.jpg?itok=7__Q-9Bz"> </a>
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    The Future?<br />

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    Grassroots (artist)<br />

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    Professor Wang's scramjet, together with combined cycle engines, 
could allow China to fly Mach 6 airplanes, like this fan art, which 
could fly anywhere in the world in under three hours, at speeds and 
altitudes imprevious to modern air defenses.  It is highly likely that 
due to the nature of material sciences and laws physics, hypersonic 
aircraft like the American SR-72 and its Chinese counterparts would look
 similar to each other (like how most modern attack submarines share the
 same general shape).<br />
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<img alt="China Scramjet Hypersonic" class="full-width unveil-processed full-visible" data-lgsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/chinese_waverider.jpg?itok=Gqs9k0qL" data-medsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/chinese_waverider.jpg?itok=1kpY_PAe" data-smsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/chinese_waverider.jpg?itok=AH3b_ag6" data-src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/chinese_waverider.jpg?itok=1kpY_PAe" height="494" src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/chinese_waverider.jpg?itok=1kpY_PAe" width="640" /><div class="caption-wrapper">
<a class="colorbox-button color-processed cboxElement linkTargets-processed" href="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/chinese_waverider.jpg?itok=Gqs9k0qL"> </a>
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    Scramjet Concept<br />

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<div class="field-credit">
    Henri K<br />

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    This schematic from a Chinese academic journal shows a proposed 
Chinese scramjet.  The scramjet developed and flown by Professor Wang's 
group would likely resemble this drawing.<br />
<br />

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<div data-adafter="false">
Global Times 
newspaper declared Upon NASA's discovery of liquid Martian water last 
week. </div>
<div data-adafter="false">
And thanks to Professor Wang Zhengou of the National Defense 
Science and Technology University, China has a critical piece of 
technology not just to get into space, but also into the global 
hypersonic arms race.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<img alt="CSAA Feng Ru Award 2015" class="full-width unveil-processed full-visible" data-lgsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/castc2015_award.jpg?itok=H1VFJ6Zl" data-medsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/castc2015_award.jpg?itok=OeXqhKoE" data-smsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/castc2015_award.jpg?itok=_tEGPeg9" data-src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/castc2015_award.jpg?itok=OeXqhKoE" height="426" src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/castc2015_award.jpg?itok=OeXqhKoE" width="640" /><div class="caption-wrapper">
<a class="colorbox-button color-processed cboxElement linkTargets-processed" href="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/castc2015_award.jpg?itok=H1VFJ6Zl"> </a>
  <div class="field-title">
    Feng Ru<br />

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<div class="field-credit">
    CSAA<br />

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    Professor Wang Zhenguo was one of the nine recipients of the 2nd Feng Ru awards at CSAA's biennial conference in September 2015.<br />
<br />

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Scramjet engines mix together air and liquid 
fuel at supersonic speeds, to result in the rapid combustion that 
propels aircraft and missiles at hypersonic speeds over Mach 5.  In 
September 2015, Professor Wang received an award from the Chinese 
Society for Aeronautics and Astronautics (CSAA) for the successful 
development of China's first scramjet engine over the past decade.  In 
fact, Professor Wang took the top billing at the 2nd China Aeronautical 
Science and Technology Conference (CASTC2015) Feng Ru Aviaion Science 
& Technology Elite Awards (Feng Ru was an early 20th century Chinese
 aviation pioneer).  CSAA took pains to mention that the 
kerosene-powered scramjet engine has successfully conducted flight 
tests, which makes China the second nation in the world, after the 
American X-43 and X-51 test vehicles, to develop a working scramjet 
engine for sustained atmospheric hypersonic flight.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<img alt="China Hypersonic Wind Tunnel Research" class="full-width unveil-processed full-visible" data-lgsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/jf-12_hypersonic_wind_tunnel.jpg?itok=aLaHT9nT" data-medsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/jf-12_hypersonic_wind_tunnel.jpg?itok=c_dJ9Vo7" data-smsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/jf-12_hypersonic_wind_tunnel.jpg?itok=MkafH6b5" data-src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/jf-12_hypersonic_wind_tunnel.jpg?itok=c_dJ9Vo7" height="453" src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/jf-12_hypersonic_wind_tunnel.jpg?itok=c_dJ9Vo7" width="640" /><div class="caption-wrapper">
<a class="colorbox-button color-processed cboxElement linkTargets-processed" href="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/jf-12_hypersonic_wind_tunnel.jpg?itok=aLaHT9nT"> </a>
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    JF-12 Hypersonic Wind Tunnel<br />

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    Xinhua News Agency<br />

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    The JF-12 Hypersonic Wind Tunnel began operations in March 2014. 
It is the world's largest hypersonic wind tunnel, capable of achieving 
speeds of Mach 5 to Mach 9.<br />
<br />

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While China's seemingly sudden success in 
hypersonic flight may be surprising to outside observers, hypersonic 
technology is a key part of the national security 863 research 
initiative.  In spite of longstanding Chinese difficulties in building 
turbofan engines, scramjet engines are a vastly different and emerging 
field that China has a opportunity to build a lead in.  Along with the 
successful hypersonic glider vehicle WU-14 tests (which demonstrated 
Chinese capability in working high strength, thermal resistant aerospace
 materials), China has the world's largest hypersonic wind tunnel, the 
JF-12.  The JF-12 can produce speeds of up to Mach 9 (NASA"s hypersonic 
wind tunnel reaches to only Mach 7).  The JF-12 would provide Chinese 
scientists with a convenient way to observe supersonic airflow of 
different scramjet configurations, in addition to directly testing 
material durability in laboratory conditions, rather than having to make
 difficult and expensive high-altitude engine test flights.</div>
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<img alt="China UAV Mach 4 Supersonic Hypersonic" class="full-width unveil-processed full-visible" data-lgsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/hypersonic_testbed.jpg?itok=l5IATJEe" data-medsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/hypersonic_testbed.jpg?itok=-oz7JG7M" data-smsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/hypersonic_testbed.jpg?itok=rRHwRt1X" data-src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/hypersonic_testbed.jpg?itok=-oz7JG7M" height="391" src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/hypersonic_testbed.jpg?itok=-oz7JG7M" width="640" /><div class="caption-wrapper">
<a class="colorbox-button color-processed cboxElement linkTargets-processed" href="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/hypersonic_testbed.jpg?itok=l5IATJEe"> </a>
  <div class="field-title">
    The Missing Drone<br />

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<div class="field-credit">
    Bai Wei via lt.cjdby.net<br />

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<div class="field-body">
    China was rumored to make the first flight of a Mach 4+ test 
drone in September 2015.  Launched from a H-6 carrier aircraft, the 
drone fired up its combined cycle turbo-ramjet engine to accelerate from
 subsonic to high supersonic speeds.  If the yanked CNA report is 
accurate, the UAV's ability to land makes it the fastest recoverable air
 breathing aircraft in the world.<br />
<br />

</div>
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<div data-adafter="false">
Professor Wang's award comes after an 
interesting rumor making the rounds about Chinese supersonic flight.  On
 September 18, 2015, China Aviation News, a respected source on Chinese 
aerospace developments, posted an article on the successful test flight 
of a Mach 4+ reusable UAV testbed that used a variable cycle 
turbo-ramjet engine (the engine uses a turbofan/turbojet at lower 
speeds, but redirects air to the ramjet at speeds above Mach 2.0).  In 
comparison, the SR-71 only flew at speeds of about Mach 3.2.  However, 
China Aviation News quickly yanked the article in a matter of hours, 
suggesting that they may have inadvertently (or deliberately as a 
signal) posted restricted information.</div>
<div data-adafter="false">
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<img alt="China Combined Cycle Turbo-ramjet engine Variable Cycle" class="full-width unveil-processed full-visible" data-lgsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/chinese_combined_cycle_engine.jpg?itok=Nc4IptoZ" data-medsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/chinese_combined_cycle_engine.jpg?itok=2bZCD0bP" data-smsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/chinese_combined_cycle_engine.jpg?itok=Uk1ioWfj" data-src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/chinese_combined_cycle_engine.jpg?itok=2bZCD0bP" height="384" src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/chinese_combined_cycle_engine.jpg?itok=2bZCD0bP" width="640" /><div class="caption-wrapper">
<a class="colorbox-button color-processed cboxElement linkTargets-processed" href="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/chinese_combined_cycle_engine.jpg?itok=Nc4IptoZ"> </a>
  <div class="field-title">
    Combined Cycle Engine<br />

</div>
<div class="field-credit">
    shinobiyan at cjdby.net<br />

</div>
<div class="field-body">
    The combined cycle engine shares the same inlet and exhaust 
nozzle for both the turbojet/turbofan and ramjet.  In the upper diagram,
 the air intake ramps behind the ramjet spike direct airflow into the 
turbo core.  In the bottom diagram, the air intake ramps gradually block
 off air flow to the turbo core, redirectly air into the ramjet 
combustion engine for high supersonic (Mach 3.0-Mach 4.0).  Chinese 
combined cycle engines like this concept could be combined with the new 
scramjet to power hypersonic Chinese planes and missiles.<br />
<br />

</div>
</div>
</div>
<div data-adafter="false">
If it has flown, the Chinese variable cycle 
engine could be combined with Professor Wang's scramjet to form the holy
 grail of hypersonic flight, a combined turbine/scramjet engine. Such a 
combined engine would use subsonic speeds to takeoff, power the ramjet 
to high supersonic speeds, before transforming into scramjet mode for 
speeds above Mach 5.  Lockheed Martin has proposed using a similar 
concept of combined engines for the Mach 6 SR-72, a near-space UAV, to 
the US Air Force.</div>
<div data-adafter="false">
<br /></div>
<div class="media media-element-container media-default full-width color-processed" data-adafter="false">
<img alt="China Hypersonic Plane Bomber Shadow Dragon" class="full-width unveil-processed full-visible" data-lgsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/shadow_dragon.jpg?itok=YHmT8uFs" data-medsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/shadow_dragon.jpg?itok=WWguETuj" data-smsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/shadow_dragon.jpg?itok=PwvkRao2" data-src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/shadow_dragon.jpg?itok=WWguETuj" height="480" src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/shadow_dragon.jpg?itok=WWguETuj" width="640" /><div class="caption-wrapper">
<a class="colorbox-button color-processed cboxElement linkTargets-processed" href="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/shadow_dragon.jpg?itok=YHmT8uFs"> </a>
  <div class="field-title">
    Shadow Dragon Hypersonic Bomber<br />

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    Wendell Minnick<br />

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    The Shadow Dragon hypersonic bomber concept, from the PLAAF's 
Engineering College, won a second prize in the 4th National Future 
Aircraft Design Competition at the 2010 Zhuhai Airshow. The Shadow 
Dragon and other aircraft like it would be powered by scramjet 
technology that China is now racing to take a lead in.<br />

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</article><i><span class="author"><span class="label">By</span>
  
    Jeffrey Lin and P.W. Singer | Popular Science  
</span></i><br />
<br />
<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<b>J-31 Gyrfalcon
</b><br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="460" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/BKwhTsU6qKY" width="660"></iframe>

Hypersonic Engine Wins Award, Reshapes Speed Race?

The Future? Grassroots (artist) ...

HQ-19 Anti-Ballistic Missile Interceptor

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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDsxKnV0lnQ9ytLSOETicJm6D7l0d2A8MiuZy7XXCgm1TDK3aC8IP_ZnAMgZsQyd0w_fvs1vHzNbr8eksA3mPmpeHvm9qBmGR2AXWw4Ow1yVFLPG5ZTnBbYa1ECsl7JGstEKzX_ZzF5KU/s1600/HQ-19A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="HQ-19A" border="0" height="430" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDsxKnV0lnQ9ytLSOETicJm6D7l0d2A8MiuZy7XXCgm1TDK3aC8IP_ZnAMgZsQyd0w_fvs1vHzNbr8eksA3mPmpeHvm9qBmGR2AXWw4Ow1yVFLPG5ZTnBbYa1ECsl7JGstEKzX_ZzF5KU/s640/HQ-19A.jpg" title="HQ-19A" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">HQ-19A is armed with a dual purpose <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere" title="Exosphere">exosphere</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_kill_vehicle" title="Kinetic kill vehicle">kinetic kill vehicle</a> (kkv) warhead which can be used against ballistic missile or  <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">Low Earth orbits satellites</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
The HQ-9B, HQ-19 [THAAD counterpart], HQ-26 [SM-3 counterpart] and HQ-29
 [PAC-3 counterpart] are designed primarily for Anti Ballistic Missile 
capabilities. While the HQ-9A air defense variant of the HQ-9 series is 
very well attested, the remaining theater missile defense interceptors 
are poorly attested, and verge on being little more than rumors.<br />
<br />
The only official document that clearly states the designation <a href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/world/china/hq-19.htm" target="_blank">HQ-19</a> is a
 document entitled "The needs analysis propulsion system of tactical 
missiles and direction of development for solid propellant engine", 
dating from 2000 and written by the Institute 41 CCAC Group (China 
Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation). This paper analyzes 
firstly the risks and types of conflict that China may face up to 2010 
(The document is dated 2000, and speaks of "in 10 years"), and gives 
types of tactical missiles to develop a priority to deal with these 
external threats. In subsection 3.4, a priority is given to the need for
 an anti-missile system capable of intercepting high altitude heads 
ballistic missile whose range is 3000km, phase re-entry. And in response
 to this paragraph 3.4, in section 4.4 it is clearly stated "Developing 
solid propellant engines that meet the needs of anti-missile systems 
area at high altitude," a concept close to American THAAD ( Terminal 
High Altitude Area Defense).<br />
<br />
Finally, in paragraph 5.4 of the document, it gives the status of the 
development of the HQ-19 motor - a solid propellant engine demonstration
 with a specific impulse of 260s, mass ratio of 0.85 and able to provide
 the necessary power for maneuverability 60g to track down the head of 
ballistic missile, a "completed the design phase, fabrication and 
testing", "testing validated the carbon fiber shell and propellant 
N-15B."<br />
<br />
The <a href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/world/china/hq-19.htm" target="_blank">HQ-19 missile is a project launched in the late 1990s</a>. In 1995 the 
Chinese started serious studies of a kinetic kill vehicle KKV under 
Program 863. In 1986, to meet the global challenges of new technology 
revolution and competition, four Chinese scientists, WANG Daheng, WANG 
Ganchang, YANG Jiachi, and CHEN Fangyun, jointly proposed to accelerate 
China’s high-tech development. With strategic vision and resolution, the
 late Chinese leader Mr. DENG Xiaoping personally approved the National 
High-tech R&D Program, namely the 863 Program. Implemented during 
three successive Five-year Plans, the program has boosted China’s 
overall high-tech development, R&D capacity, socio-economic 
development, and national security. In April 2001, the Chinese State 
Council approved continued implementation of the program in the 10th 
Five-year Plan. As one of the national S&T program trilogy in the 
10th Five-year Plan, 863 Program continues to play its important role.<br />
<br />
In 1999, the first Chinese KKV made the suspension tests successfully 
flight, China became the second country in the world to have mastered 
the technology. The first test of V & V was held in 2003 with 
success. It was in final certification. HQ-19 has a KKV of about 35kg, 
the system performance would be similar to the US THAAD. Another R &
 D document mentions a technology demonstration at the HQ-19 engines in 
2000, led by the Academy 4 CCAC group. The demonstration also validated 
"hull carbon fiber" and "rocket N-15B".<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 15px;"><b>S-400 Triumf</b></span><br />
It is believed by some that the Russian S-400 Triumf surface-to-air 
missile system was a joint development program, but others say that 
HQ-19 has nothing to do with S-400 [according to one source, "and I say 
this with certainty." China has shown interest in acquiring Russia’s 
newest long-range SAM, the S-400 TRIUMF, but a contract has not been 
signed yet and Russian officials have stated China would not receive the
 S-400 until at least 2017. This SAM can target aircraft, cruise 
missiles, and tactical and medium-range ballistic missiles.<br />
<br />
The deployment of the Russian S-400 surface-to-air missile system will 
substantially improve China's air defense capability, military experts 
said as Russian media reported 16 April 2015 that China has bought the 
cutting-edge weapon.<br />
<br />
"The S-400 is definitely one of the top anti-aircraft weapons in the 
world. It will greatly supplement the People's Liberation Army's air 
defense system, which now has some loopholes in long-range, 
high-altitude defense of airplanes or ballistic missiles," said Wang 
Ya'nan, deputy editor-in-chief of Aerospace Knowledge magazine.<br />
<br />
"The system has multiple types of missiles with various ranges, enabling
 it to safeguard a very large area of airspace. Some of its missiles are
 even specifically designed to intercept ballistic missiles," Wang said.
 "Moreover, some of its launch tubes can store and launch several 
different missiles, which makes it very convenient and fast to use."<br />
<br />
Russia has a long history of developing anti-aircraft and missile 
defense weapons, so the S-400 is a concentration of some of the most 
advanced missile technologies Russia has, such as an active 
electronically scanned array radar, according to Wang. "China still 
lacks experience in the development of long-range air defense systems, 
especially those that can intercept ballistic missiles. There is no 
shortcut because the development of such sophisticated weapons requires a
 great number of experiments and tests. It is a matter of time and 
resource input," he added.<br />
<br />
According to Russian media reports, the S-400 is a new-generation, 
anti-aircraft weapon system capable of engaging any aerial target, 
including airplanes, helicopters and drones, as well as cruise and 
tactical ballistic missiles, with a maximum speed of 4.8 km per second. 
The system's 40N6 missile can destroy airborne targets at ranges up to 
400 km.<br />
<br />
Anatoly Isaikin, chief executive of the Russian state-run arms trader 
Rosoboronexport, confirmed on Monday that China has a contract with his 
company for the purchase of the S-400 air defense systems. "I will not 
disclose the details of the contract, but yes, China has indeed become 
the first buyer of this sophisticated Russian air defense system. It 
underlines once again the strategic level of our relations," Isaikin 
told the Russian newspaper Kommersant.<br />
<br />
China clinched the deal in September at a cost of more than $3 billion 
for the delivery of at least six S-400 battalions, Moscow Times 
reported. Currently, China relied on its domestically developed HQ-9 and
 the Russian-made S-300 missile system, according to Western military 
observers.<br />
<br />
Du Wenlong, a senior researcher at the PLA Academy of Military Science, 
said the operational ranges of modern military aircraft and missiles are
 much longer than their predecessors, so an effective defense system 
must have long-range missiles that can hit aircraft as well as cruise 
missiles and tactical ballistic missiles. "Our air force has deployed 
the Russian S-300 systems, which are good at dealing with aircraft, but 
their performance in intercepting cruise missiles and tactical ballistic
 missiles is not very satisfactory," he said. "After we commission the 
S-400, it can work with the HQ-9 and S-300 to form a fully covered air 
defense network."<br />
<br />
Zhao Zhihua, a senior missile researcher at China Aerospace Science and 
Industry Corp, a major developer of China's missiles, said that through 
the introduction of the S-400, China can gain a lot of experience and 
expertise on how to operate a missile defense system. "Operating such a 
complex system will go beyond our current knowledge and experience, 
which in turn will teach us things that we don't know, so it is worthy 
spending big money buying it," he previously told the Ordnance Industry 
Science and Technology magazine.  <i><a class="externalLink" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/world/china/hq-19.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">HQ-19</a></i><br />
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<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">HQ-9 launching </span></b><br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="http://www.chinanews.com/cr/2016/0222/1157476925.jpg" height="426" src="http://www.chinanews.com/cr/2016/0222/1157476925.jpg" width="640" /><br />
<br />
<img alt="Chinese HQ-9 launcher.jpg" data-file-height="1155" data-file-width="1600" height="288" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Chinese_HQ-9_launcher.jpg/300px-Chinese_HQ-9_launcher.jpg" width="400" /><br />
HQ-9 air defence system, with a range of about 200km (125 miles)<br />
  <br />
HQ-9’s guidance system is modeled on the Patriot’s. Which means that 
the <a href="http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/look-out-america-chinas-missile-deployment-only-the-15236" target="_blank">HQ-9 might use the Patriot’s “track-via-missile” guidance system</a>—allowing the HQ-9 interceptor to fly directly at an incoming 
missile. The HQ-9—like the Patriot—would either explode as it nears the 
target or directly hit the incoming missile.<br />
Either way, the incoming 
target is either destroyed or knocked off its trajectory.<br />
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
Further, some sources suggest that the HQ-9—unlike its American and 
Russian contemporaries —uses active electronically scanned array radar 
technology.<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<a class="externalLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HQ-9" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">HQ-9 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</a><br /></div>
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<br /><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></b></div>
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_High_Altitude_Area_Defense" target="_blank">THAAD. </a></span></b><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_High_Altitude_Area_Defense" target="_blank">(Terminal High Altitude Area Defense)</a></span><br />
<b>  </b><br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="http://www.armyrecognition.com/images/stories/north_america/united_states/missile_vehicle_system/thaad/thaad_terminal_high_altitude_area_defense_united_states_US_Army_American_left_side_view_001.jpg" height="284" src="http://www.armyrecognition.com/images/stories/north_america/united_states/missile_vehicle_system/thaad/thaad_terminal_high_altitude_area_defense_united_states_US_Army_American_left_side_view_001.jpg" width="400" /><br />
<br />
<img alt="THAAD Launcher.jpg" data-file-height="518" data-file-width="675" height="306" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/THAAD_Launcher.jpg/300px-THAAD_Launcher.jpg" width="400" /><br />
The missile carries no warhead but relies on the kinetic energy of the impact<br />
<br />
<br />
<img alt="File:Wfm thaad diagram.svg" data-file-height="524" data-file-width="790" height="424" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wfm_thaad_diagram.svg/790px-Wfm_thaad_diagram.svg.png" width="640" /><br />
THAAD missile diagram, estimated range of 125 miles (200 km)<br />
<br />
<br /></div>

HQ-19 Anti-Ballistic Missile Interceptor

HQ-19A is armed with a dual purpose exosphere kinetic kill vehicle (kkv) warhead which can be used against ballistic missile or Low Ea...

Low Altitude Guard II: can shoot down drones and aircraft with its 30 kilowatt laser

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<img alt="China Low Altitude Guard II Laser Weapon" class="full-width shareable unveil-processed full-visible" data-lgsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/images/2016/09/screenshot_2016-09-21_23.18.51.png?itok=vwHyN82o&fc=50,50" data-medsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/images/2016/09/screenshot_2016-09-21_23.18.51.png?itok=NZhNLIeX&fc=50,50" data-smsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/images/2016/09/screenshot_2016-09-21_23.18.51.png?itok=NCQ-b6Cu&fc=50,50" data-src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/images/2016/09/screenshot_2016-09-21_23.18.51.png?itok=vwHyN82o&fc=50,50" data-xlsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/xl_1x_/public/images/2016/09/screenshot_2016-09-21_23.18.51.png?itok=naGBT_xK&fc=50,50" height="562" src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/images/2016/09/screenshot_2016-09-21_23.18.51.png?itok=vwHyN82o&fc=50,50" width="1000" /><a class="colorbox-button cboxElement linkTargets-processed" href="http://www.popsci.com/china-sells-new-laser-gun"> </a><div class="caption-wrapper indent">
  <div class="field-credit">
    Army Recognition<br />

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<div class="field-title">
    LAG II<br />

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<div class="field-body">
    Resulting from a private/public partnership, the LAG II laser is 
one of the most powerful operational laser weapons, initially designed 
to shoot down drones.<br />

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At
 the Africa Aerospace and Defense 2016 tradeshow in South Africa, Poly 
Technologies revealed new details about its lethal laser gun, the Low 
Altitude Guard II.</div>
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  <div class="field-credit">
    <a class="vglnk" href="http://toutiao.com/" rel="nofollow"><span>toutiao</span><span>.</span><span>com</span></a><br />

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<div class="field-title">
    Laser Truck<br />

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<div class="field-body">
    The Low Altitude Guard II is a more powerful, mobile follow up to
 the laser turret, one with potential military applications that goes 
beyond just shooting down drones to possibly defending against mortar 
and rocket attacks.<br />
<br />

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Built
 as a joint venture by the Chinese Academy of Physics Engineering and 
Jiuyuan Hi Tech Equipment Corporation, and marketed by Poly 
Technologies, the Low Altitude Guard I first debuted in 2014. LAG I was 
marketed as a law enforcement/counter terrorism tool, using its 
electroptical sensors to target errant and rogue UAVs. By knocking small
 targets down using lasers, the changes of collateral damage were 
reduced compared to explosive anti-aircraft artillery or missiles.</div>
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<img alt="China Low Altitude Guard II Laser Weapon" class="full-width shareable unveil-processed full-visible" data-lgsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/images/2016/09/screenshot_2016-09-21_23.21.01.png?itok=phxffM93&fc=50,50" data-medsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/images/2016/09/screenshot_2016-09-21_23.21.01.png?itok=Uigpn6bH&fc=50,50" data-smsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/images/2016/09/screenshot_2016-09-21_23.21.01.png?itok=j0yE5r50&fc=50,50" data-src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/images/2016/09/screenshot_2016-09-21_23.21.01.png?itok=phxffM93&fc=50,50" data-xlsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/xl_1x_/public/images/2016/09/screenshot_2016-09-21_23.21.01.png?itok=nEOuqLa7&fc=50,50" height="562" src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/images/2016/09/screenshot_2016-09-21_23.21.01.png?itok=phxffM93&fc=50,50" width="1000" /><a class="colorbox-button cboxElement linkTargets-processed" href="http://www.popsci.com/china-sells-new-laser-gun"> </a><div class="caption-wrapper indent">
  <div class="field-credit">
    Army Recognition. <i>Popular Science</i><br />

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    Laser to Go<br />

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<div class="field-body">
    Despite its powerful punch, Chinese laser technology is compact 
enough to put a 30 kilowatt laser on a four wheel light truck.  The LAG 
II is generally marketed as a counterterrorist/paramilitary tool, 
raising questions about how much more powerful actual Chinese military 
lasers are.<br />
<br />

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Compared
 with its predecessor, LAG II is more apparently militarized. Its range 
is doubled to 4 km and has a 300 percent increase in maximum power 
output to 30 kilowatts.  That's comparable to the Laser Weapons System 
(LAWS) installed on the USS <em>Ponce</em>, which has a range of 15-50 kilowatts for attacking UAVs, small boats, and helicopters.</div>
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<img alt="China laser weapon low altitude guard II" class="full-width shareable unveil-processed full-visible" data-lgsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/low_altitude_guard_ii_2.jpg?itok=t1Gg1j2c" data-medsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/low_altitude_guard_ii_2.jpg?itok=Bg6wfZ5e" data-smsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/low_altitude_guard_ii_2.jpg?itok=3zHnwhoW" data-src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/low_altitude_guard_ii_2.jpg?itok=t1Gg1j2c" data-xlsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/xl_1x_/public/low_altitude_guard_ii_2.jpg?itok=A5W9fJGD" height="750" src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/low_altitude_guard_ii_2.jpg?itok=t1Gg1j2c" width="1000" /><a class="colorbox-button cboxElement linkTargets-processed" href="http://www.popsci.com/china-sells-new-laser-gun"> </a><div class="caption-wrapper indent">
  <div class="field-credit">
    *CCTV. <i>Popular Science</i><br />

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    Surprise!<br />

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    The LAG II has a removable dome that protects the laser's 
electro-optical camera and active components when not in combat (also 
good for camouflaging the laser when in transit).<br />

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Poly
 Technology representatives told media that the LAG II can be either 
mounted on a medium sized truck, or a 6X6 armored personnel carrier, to 
provide frontline protection against small drones. (The display in South
 Africa follows earlier state television broadcasts in November 2015 
that showed that the PLA was testing the LAG II to defend against small 
UAVs and other aircraft). </div>
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The LAG II's eletro-optical guidance system 
is suitable for knocking out drones (and possibly larger manned, slow 
aircraft), but would require more sophisticated fire control sensors to 
target fast-moving objects like incoming artillery shells, cruise 
missiles, and rockets.</div>
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<img alt="CH-901 China UAV Loitering Munition" class="full-width shareable unveil-processed full-visible" data-lgsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/ch-901_2.jpg?itok=nfINKi9A&fc=50,50" data-medsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/ch-901_2.jpg?itok=oHg9GtT_&fc=50,50" data-smsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/ch-901_2.jpg?itok=M0R4XuZC&fc=50,50" data-src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/ch-901_2.jpg?itok=nfINKi9A&fc=50,50" data-xlsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/xl_1x_/public/ch-901_2.jpg?itok=rIAL4WOM&fc=50,50" height="563" src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/ch-901_2.jpg?itok=nfINKi9A&fc=50,50" width="1000" /><a class="colorbox-button cboxElement linkTargets-processed" href="http://www.popsci.com/china-sells-new-laser-gun"> </a><div class="caption-wrapper indent">
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    Richard Fisher, IHS Janes. <br />

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    CH-901<br />

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    The CH-901, a micro-UAV. While a useful recon tool, it can 
kamikaze into enemy forces and detonate its warhead for some quick 
carnage. <i>Popular Science</i><br />

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Low Altitude Guard II: can shoot down drones and aircraft with its 30 kilowatt laser

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Errymath