China is making serious efforts to correct its longstanding
deficiency in aerial Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW), introducing the
Shaanxi Y-8Q (also designated as the Y-8GX6) aircraft painted in the
blue-gray People's Liberation Army Navy Air Force (PLANAF) colors into
operation. Previously, two Y-8Q prototypes had been flying for the past
several years as part of a rigorous testing and training regimen. Until
this month, China's only long-range aerial ASW capability came from
three Harbin SH-5 seaplanes, which are nearly thirty years old.
The Y-8Q is designed to overcome Chinese ASW deficiencies that would
cripple Chinese naval and civilian maritime activity in war. Some of its
technology, at least on the surface, compares favorably to the U.S.
P-3C Orion and P-8 Poseidon, and the Japanese P-1. The Y-8Q's most
distinctive feature is its seven-meter-long Magnetic Anomaly Detector
(MAD) boom, which detects the magnetic signature of enemy submarines'
metal hulls as the Y-8Q flies over them. Since MAD performance
correlates to size, and it's seven-meter MAD boom is arguably the
largest of its kind among airplanes, the PLAN would have a fine weapon
for hunting otherwise stealthy submarines.
The Y-8Q also has an electro-optical turret forward of its bomb bay,
which has day, night and infrared cameras to hunt the heat signatures
and wakes of small watercraft, unmanned vehicles, and submarines
(especially snorkels and periscopes). Right under cockpit is a large
radome that, in addition to detecting submarine periscopes and wakes,
can provide targeting data via satellite link to Chinese aircraft and
warships when the Y-8Q finds enemy warships. The Y-8Q can also drop a
hundred sonobuoys to provide real time sonar coverage of seawater
expanses.
The exact weapons capacity of the plane's internal bomb bay is not
yet public, but one estimate is that the Y-8Q can carry probably over 10
tons. (By comparison, the Y-8 transport carries 20 tons of cargo.)
Likely weapons loadouts include torpedoes like the Yu-7, sea mines and
anti-ship missiles. The Y-8Q's large size and sensors could also allow
it to be a command center for underwater unmanned vehicles (UUVs) like
the Haiyan glider that would guard sectors of the ocean floor while the
Y-8Q flies off elsewhere.
Since the Y-8Q is extending Anti-Access/Area Denial operations
underwater, it is almost a given that China is going to invest in future
ASW methods. In the future, the Y-8Q may be equipped with more exotic
technologies like LIDAR (which uses laser beams to penetrate water to
detect objects), hard kill anti-torpedo systems, acoustic signals
intelligence and radiation detection (identify radiation from nuclear
reactors) that Chinese scientists are already beginning to research.
The Y-8Q will become a significant part of China's emerging ASW
operations. Its 5,000km range, wide sensor and weapon range and massive
payload will exponentially increase Chinese security against enemy
submarines off its coasts and into the East and South China Seas. When
combined with other ASW assets, such as underwater drones, missile
launched torpedoes and sonar towing Type 056 corvettes and Type 54A Frigatte, it could make
current and planned regional investment into submarines by China's
neighbors more of a risky proposition.
By
Jeffrey Lin and P.W. Singer. Popular Science