Errymath: JH-18

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From left to right: YLC-2A, JY-26 and JH-18.  
Note that CETC 
labelled the centre radar JY-26, even though it is completely different 
to the design shown in 2014. 
 
Although exhibited in public, data on the performance characteristics to
 back up the cutting-edge claims is less forthcoming. Anti-stealth 
radars typically operate at frequencies below 1GHz, because 
low-observable aircraft are designed
 to minimise their cross section to radars operating within radio 
spectrum covered by the IEEE S, C, and X bands (broadly 2-12 GHz). 
 
At lower frequencies, radar reflections increase as the wavelength 
becomes closer to the physical size of parts of the aircraft and also 
resonances may be induced in parts of the airframe by the radar pulse, 
increasing the aircraft's susceptibility to detection and tracking.

The JY-26 Skywatcher-U, an active electronically scanned array (AESA)
 radar operating in the VHF/UHF frequencies, debuted at the Zhuhai Air 
Show in 2014. Developed by the 14th Institute (Nanjing Research 
Institute of Electronics Technology, or NRIET), the trailer-mounted 
radar allegedly has a 500km detection range and can track 500 targets 
simultaneously.

Whilst in development in Shandong, operators claimed that it detected
 USAF F-22 fighters flying over South Korea. CETC states, ‘The radar is 
designed to meet air defence needs for decades to come,’ and that it is 
robust against jamming and electronic counter-countermeasures.

Oddly, in Zhuhai this year CETC showed a completely different JY-26 
radar design without the distinctive ‘bubble wrap’ transmit receive 
modules seen in the 2014 example. It is unclear whether this change 
relates to mislabelling, disinformation or redesign, but the 
manufacturer stated the JY-26 was ‘developed to be a mainstay radar in a
 national air defence system for long-range surveillance and tactical 
missile defence’. 
 
The YLC-2A is a solid-state, L-band, 3-D long-range surveillance 
radar mounted on an 8x8 truck. CETC stated, ‘It can be used as a 
national-level backbone intelligence radar providing comprehensive 
information…’ It can also serve as a target indication radar for air 
defence weapons.

The truck-mounted JH-18 is a multifunction 3-D low-altitude 
surveillance radar dedicated to detecting air and sea surface targets. 
It is a phased-array system that fills gaps left by more powerful 
surveillance radars. 
 
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="http://www.janes.com/images/assets/452/65452/1692618_-_main.jpg" src="http://www.janes.com/images/assets/452/65452/1692618_-_main.jpg" /> 
From left to right are the JY-27A, YLC-8B, and SLC-7. Source: Via dy.163.com 
 
 JY-27A 3-D long-range surveillance/guidance radar. Operating in the 
VHF band, it adopts 2-D electronic scanning in azimuth and elevation. It
 is active phased array system, and it is stated to be 
resistant to jamming and with ‘high measurement accuracy’. The 
trailer-mounted radar is in service and has been spotted in Shigatse, 
Tibet, for example.
 
There are unverified claims that the radar can pick up hostile 
stealth fighters at ranges of up to 500km. If these reports are 
accurate, such Chinese radars could swiftly nullify the advantages of 
stealth aircraft. The JY-27A is also designed to address the ballistic 
missile threat. 
 
The Nanjing Research Institute of Electronic Technology (NRIET) is at 
the forefront of CETC's programme and produced two of the units on 
display at the Zhuhai air show, the YLC-8B and SLC-7. 
 
While the YLC-8B, a 3-D surveillance radar that operates in the IEEE UHF band (300 Mhz-1 GHz), had already been exhibited at Zhuhai in 2014, the SLC-7 made its debut at the show this year. The long-range, early-warning 
YLC-8B is a UHF-band 3-D radar that appeared in Zhuhai two years ago. It
 utilises full coherent digital-pulse compression and moving target 
detection technology. 
 
The SLC-7 operates in the IEEE L-band (1-2 GHz). According to NRIET, it with digital scanning 
in azimuth and elevation, as well as mechanical scanning in azimuth. 
This was the first time this radar had been shown to the public. 
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It was ‘mainly for medium- and high-altitude, medium- 
and long-range target surveillance and indication tasks’. It is said to 
be able to detect stealth aircraft, cruise missiles and air-to-ground 
munitions out to a range of 300-400km.</div>
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 A CETC official was <a href="http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2041912/zhuhai-air-show-opens-j-20-stealth-fighter-likely-steal" target="_blank">quoted by the South China Morning Post</a>,
 ‘The SLC-7 is the export model. We are going to target potential 
clients such as Pakistan, Egypt, Iran and some Middle East countries 
that see the USAF as their enemy. Of course, the same model used by the 
PLAAF is much more advanced than the SLC-7.’ 
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The JY-50 is a 2-D passive radar for air surveillance and early warning in critical areas.

Yet another radar system was the JY-50, this being a 2-D passive 
system. It was ‘mainly for air surveillance and early 
warning in silence of vital and critical areas’. This truck-mounted 
digital radar is claimed to have an ‘excellent stealth target detection 
capability’.

China Electronics Corporation (CEC) is another radar manufacturer. 
The REL-4 is a long-range 3-D radar that operates in the L-band. This 
mechanically scanned system is used for target guidance and air 
surveillance. CEC said, ‘It can integrate and manage information from 
several radars to complete data fusion and to form an area network.’ 
 
CETC reported in September that the country’s first single-photon 
quantum radar system could detect stealthy aircraft at a 100km range 
using quantum entanglement. 
Such quantum-based radars mounted on vehicles or aircraft could 
detect stealthy aircraft at long ranges . 
DARPA and Lockheed Martin are investing in 
similar radar technologies.

CETC is working with scientists at the University of Science and 
Technology of China in Hefei, Anhui province, which has achieved many 
breakthroughs in quantum physics, including developing the world’s first
 quantum satellite.

With regional countries such as India, Japan and South Korea joining 
the US in inducting stealth fighters in coming years, China’s radar 
capabilities, whether hyped up or not, will give them pause for 
thought.

The exhibition of these radars at the Zhuhai Air Show also shows what
 technology is also available to export clients. 
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Anti-stealth radars on display at the Zhuhai Airshow 2016

From left to right: YLC-2A, JY-26 and JH-18 . Note that CETC labelled the centre radar JY-26, even though it is completely different ...

Errymath

Anti-stealth radars on display at the Zhuhai Airshow 2016

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