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Northrop Grumman's Idea Of A Sixth-Generation Fighter
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The fighter aircraft feature being highly maneuverable. The air intakes
sit atop the fighter’s fuselage to maximize low-observability and the
nose section is similar to the YF-23, with a bubble canopy, pointed
radome and a chine-line along the nose leading edge.
Underneath, bulging weapons bays can be made out, as well as
apertures possibly for optical targeting systems or even a laser. The
exhausts are pushed forward along the jet’s upper fuselage to mask their
heat signatures from lower viewing angles.
The idea is that combat aircraft can use solid-state laser systems defensively, creating a sanitized sphere of safety around the aircraft,
shooting down or critically damaging incoming missiles and approaching
aircraft with their laser turrets. They can also use such a system
offensively, leveraging their stealth capabilities to sneak up on enemy
aircraft and striking with speed-of-light accuracy.
Even attacking targets on the ground, such as individual people, with
pinpoint precision, or shooting down ballistic missiles and other
targets traditionally relegated to larger and much more complex ground
or sea-based weapon systems, are possibilities.
The introduction of nimble and compact lasers on the aerial
battlefield will likely allow fighter-sized combat aircraft designs to
cease putting a premium on maneuverability, as lasers are speed-of-light
weapons. In other words, as long as the enemy can be detected and is
within the laser’s range, they are at risk of being fried regardless of
how hard they try to evade via hard turns and other high-g maneuvers.
Countermeasures will become more about evading initial detection,
staying outside an opposing aircraft’s laser’s envelope, and confusing
targeting sensors than out-maneuvering the adversary. In other words,
the dogfights of the future will look nothing like they do today.
One issue pointed out by Northrop Grumman is that these lasers, along
with future engines and avionics, will put out a huge amounts of heat,
making thermal control a huge concern for stealthy aircraft. Infrared search and track systems,
both air and ground based, are only becoming more sensitive and
reliable as time goes on. As a result, future stealthy fighter aircraft
will have to keep their cool in order to remain undetected over the
battlefield.
One way the Pentagon and possibly some defense aerospace contractors
are looking at dealing with this problem will be by using a large
thermal accumulator to control the aircraft’s heat signature while using
laser weaponry, although Northrop Grumman seems to be pursuing a
different—albeit more shadowy—way of dealing with the problem.
Flightglobal.com talked with Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems President Tom Vice about the issue:
“Venting the heat offboard only raises the aircraft’s
visibility to heat-sealing sensors. Another option is to develop a
thermal accumulator, which is a path the Air Force Research Laboratory is pursuing under the INVENT program.
An electrical accumulator stores the energy onboard in the same way as a
hydraulic accumulator, releasing the latent energy as necessary to
generate a surge of power.
But Northrop’s sixth-generation fighter
concept eschews the accumulator concept for thermal management.
According to Vice, such a system imposes a limitation on the laser
weapon’s magazine size or firing rate, forcing the pilot to exit combat
until the accumulator is refilled with energy. Northrop is pursuing a
concept instead that does not rely on accumulators or offboard venting
to manage the heat, but Vice declines to elaborate on the company’s
specific approach to solving the thermal management problem.”
For a sixth-generation fighter like the ones depicted by Northrop
Grumman, top-end speed and maneuverability may be sacrificed to some
degree—at least, if the crank-kite flying wing design is used—in order
achieve many other enhanced capabilities at an affordable cost. For
instance, packing a laser system and long-range into a 9G tailless,
supersonic fighter design may not only be prohibitively expensive, but
also wasteful. By giving up maneuverability and high top-speed
performance for enhanced stealth and greater fuel and weapons capacity,
while relying on lasers instead of maneuverability for self defense,
little is lost while much is gained.


FA-XX program aims to replace the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet

Another design, from Lockheed sixth-generation fighter.
looks very much like Northrop’s own
YF-23 Black Widow, an aircraft that lost to Lockheed’s YF-22 Lightning during the
Advanced Tactical Fighter Competition of the early 1990s
Northrop Grumman Stealth Bomber Concept.
This is a clear extrapolation of what the company have already shown regarding their sixth generation fighter ambitions.