Long March-9 super-heavy launch vehicle for manned moon missions on drawing board

Long March-9

Long March-9 super-heavy launch vehicle for manned moon missions on drawing board

China is conducting preliminary research on a super-heavy launch vehicle that will be used in its manned missions to the moon.

"We are discussing the technological feasibility and requirements of the Long March-9, and research on the solutions to some technical difficulties have started," said Li Tongyu, head of aerospace products at the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology. "Its specifications will mostly be determined by a host of factors, including the government's space plan and the nation's overall industrial capability, as well as its engine's development."

The Long March-9's diameter and height will be much larger than those of the Long March-5, and its thrust will also be much stronger, he said.

"Our current launch vehicles, including the Long March-5, which is set to conduct its first launch soon, will be able to undertake the country's space activities planned for the coming 10 years, but for the nation's long-term space programs, their capabilities will not be enough," he added, emphasizing the necessity and significance of a super-heavy rocket.

"In addition, the cryogenic engine using liquid hydrogen fuel and liquid oxygen oxidizer (designed for the Long March-5) is not powerful enough for the Long March-9, so we need to develop a brand new engine for it to make sure the rocket has sufficient thrust."

Li's academy belongs to China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp, one of the major undertakers of China's space activities. It is also the leading space launch vehicle developer in China, producing all of the nation's strategic missiles and the Long March rocket family.

Li Jinghong, deputy chief designer of the Long March-3A at the academy, said estimates show the Long March-5 will have to use four launches to fulfill a manned mission to the moon while the Long March-9 will need only one.

The senior engineer noted that manned lunar missions will not be the sole use of the Long March-9, hinting that other deep-space exploration projects will also need the super-heavy vehicle.

"The diameter of the Long March-9 should be 8 to 10 meters, and its weight at launch should be at least 3,000 metric tons," he said.

According to an earlier report by China News Service, Liang Xiaohong, deputy head of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, disclosed that the Long March-9 is planned to have a maximum payload of 130 tons and its first launch will take place around 2028.

Liang urged the government to include the Long March-9's development in its space agenda as soon as possible so that China's rocket technologies will not lag behind those of other space powers.

Once the Long March-9 is developed and put into service, China will be able to go deeper into space, as it has begun to draw an ambitious blueprint for exploration beyond the moon.

The China National Space Administration has started preliminary research for the Mars exploration program and is persuading the government to include the project into the country's space agenda, according to Tian Yulong, secretary-general of the administration.

In November, China made public a prototype of its Mars rover at an air show in Zhuhai, Guangdong province.

Peng Tao, a space expert at the China Academy of Space Technology, the nation's leading developer of spacecraft, said at the exhibition that the country plans to conduct a Mars mission around 2020, which will include orbiting, landing and roaming operations by an unmanned probe.


Saturn-5 has 5 sets of 677 ton thrust gas generator cycle of F-1 kerosene / lox rocket (total take-off thrust of 3385 tons), China's current CZ9 schemes is YF500 booster first stage + kerosene / lox rocket 8 sets of 490 ton pressure afterburning (total take-off thrust of 3920 tons). from the view of combustion cycle , high pressure of course is more advanced than the gas generator cycle.
Chinese engineers are proposing a Moon rocket more powerful than the Saturn
V of the Apollo missions and matching the payload of NASA's ...

Chinese Super-Heavy Launcher Designs Exceed Saturn V - SpaceBanter.com
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Chinese Super-Heavy Launcher Designs Exceed Saturn V | AWIN content from Aviation Week





The "long march 5" height 59.5 meters, takeoff weight of 643 tons, 833.8 tons of takeoff thrust. Compared with the existing carrier rocket, the new generation of carrier rockets near earth orbit carrying capacity from 10 tons now increased to 25 tons, a geosynchronous transfer orbit carrying capacity can be expanded from 5.5 tonnes to 14 tons.

Delta-4 geostationary earth orbit (GTO) (elliptical orbit between low earth orbit and geostationary orbit): 13130 kg (28950 pounds),Geostationary earth orbit (GEO) 6275 kg.The earth escape orbit: 9306 kg.

Delta-4 takeoff weight about 733000 kg, less than the shuttle (2040000 kg) less.

That is to say, the Long March-5 synchronous transfer orbit 14 tons more than the delta type 4 (US) 13.3 tons, 12 tons of Ariane- 5 improved (Europe), 9.5 tons of H2A (Japan).

Although the Long March-5 will be launched 2015, but payload is over delta 4 and the Ariane and H2A.

Another point to note, the Long March 5 takeoff weight although less than Delta, but large payload. In "China's efforts 中国力度" video said very clearly, the Long March 5 using YF100 engine specific thrust 10% larger than Europe and japan. At present China and Russia "high pressure staged combustion of kerosene / lox rocket" is the world's most advanced, which has the advanced "specific thrust" meaning that produce more 10% thrust as same received basis , in turn, my rockets can be a bit smaller.



Mars probe


 

  

An artistic look at the Chang'e 5 robotic lunar sample return
craft that is slated to fly in 2017. Credit: China Space Website

    
 
YZ-1
Advanced Upper Stage(Space Bus)

 

Long March-5 (CZ-5), and Long March-7 (CZ-7)
       

Mars Rover (2018 ~ 2020 launch)


Chang'e -4 Model（ 2016 launch）


Jade Rabbit -2


Chang'e -5 （ 2017 launch）

New Wenchang Satellite Launch Center on Hainan island is reportedly completed and
will handle an array of Earth-orbiting and deep-space missions. Credit: CMSE