Errymath: telescope

Most significant scientific projects that put China on the map

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<b>Here are some of China’s most significant scientific projects.</b><br />
<br />
<b>The super-telescope</b><br />
As symbols of scientific power, this takes some beating.<br />
The 
Five-Hundred-Metre Aperture Spherical Telescope, or FAST, is a vast 
radio telescope which is substantially larger than the next largest one,
 the Aricebo Observatory, in Puerto Rico, with a diameter of 305 metres.<br />
The telescope, which is the size of 30 football pitches, has been built 
into a natural crater in the south-western province of Guizhou.<br />
<br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="https://assets.weforum.org/editor/vFEiT5mX-mJVPgefGWXqUhUfkr7LS-BkqHl5z2XfTIU.jpg" src="https://assets.weforum.org/editor/vFEiT5mX-mJVPgefGWXqUhUfkr7LS-BkqHl5z2XfTIU.jpg" /><br />
The Five-Hundred-Metre Aperture Spherical Telescope<br />
Image: Xinhua news agency<br />
The final touches are now being made to the $180 million project before it officially opens in September.<br />
<br />
The telescope is effectively a giant ear, listening for radio waves 
emitted by objects in deepest space. Because the waves have travelled 
for great distances in space they are incredibly weak, which is why 
bigger really is better.<br />
The telescope will help scientists learn more about how the universe was
 formed as well as searching for new stars and any signs of 
extraterrestrial life.<br />
<br />
<b>The Mars probe</b><br />
China isn’t just keeping an eye (and ear) on the heavens, it has a very active space programme too.<br />
In fact, China’s space age started in 1970 when its first satellite Dongfanghong 1 was sent into orbit.<br />
Since then there have been more satellites, rockets and, in 2003, the first taikonauts, as China calls its astronauts.<br />
In 2013 China landed the first probe on the moon for nearly 40 years.<br />
<br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="https://assets.weforum.org/editor/tTztJPuD6UktzXQJ2VnecnTKk3Be-JcaZC8fthpDyOE.jpg" src="https://assets.weforum.org/editor/tTztJPuD6UktzXQJ2VnecnTKk3Be-JcaZC8fthpDyOE.jpg" /><br />
Moon landing<br />
Image: Chinese Academy of Sciences / China National Space Administration<br />
The country plans to send another probe to the moon in 2018 but, more 
ambitiously still, has committed to sending a mission to Mars by 2021.<br />
<br />
Wu Weiren, chief designer of China’s moon and Mars mission, <a class="externalLink" href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36085659" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">told the BBC</a>: "We will orbit Mars, land and deploy a rover, all in one mission."<br />
While the budgets for the US and Russian space programmes have shrunk 
considerably since their heyday during the Cold War, funding for China’s
 space programme is rising.<br />
<br />
<b>The space station</b><br />
While many of the world’s space agencies, such as NASA, ESA and 
Roscosmos, are civilian organizations, China’s space programme is 
military.<br />
And that means taikonauts cannot currently go to the International Space
 Station as the US says it fears sharing its technology could result in a
 breach of America’s national security.<br />
China’s solution? It is building a space station of its own. A prototype
 space lab, Tiangong-2, will launch this year, and a larger version will
 follow.<br />
<br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="https://assets.weforum.org/editor/Mw1LKfwz4gl_vl2uqtqfASdHPbAbDsDP047WMtMZv20.jpg" height="324" src="https://assets.weforum.org/editor/Mw1LKfwz4gl_vl2uqtqfASdHPbAbDsDP047WMtMZv20.jpg" width="640" /><br />
What the Tiangong-2 will look like<br />
Image: People’s Daily<br />
That China is able to go it alone with a project of this size shows just
 how much money is being allocated to this kind of cutting-edge science 
and how determined the country is to become a world leader.<br />
<br />
<b>The super-collider</b><br />
When the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) built the 
Large Hadron Collider, it was by far the world’s largest and most 
powerful <a class="externalLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collider" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">particle collider</a>, as well as being <a class="externalLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_megaprojects#Science_projects" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">the largest, most complex experimental facility</a> ever built and the largest machine in the world.<br />
Built in collaboration with over 10,000 scientists and engineers from 
more than 100 countries, the collider is in a 27 kilometre tunnel 
beneath the <a class="externalLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France%E2%80%93Switzerland_border" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">France–Switzerland border</a> near <a class="externalLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Geneva</a>.<br />
That all adds up to an impressive project by anyone’s standards, but China <a class="externalLink" href="http://www.nature.com/news/china-plans-super-collider-1.15603" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">now plans</a>
 to build a much bigger one. It has announced its intention to build a 
particle collider between 50 and 100km in circumference, with the first 
phase of the project's construction scheduled to begin between 2020 and 
2025.<br />
The facility is expected to generate millions of Higgs bosons, sometimes
 dubbed the “God particle”. These endow mass, making them a fundamental 
building block of the universe.<br />
The project is intended to generate seven times the energy of CERN’s 
collider, where the particle’s existence was demonstrated in 2012.<br />
<br />
<b>The deepsea submersible</b><br />
<br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="https://assets.weforum.org/editor/jaqhd-sFH4KZU-V-tLFaoN0r2ovFpfR6zILMdBE0H_s.jpg" height="446" src="https://assets.weforum.org/editor/jaqhd-sFH4KZU-V-tLFaoN0r2ovFpfR6zILMdBE0H_s.jpg" width="640" /><br />
The Jiaolong submersible<br />
Image: Xinhua news agency<br />
In 2012, China’s deepsea exploration project reached new heights when it
 plunged to new depths; one of its research submersibles descended more 
than 7,000 metres below the surface.<br />
<br />
By reaching the hadal zone – the deepest part of the ocean, which begins
 at 6,000 metres – China became a member of an elite group of nations 
able to reach such depths. And it plans to go further.<br />
Over the next five years, Chinese scientists <a class="externalLink" href="http://www.nature.com/news/what-china-s-latest-five-year-plan-means-for-science-1.19590" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">will build</a>
 one crewed and one un-crewed submersible, according to a plan released 
by the science ministry. Each will be able to reach depths of 11,000 
metres, the very bottom of the hadal zone. "For deepsea technology, this
 five years will be a golden period,” says Cui Weicheng of the Hadal 
Science and Technology Research Center at Shanghai Ocean University.<br />
China hopes that by becoming a world leader in ocean science it will 
attain advanced scientific capabilities in many other areas, too. By 
pushing the boundaries of exploration in space and the 
subatomic-particle level, it is already transforming itself into one of 
the most scientifically developed nations in the world.
     <br />
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<br />
China’s economic power has grown at breakneck speed. Its 
ever-strengthening political might reflects that fact, as does an 
increase in its military muscle. But there are other, less obvious, 
areas in which China is rapidly becoming a world leader.<br />
Scientific research is something that the country is already doing on an
 enormous scale. And when the National People’s Congress approved its <a class="externalLink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-35818730" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">13th Five-Year Plan</a>earlier this year, <a class="externalLink" href="http://www.nature.com/news/what-china-s-latest-five-year-plan-means-for-science-1.19590" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">it was clear</a> scientific innovation was being further embedded as a national priority.<br />
China intends research expenditure <a class="externalLink" href="http://www.nature.com/news/what-china-s-latest-five-year-plan-means-for-science-1.19590" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">to rise to 2.5%</a> of gross domestic product by 2020, from less than 2.2% over the past five years.</div>
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Most significant scientific projects that put China on the map

Here are some of China’s most significant scientific projects. The super-telescope As symbols of scientific power, this takes some ...

FAST (Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope) Alien Hunting Telescope ready

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<br />
<br />
The largest radio telescope in history will be hooked up to one of the 
world's fastest computers for astronomical calculations as it searches 
for alien life and investigates dark matter.<br />
<br />
Data collected by the five-hundred-metre aperture spherical telescope 
(FAST)'s enormous dish, larger than 30 football fields, would overload 
an ordinary computer.<br />
The current fastest astronomical supercomputer is Japan's Aterui, which 
was upgraded last year to enable it to make 1,000 teraflops, or one 
thousand trillion, calculations per second.<br />
<br />
Sky Eye 1, FAST's "super brain", would be even faster.<br />
Ren Jingyang, vice president of China's largest high-performance 
computer company Sugon, told Xinhua that the Sky Eye 1 supercomputer 
would have a peak performance of "above" 1,000 teraflops to process the 
enormous amount of data from the project.<br />
The supercomputer will be hosted at a facility near the telescope with a
 high-speed data link connecting the two capable of transmitting up to 
100 gigabytes of data per second.<br />
<br />
While head and shoulders above regular computers, Sky Eye 1 still 
doesn't come close to China's fastest supercomputer. Its speed is about a
 thirtieth of that of the Tianhe 2 supercomputer built by the National 
University of Defence Technology in Guangzhou, the world's most powerful
 computer since 2013.<br />
<br />
State media did not reveal the cost of Sky Eye 1, but it is unlikely to be cheap.<br />
Tianhe 2 cost more than 2.5 billion yuan (US$ 402 million) with an 
electricity bill running to around 400,000 yuan (US$ 64,000) per day.<br />
The construction of the new supercomputer in Guizhou has prompted some 
criticism over the projects' high cost and remote location.<br />
Guizhou is one of the poorest provinces in China, with nearly a fourth 
of its population living under the official rural poverty line of 2,300 
yuan (US$ 370) per year.<br />
Critics pointed out that China already has some of the world's fastest 
computers, but these machines are unused most of the time due to the 
scarcity of projects requiring them.<br />
<br />
Using computers like the Tianhe 2 and others for the FAST project would 
make more economic sense than building a brand new, incredibly expensive
 machine in a remote location, they said.<br />
<br />
One astronomer in Beijing however pointed out that existing supercomputers are not suited for the needs of the FAST project.<br />
"The cost of data transmission in China has become unreasonably high due
 to the monopoly of state-owned telecommunication companies," said the 
researcher, who declined to be named due to the sensitivity of the 
issue.<br />
<br />
"To transfer the data from FAST in Guizhou to Tianhe 2 in Guangzhou may exceed the cost of building a new computer."<br />
He added that Tianhe 2 is not designed for astronomical calculations and
 may not be able to run mainstream software designed to do such work.<br />
Zhang Peiheng, director of the high performance computer research centre
 at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told Xinhua that the calculation 
demand from the FAST telescope would exceed 200 teraflops per day.<br />
<br />
The Sky Eye 1 was tailor-made to do the job, he said.</div>
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FAST (Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope) Alien Hunting Telescope ready

The largest radio telescope in history will be hooked up to one of the world's fastest computers for a...

The world's largest radio telescope begins testing

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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span id="ext-gen109" style="font-size: 1.2em;"><span id="ext-gen108" style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 world's largest radio telescope. </span>FAST' which stands for 'Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope'</span></td></tr>
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<span id="ext-gen108" style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 world's largest radio telescope is in the final stages of completion, 
measuring 500 metres in diameter, it is now being put through its paces 
with a dry run.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Going
 by the name of 'FAST' which stands for 'Five-hundred-meter Aperture 
Spherical Telescope,' the device is being constructed in Guizhou 
Province, south-west China, reports <a class="" href="http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2015-11/22/nw.D110000renmrb_20151122_2-04.htm" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">The People's Daily Online.</a></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">It
 has taken China more than five years to build the world's biggest 
single-aperture radio telescope which covers the size of 30 football 
pitches and is currently running on schedule. Scientists carried out the
 last stages on Saturday, with hopes for a September 2016 completion.</span></div>
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Made up of over 4,500 mostly 
triangular panels and its side panels measure 11 metres long, altering 
the collective shape of the antenna</div>
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Scientists spent the weekend testing 
the largest telescope in the world which goes by the name of FAST, 
situated in southeast China</div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Chinese authorities and engineers tested a key component inside the massive telescope before it goes live indefinitely.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Over the weekend, the retina was successfully installed and tested in the telescope. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">A mechanism that weighs 30,000 kilograms and is suspended 160 metres above the reflector dish, which is still unfinished.</span></div>
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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">According to <a class="" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2015-11/23/content_22509826.htm" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">The China Daily</a>, the reflector dish will collect up signals from the whole universe.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The body of the telescope – which was first proposed in 2003 - is gigantic, measuring 500 metres across. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 enormous dish is made up of over 4,500 mostly triangular panels and its
 side panels measure 11 metres long, the motion of these panels alter 
the collective shape of the antenna. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">This new antenna is capable of reflecting radio signals from the universe to a focal point, where the receiver dome sits.</span></div>
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The world's largest radio telescope is
 in the final stages of completion, and is being put through its paces 
with a dry run in China</div>
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China is building
 the world's biggest radio telescope that's the equivalent of 30 
football pitches so it can 'listen to the universe from earth'</div>
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The gigantic telescope will cost 
approximately 1.2 billion Yuan (£124 million), making it the biggest 
astronomy project China has ever had</div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Speaking
 to reporters, Li Di, a chief scientist from the Chinese Academy of 
Sciences said: 'So far, one of the most important steps has been 
completed. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'We will finish installing all the panels by June 2016, and strive to debug the whole system by the end of September.'</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">He
 added that the design of the telescope is not difficult to understand, 
very similar to a TV antenna: 'FAST is similar to any television antenna
 on a roof, but it is so much larger that.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'With
 a larger signal receiving area and more flexibility, FAST will be able 
to scan two times more sky area than Arecibo, with three to five times 
higher sensitivity,' said Li.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Some astronomers have said it will not be long before new discoveries are found because of the advanced technology of FAST.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But
 not just new ones, Lister Staveley-Smith, an astronomer at the 
University of Western Australia, expects it to find unknown stars in the
 Milky Way other more distant galaxies.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'FAST's
 sensitivity and resolution will allow an extremely comprehensive study 
of thousands of galaxies in different environments in the local 
universe,' he said.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">After the completion of its detection, FAST is expected to maintain world-class status for the next 20-30 years. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 gigantic radio telescope will cost approximately 1.2 billion Yuan (£124
 million), making it the biggest astronomy project China has ever had.</span></div>
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It has taken more than five years to 
build the world's biggest single-aperture radio telescope. It's on 
schedule for completion in 2016</div>
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<img alt="Some astronomers have said it will not be long before new discoveries are found because of the advanced technology and size of FAST" class="blkBorder img-share" height="414" id="i-b52d23b171c67630" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/11/23/16/2EBC9D9200000578-0-image-a-63_1448296727076.jpg" width="640" /></div>
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Some astronomers have said it will not
 be long before new discoveries are found because of the advanced 
technology and size of FAST</div>
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Measuring 500 metres in diameter, the huge radio telescope is being built in Guizhou Province, southwest China </div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">FAST
 is located in the Dawodang depression, a huge karst valley in Pingtang 
County, Guizhou Province. It took the scientists as long as 17 years to 
find a hollow in the country large enough to accommodate the dish, which
 has a diameter of 1,640 feet.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 natural landscape of Dawodang depression provides the perfect size and 
shape for the construction of the telescope. The ground also provides 
enough support for the gigantic telescope.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The porous soil forms an underground drainage system that protects the telescope.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">With only one town in the 12 miles radius, the Dawodang depression is extremely isolated from magnetic disruptions.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The remoteness of the location also protects the surrounding landscape from any damage.</span></div>
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<li><a class="js-tl" href="http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2015-11/22/nw.D110000renmrb_20151122_2-04.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Read more at The People's Daily Online</a></li>
<li><a class="js-tl" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2015-11/23/content_22509826.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2015-11/23/content_22509826.htm</a></li>
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<li><h1 id="ext-gen111">
<a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/peoplesdaily/article-3330703/China-begins-testing-world-s-largest-radio-telescope-construction-124-MILLION-project-enters-final-stage.html?ITO=1490&ns_mchannel=rss&ns_campaign=1490" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">China begins testing world's largest radio telescope</span></span></a></h1>
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The world's largest radio telescope begins testing

The world's largest radio telescope. FAST' which stands for 'Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope' The ...

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FAST (Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope) Alien Hunting Telescope ready

The world's largest radio telescope begins testing

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