Errymath: invisibility cloak

Star Trek-style invisibility cloaks come a step closer after scientists find a way of making submarines undetectable by sonar

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Researchers developed the new material and incorporated it into a 
three-foot high prototype (pictured). Sonar works by firing soundwaves 
and listening for their 'echo', but the pyramid-shaped prototype was 
able to redirect redirecting approaching waves<br />
<br />
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
Star Trek-style invisibility cloaks are a 
step closer to becoming reality after scientists developed a material 
that could make submarines invisible to sonar detectors.</div>
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The invention deflects sound waves without echoing them back meaning sonar equipment cannot detect it.</div>
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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
The
 device could lead to military submarines that are invisible to enemy 
sonar, paving the way for an invisibility cloak that deflects light like
 the device used by the Starship Enterprise spacecraft in the Star Trek 
film and TV franchise.</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
Radar-evading 
stealth aircraft are a fixture of the world's air forces but until now 
underwater craft able to hide from sonar have proved elusive.</div>
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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
Researchers at Pennsylvania State University developed the new material and incorporated it into a three-foot high prototype.</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
Sonar works by firing soundwaves and listening for their 'echo', but the pyramid-shaped prototype was able to redirect<span style="font-size: 16px;"> approaching waves.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 16px;">Rather
 than deflecting off the object, the waves skirted around it without 
scattering any energy, rendering sonar technology useless.</span></div>
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To create the device, scientists 
engineered a new type of metamaterial - materials engineered in a lab to
 produce extraordinary properties not found in nature.</div>
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To
 work, the unit cell - the smallest component of the metamaterial - must
 be smaller than the acoustic wavelength of the sonar wave.</div>
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Study
 coauthor Dr Amanda Hanford said: 'These materials sound like a totally 
abstract concept, but the math is showing us that these properties are 
possible.</div>
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<img alt="Star Trek cloaking devices (pictured) are a step closer to reality after scientists developed a material that could make submarines invisible. Until now underwater craft able to hide from sonar have proved elusive" class="blkBorder img-share b-loaded" height="359" id="i-91fad8d10afcdf46" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/newpix/2018/05/10/12/4C0C64FD00000578-0-image-a-3_1525951667793.jpg" width="634" /><br />
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Star Trek cloaking devices 
(pictured) are a step closer to reality after scientists developed a 
material that could make submarines invisible. Until now underwater 
craft able to hide from sonar have proved elusive.</div>
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HOW DID SCIENTISTS CREATE A MATERIAL THAT IS INVISIBLE TO SONAR?</h3>
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Researchers at Pennsylvania State 
University designed and built a material that deflects the probing sound
 waves produced by sonar equipment.</div>
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Sonar works by firing sound waves and listening for their 'echo', but the pyramid-shaped prototype device was able to redirect<span style="font-size: 16px;"> approaching waves.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 16px;">Rather
 than deflecting off the object, the waves skirted around it without 
scattering any energy, rendering sonar technology useless.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
To
 create the device, scientists engineered a new type of metamaterial - 
materials engineered in a lab to produce extraordinary properties not 
found in nature.</div>
To work, the unit cell
 - the smallest component of the metamaterial - must be smaller than the
 acoustic wavelength of the sonar wave.</div>
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'We are working to open the floodgates to see what we can create with these materials.'</div>
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Until now most acoustic metamaterials have been designed to deflect sound waves in air.</div>
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Acoustic
 cloaking underwater is more complicated because water is more dense and
 doesn't compress as well as air, limiting engineering options.</div>
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After multiple attempts, the team designed a three-foot-tall pyramid out of perforated steel plates.</div>
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They then placed the structure on the floor of a large underwater research tank. </div>
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Inside the tank, they fired acoustic waves between 7,000 Hz and 12,000 Hz at the object and monitored the reflected waves.</div>
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They
 found the phase and amplitude of the waves reflected from the cloaking 
device matched those reflected by the tank's surface - rendering the 
object invisible. </div>
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These results 
demonstrated this material could make an object appear invisible to 
underwater instruments like sonar, the researchers said. <i><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/" target="_blank">dailymail</a></span></i></div>
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Star Trek-style invisibility cloaks come a step closer after scientists find a way of making submarines undetectable by sonar

Researchers developed the new material and incorporated it into a three-foot high prototype (pictured). Sonar works by firing soundwaves...

Stealth ‘invisibility cloaks’ on regular Fighter Jets

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China has for long been trying to develop stealth technology for its fighter aircraft, and the end results have been questioned by experts. 
However, the Asian giant seems to be taking the problem in a manner 
that's totally different from how the West, particularly the US. The 
Chinese are trying to develop materials that when used to cloak 
aircraft, can even make older non-stealth aircraft nearly invisible.<br />
<br />
Reports in Chinese <a href="http://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2142887/now-you-see-it-now-you-dont-china-tests-stealth-invisibility" target="_blank">media</a> have referred to it as the 'cloak of invisibility'. This approach is different from the Western methods of 
relying on stealthy airframes and surfaces for the aircraft. It will 
rely on 'metamaterials' to either absorb or deflect radio waves, 
theoretically making the aircraft invisible on command.<br />

The news is likely to gain sustained interest and analysis in <a href="http://www.news.com.au/military/invisibility-cloaks-china-claims-it-is-making-its-old-combat-jets-stealthy/news-story/4b661f44065627078b77d17e3efe50d9" target="_blank">defence circles</a> because it would help turn much older aircraft into stealth 
variants.<br />
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Stealth technology is not a single unit of technical know-how. It is 
more of a collection of design principles and material usage that helps 
an aircraft or a ship minimise its radar cross-section. That means a 
massive craft will show up as a much smaller object when it is picked up
 by a radar. The very idea of stealth is aimed at giving fighter jets 
more time before they are detected, cutting down on the reaction time 
available to the adversary.<br />
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For instance, the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor, considered the pinnacle 
of stealth technology so far, has wings that stretch 13.56 meters from 
tip to tip. But it will be detected by radar as an object that's the 
size of a steel marble, according to some estimates. The technologies 
and radar-absorbent materials developed for the F-22 are presently 
available only to the US, and that's why the manufacturer is banned from
 selling the F-22 to anyone other than the US military.<br />
<br />
The Chinese have claimed that their bid at building a stealth fighter - 
the Chengdu J-20 - has been successful. But defence experts have raised 
doubts on what they point out are design elements that are fundamentally
 anti-stealth - like the J-20's canards.<br />
<br />
The Chinese are now testing the metamaterial 'cloak of invisibility' on 
non-stealth aircraft at a testing facility near Eastern China's 
Shenyang, Chinese media have reported. The metamaterials used were 
developed at the State Key Laboratory of Millimetre Waves at Nanjing's 
Southeast University.<br />
<br />
The 'metamaterial' is a layer that features microscopic structures 
similar to integrated circuits. The metamaterial can alter the way radio
 waves bounce off its surface to create a ghost image or minimise echo 
on a radar.<br />
<br />
However, the reports did note that there are significant difficulties to
 be surmounted before the technology can come to fruition. The team 
developing the material had said in 2011 that it could absorb the three 
most commonly used military radar waves. In 2013, they claimed to have 
developed a 'ghost illusion device' that render the aircraft with almost
 no radar signature.<br />
<br />
But 'metamaterials' alone would not be enough to equip an aircraft with 
stealth. It would only be a piece of the puzzle. Metamaterials are also 
difficult to mass-produce, placing crushing curbs on their widespread 
use.<br />
Either way, the Chinese may be doing the same things the Americans did, 
but time will tell whether their difference in approach will help them 
reach an innovative result that the world has not seen yet.<br />
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Stealth ‘invisibility cloaks’ on regular Fighter Jets

China has for long been trying to develop stealth technology for its fighter aircraft, and the end results have been questioned by expe...

METAMATERIALS: NEW 'INVISIBILITY CLOAKS' MAKE FIGHTER JETS INVISIBLE

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The Sina report also confirmed that the materials will likely be used by
 the military, specifically for camouflaging the J-20 fighter jets as 
its chief engineer Yang Wei is also on the laboratory’s academic board. <br />
Yang Wei, the J-20's chief designer, <a href="http://The Sina report also confirmed that the materials will likely be used by the military, specifically for camouflaging the J-20 fighter jets as its chief engineer Yang Wei is also on the laboratory’s academic board." target="_blank">told</a> that China is already laying down the requirements for a 
sixth-generation follow-up to the J-20. Much as the USAF's envisioned 
futuristic Penetrating Counter Air platform, too, will likely include 
much more metamaterials.<br />
<br />
Last December, a video of a man demonstrating the abilities of a quantum
 invisibility cloak went viral worldwide after it was shared to <a class="externalLink" href="https://www.weibo.com/1890443153/Fy78Djowl?from=page_1005051890443153_profile&wvr=6&mod=weibotime&type=comment" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Weibo</a>, a Chinese social media platform.<br />
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<a href="http://www.newsweek.com/china-says-it-can-make-fighter-jets-invisible-cloaks-made-metamaterials-842167" target="_blank">Some believed</a> the clip was authentic as Chen Shiqu, the deputy director 
of Criminal Investigations Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, 
was the user who posted the footage. However, many doubted the validity 
of the clip because it did not appear on the official Chinese government
 website or the Criminal Investigation Bureau page.<br />
<br />
Zhu Zhensong, a producer at Quantum Video production company, told that the video was a sham and probably edited together 
with a plastic cloth.<br />
"Softwares such as Adobe's After Effects, Nuke or Blackmagic Fusion can 
edit the background and blend the object into it. The effect has 
previously seen in a lot of action movies," he said.<br />
<br /></div>

METAMATERIALS: NEW 'INVISIBILITY CLOAKS' MAKE FIGHTER JETS INVISIBLE

Invisibility Cloaks Metamaterials in a state-run lab that reportedly functions as ' invisibility cloaks ' and could be used t...

A 'super material' that's INVISIBLE and 'could make FIGHTER JETS impossible to see'

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<img alt="The programme, aired on China Central Television Station, shows workers making the base material (pictured) for different metamaterials, which the Chinese call 'super materials'" class="blkBorder img-share b-loaded" data-track-pos="1" height="437" id="i-2463170a8654a33" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/newpix/2018/03/12/13/4A1DA12900000578-5490455-image-m-13_1520859866757.jpg" width="634" /><br />
The programme, 
aired on China Central Television Station, shows workers making the base
 material (pictured) for different metamaterials, which the Chinese call
 'super materials<br />
<br />
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
China has built an assembly line to mass produce cutting-edge 'super 
materials' that can perform the impossible, according to the 
Chinese state broadcaster.</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
So far, the 
assembly line located in a lab in Shenzhen has manufactured different 
types of materials, including one that renders objects invisible, 
reported <a class="class" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4zqa1eCXMVU" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">China Central Television Station</a><span style="margin-left: 5px; margin: 0; padding: 0;"></span> in a documentary released last week.  </div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
Although
 the station didn't explain what the invisibility cloak 'metamaterial' 
would be used for, according to Chinese news portal <a class="class" href="https://mil.sina.cn/sd/2018-03-11/detail-ifxpwyhx0625776.d.html?vt=4&cid=65898" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">Sina</a>, it is likely to be used on the country's warplanes, particularly the J-20.</div>
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<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-lang="en">
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China claims it has created a 'super material' that's INVISIBLE and 'could make FIGHTER JETS impossible to see'<br />A lab in Shenzhen has reportedly built assembly line for metamaterials<br />They are surfaces engineered on the nanoscale to perform specific tasks<a href="https://t.co/FkbHRPUWvB">https://t.co/FkbHRPUWvB</a></div>
— Market Savant (@MarketSavant) <a href="https://twitter.com/MarketSavant/status/973327305262161920?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 12, 2018</a></blockquote>
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Chinese scientists 
have managed to produce an 'invisibility cloak' metamaterial in bulk, 
said China's state broadcaster. The team reportedly work in a laboratory
 (pictured) in Shenzhen</div>
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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
What the Chinese refer to as 'super 
materials' are generally known as metamaterials, which are a new class 
of finely-engineered surfaces that could have properties unachievable 
with conventional materials.</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font" id="ext-gen107">
Some
 metamaterials can bend infrared radiation such as visible light, which 
means they could be used to create invisibility cloaks.</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
And
 according to the Chinese Central Television Station, the Chinese 
scientists have managed to make such invisibility materials in bulk.</div>
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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
The report took the viewers inside the 
mysterious lab where Jin Xi, a doctor of Materials Science, and his team
 were busy feeding pieces of material from one machine to another.</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
Each
 piece, 80cm long and 60cm wide, is said to be the plated with bronze 
and would be used as the base material for the Chinese 'super material'.</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
A layer of special film, which could show some 20,000 patterns once exposed to light, will be added to this base material.</div>
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The patterns, as tiny as 0.2 square millimetres, are said to contain thousands of micro-structures invisible to the human eye.</div>
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These micro-structures are used to control the properties of metamaterials.</div>
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The
 report didn't mention what type of 'super material' the workers were 
making, but it claimed that Chinese scientists have 
developed metamaterials to help develop the country's aviation 
industry. </div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
A report from Sina, one of 
China's largest news portals, claimed on March 11 that the lab in 
question is the State Key Laboratory of Metamaterial Electromagnetic 
Modulation Technology in Shenzhen, a state-funded lab established in 
2011.</div>
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<h3 class="mol-factbox-title" id="ext-gen108">
<span style="background-color: #d9ead3;">WHAT ARE METAMATERIALS?</span></h3>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="ins cleared mol-factbox-body">
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
Metamaterials are a new class of surfaces which have been engineered on the nanoscale, as small as a billionth of a metre wide.</div>
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The materials used to construct them are arranged in certain patterns or shapes, designed to perform specific tasks.</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
Most are created on computers and 3D-printed as plastic blocks or slabs, although metals and other materials can also be used.</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
One such task is to bend electromagnetic radiation around an object.</div>
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The
 first examples only worked with long-wavelength radiation, such as 
microwaves, while others altered the path of near-infrared radiation.</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
Some can bend sound waves to focus them for medical purposes or to create speakers which direct sound to a specific spot.</div>
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Some scientists have claimed there is nothing stopping them from scaling their inventions up to hide objects from visible light.</div>
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So far, however, this has proved more of a challenge.</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
When light is shone upon an object it is either reflected or absorbed, dictating how it appears to a human eye.  </div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font" id="ext-gen109">
Using
 metamaterials, the interaction of particles with light can be changed 
so that the object appears invisible, or as something completely 
different.</div>
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<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-lang="en">
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China says it has developed invisibility cloaks that may be used on fighter jets <a href="https://t.co/VW2BcNH9Vk">https://t.co/VW2BcNH9Vk</a> <a href="https://t.co/dTfe8tPvlJ">pic.twitter.com/dTfe8tPvlJ</a></div>
— Newsweek (@Newsweek) <a href="https://twitter.com/Newsweek/status/973707806166716417?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 13, 2018</a></blockquote>
<script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script>
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A 'super material' that's INVISIBLE and 'could make FIGHTER JETS impossible to see'

The programme, aired on China Central Television Station, shows workers making the base material (pictured) for different metamaterials,...

Infra-red invisible cloak

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Infra-red invisible cloak  </div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span>HQ-22 anti-aircraft missile</span></span></b><br />
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Infra-red invisible cloak

Infra-red invisible cloak HQ-22 anti-aircraft missile

The Rochester Digital Cloak: Harry Potter's invisibility cloak with incredible scientific breakthrough

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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Ever fancied that invisibility cloak from Harry Potter?</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Of course you have - and excitingly the reality might not be as far off as you'd think. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Researchers from the University of Rochester in New York have released a video showing how
 you can now move an object which is cloaked by a device they have 
created and it still remains hidden to the human eye.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The invention follows in the footsteps of the <i><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZRLVZGCUZWYUEj2XQlFPyQ" target="_blank">Rochester Cloak</a></i>, unveiled in 2014, which uses four lenses in a line at specific distances from each other to make objects appear invisible.</span></div>
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<img alt="Researchers from the University of Rochester in New York have released a video showing how you can now move an object which is cloaked by a device they have created and it still remains hidden to the human eye" class="blkBorder img-share" height="356" id="i-efe3a5917b50167d" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/05/24/01/348C1C8B00000578-3605837-image-a-4_1464051138389.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-1">
  
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<div class="imageCaption">
Researchers from the University of 
Rochester in New York have released a video showing how you can now move
 an object which is cloaked by a device they have created and it still 
remains hidden to the human eye</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<br /></div>
</div>
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<img alt="The invention follows in the footsteps of the Rochester Cloak , unveiled in 2014, which uses four lenses in a line at specific distances from each other to make objects appear invisible" class="blkBorder img-share" height="357" id="i-48a44a694c88fe" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/05/24/01/348C1C9900000578-3605837-image-a-5_1464051149979.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-2">
  
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<div class="imageCaption">
The invention follows in the footsteps
 of the Rochester Cloak , unveiled in 2014, which uses four lenses in a 
line at specific distances from each other to make objects appear 
invisible</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The scientists have now been able to use flat screen displays to extend the range of angles that can be hidden from view. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Their
 method lays out how cloaks of arbitrary shapes, that work from multiple
 viewpoints, may be practically realized in the near future using 
commercially available digital devices.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The clip shows PhD student Joseph Choi using a camera, an iPad and a special lenticular lens.</span></div>
<div>
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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">He films the background before processing it so it can be displayed on the iPad thought the lens.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Usually
 the viewer at this stage could spot the difference between the 
background and a video of it played on a screen in front by changing 
their point of view</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But
 the researchers explain in the video: 'This system calculates the 
direction and position of the light rays so they can be properly 
displayed as if they were unobstructed.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'As a result, the area behind the display is effectively cloaked.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
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<img alt="The scientists have now been able to use flat screen displays to extend the range of angles that can be hidden from view" class="blkBorder img-share" height="361" id="i-7b8da627fc10cb46" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/05/24/01/348C1CA000000578-3605837-image-a-6_1464051155633.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-3">
  
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The scientists have now been able to use flat screen displays to extend the range of angles that can be hidden from view</div>
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<img alt="Their method lays out how cloaks of arbitrary shapes, that work from multiple viewpoints, may be practically realized in the near future using commercially available digital devices" class="blkBorder img-share" height="356" id="i-2fc2a7fc80d74640" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/05/24/01/348C1C9300000578-3605837-image-a-7_1464051160058.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-4">
  
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</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
Their method lays out how cloaks of 
arbitrary shapes, that work from multiple viewpoints, may be practically
 realized in the near future using commercially available digital 
devices</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<br /></div>
</div>
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    <div class="mol-img">
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<img alt="The clip shows PhD student Joseph Choi using a camera, an iPad and a special lenticular lens. He films the background before processing it so it can be displayed on the iPad thought the lens" class="blkBorder img-share" height="357" id="i-69b2ac275c030f62" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/05/24/01/348C1C8700000578-3605837-image-a-8_1464051162957.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-5">
  
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
The clip shows PhD student Joseph Choi
 using a camera, an iPad and a special lenticular lens. He films the 
background before processing it so it can be displayed on the iPad 
thought the lens</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'As the viewpoint shifts, the image on the display changes accordingly, keeping it aligned with the background.'</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>Those
 who consider equipping themselves with an iPad somewhat burdensome for 
the 'magic' effect will be relieved to know that flexible computer 
screens that can be rolled up like newspapers have already been 
developed and would be more practical than an iPad. </span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">One
 problem the the device so far is the poor resolution of the image, 
which is significantly lower than the resolution of the purely optical 
device.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Furthermore
 if the image behind the screen alters, the effect is lost as the 
background would need to be filmed and processed again, which would take
 several minutes.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">However Choi and his adviser Professor John Howell, are hoping to soon be able to produce the same effect in real time. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The Rochester Digital Cloak is patent pending.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
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<i>By

Harriet Mallinson. dailymail</i> </div>
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The Rochester Digital Cloak: Harry Potter's invisibility cloak with incredible scientific breakthrough

Ever fancied that invisibility cloak from Harry Potter? Of course you have - and excitingly the reality might not be as far o...

Harry Potter and the Army's invisibility cloak

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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF1SwtgbDLNKPa0UPUcWfXVvY7L68-4LwsbpM3rAvA_Ew0_xXI0WL-U8axd_6nr2D7YvP6WuLm2nJgEOu_xBWKYTZY8niqmthQRoxXhmQfb9d7Q7eE49cKtqgY60TiZfKtyMrByzCgJfs/s1600/Harry_tries_out_his_invisibility_cloak_in_Harry_Potter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF1SwtgbDLNKPa0UPUcWfXVvY7L68-4LwsbpM3rAvA_Ew0_xXI0WL-U8axd_6nr2D7YvP6WuLm2nJgEOu_xBWKYTZY8niqmthQRoxXhmQfb9d7Q7eE49cKtqgY60TiZfKtyMrByzCgJfs/s640/Harry_tries_out_his_invisibility_cloak_in_Harry_Potter.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Harry tries out his invisibility cloak
 in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone - but such magical devices 
could become something of a reality </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br /><b>British Military tests Hogwarts-style device that shields troops by projecting their surroundings onto its surface</b><div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">British troops have been testing a Harry Potter-style ‘invisibility cloak’ that makes them disappear on the battlefield.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">During
 field trials in the US, soldiers from 3rd Battalion The Rifles (3 
Rifles) used a high-tech camouflage sheeting called Vatec that even hid 
them from infra-red and heat-seeking devices.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">More radical camouflage 
technologies are being developed that seek to replicate how cephalopods,
 such as squid or octopus, blend in with their environment and avoid 
predators.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Their
 skin contains pigment- rich cells known as chromatophores that react to
 external factors such as the threat of a predator to change colour.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
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<img alt="" class="blkBorder img-share" height="502" id="i-b5b67c8a64cba32b" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/03/20/01/325FF30500000578-0-image-a-30_1458436246680.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-1">
  
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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Scientists
 have recently made significant steps towards mimicking this process, 
which they call visual appearance modulation, with a new material. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">One
 side of the material contains thousands of tiny light-sensitive cells 
that can detect surrounding colours. Electrical signals then trigger the
 top layer to imitate those colours by using heat-sensitive dyes.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The change in colour apparently takes two to three seconds.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Scientific
 sources estimate that in five years this colour-changing technology 
could also be used to disguise military vehicles on the battlefield.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The remarkable technology was first developed at the University of Illinois and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Engineering
 professor Xuanhe Zhao, at MIT, said: ‘I have high hopes for its use in 
military camouflage. At the moment the military spends millions of 
dollars developing new camouflage patterns but they’re all static right 
now, they don’t change. If you put a pattern designed for the forest 
into the desert, it is not going to function.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘Dynamic camouflage would allow soldiers and their vehicles to adapt to their surroundings instantly.’</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 tests by 3 Rifles and American troops of camouflage material that is 
ready for use now against enemies such as Islamic State and the Taliban 
took place earlier this year at the US Army’s centre for experimental 
warfare techniques at Fort Benning, Georgia.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">During
 the trials, British snipers used Vatec – which can be moulded into 
shapes to match mountainous terrain – to build hideaways on a mock 
battlefield.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
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<img alt="Now you see them...British troops have pleaded with top brass to buy the latest camouflage equipment" class="blkBorder img-share" height="418" id="i-8bd5fc6b583c2417" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/03/20/01/0BF0564C00000514-3500893-image-a-50_1458437563753.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-3">
  
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<div class="imageCaption">
Now you see them...British troops have pleaded with top brass to buy the latest camouflage equipment</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">They
 said they could not be seen even when other soldiers acting as the 
enemy tried to find them using the latest heat-seeking gadgets and 
infra-red trackers.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Last night, British troops pleaded with top brass to buy the latest camouflage equipment. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Corporal
 Tyrone Hoole, a sharpshooter from 3 Rifles, said: ‘This is an 
absolutely brilliant piece of kit. The lads are desperate for the Army 
to buy it. Instead of carrying chicken wire, spray paint and thermal 
sheets we can use this one item, which is really light.’ <i>dailymail.co.uk</i></span></div>
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                            <h3 class="wocc">
<b> </b></h3>
<h3 class="wocc">
<b> </b></h3>
<h3 class="wocc">
<i><b>THE MYSTERY OVER SOLDIER'S SECOND BRAVERY AWARD </b></i></h3>
<div class="ins cleared xolcc bdrcc">
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<img alt="Captain Michael Dobbin, 30, of the Grenadier Guards" class="blkBorder img-share" height="426" id="i-af5de9b681a3528" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/03/20/01/325FFE4D00000578-0-image-m-34_1458436423663.jpg" width="306" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-4">
  
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<div class="imageCaption">
<i>Captain Michael Dobbin, 30, of the Grenadier Guards</i></div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<i><span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mol-style-bold">A
 British Army officer involved in a secret military battle – believed to
 have taken place in the Middle East – has won a top gallantry award.</span></span></i></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<i><span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mol-style-bold">Captain
 Michael Dobbin, 30, of the Grenadier Guards, was awarded the 
Distinguished Service Order (DSO) for his courage and leadership of 
troops under enemy fire.</span></span></i></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<i><span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mol-style-bold">The
 Ministry of Defence would only confirm last night that operation took 
place between January and September 2015, so what Capt Dobbin did and 
where is shrouded in secrecy. </span></span></i></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<i><span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mol-style-bold">It
 has been widely reported, though never confirmed, that British troops 
are operating behind enemy lines against Islamic State (IS) fighters.</span></span></i></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<i><span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mol-style-bold">In 2013, Capt Dobbin, right, won the Military Cross after storming a Taliban compound in Afghanistan.</span></span></i></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<i><span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mol-style-bold">Lance
 Corporal James Ashworth, 23, was shot and killed in that battle while 
trying to take out a sniper, and was awarded the Victoria Cross – 
Britain’s highest military award.</span></span></i></div>
<i>
                            </i></div>
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<i><br /></i><br /></div>

Harry Potter and the Army's invisibility cloak

Harry tries out his invisibility cloak in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone - but such magical devices could become somethin...

The invisibility cloak made from 'SKIN': Material can shield objects from radar and could one day block visible light

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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkUDAn5ZfSqjx9z-D54BD2OP8d32a9x68IgcYfl3zjL2nymDsd8G_ZAX3gqe9NC_r2NfbkSZXvA7fh52ujnZ2NQOTfbSbNdfDKl7BaxPc0KGX8Id5jKHL2jjjsRLb9Dm0OEZLHd9pG5Ag/s1600/31F3601100000578-0-image-a-1_1457344752618.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkUDAn5ZfSqjx9z-D54BD2OP8d32a9x68IgcYfl3zjL2nymDsd8G_ZAX3gqe9NC_r2NfbkSZXvA7fh52ujnZ2NQOTfbSbNdfDKl7BaxPc0KGX8Id5jKHL2jjjsRLb9Dm0OEZLHd9pG5Ag/s640/31F3601100000578-0-image-a-1_1457344752618.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A group of researchers has invented a 
flexible and stretchable metamaterial-based 'skin' or meta-skin with 
tunable cloaking effects in the microwave frequency range. The material 
is made up of rows of rings, with a radius of 0.1 inches (2.5mm) and 
gaps of 0.04 inches (1mm). It could also be adapted to hide from visible
 light</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span id="ext-gen146" style="font-size: 1.2em;">The idea might seem to belong in Harry Potter, but invisibility cloaks could soon be found in real life.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">A group of engineers has invented a flexible, stretchable material that can hide an object from the eyes of radar detectors. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 so-called 'meta material' could coat the surface of the next-generation
 of stealth aircraft and the researchers are hoping to extend its 
'cloaking' properties to include visible light, too. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Radar is a way of detecting objects using radio waves or microwaves. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 waves are transmitted by the device and objects in their path reflect 
them back to the radar receiver, which can tell how far away the objects
 are or how fast they are moving.</span></div>
<div>
<div class="related-carousel with-fb sciencetech" data-track-module="am-related_carousel^related_carousel" data-track-pos="static" data-track-selector=".rotator-panels a:not([class*=external])" id="p-16">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The technology is used for detecting aircraft, spaceships, motor vehicles and missiles, for example.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 new metamaterial-based skin, or 'meta-skin', developed by a group from 
Iowa State University, is a kind of radar invisibility cloak that will 
trap radio or microwaves so would not show up under a radar detector. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
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<img alt="The idea of an invisibility cloak might seem to belong in Harry Potter (scene pictured) but soon it could be found in real life after researchers designed a new 'meta-skin'. The material can hide from radar detectors and one day, the researchers said, they hope it will work on visible light" class="blkBorder img-share" data-track-pos="1" height="317" id="i-4db6f2c2931911a6" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/03/07/10/31F3597500000578-0-image-a-2_1457344828937.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-2">
  
</div>
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<div class="imageCaption">
The idea of an invisibility cloak 
might seem to belong in Harry Potter (scene pictured) but soon it could 
be found in real life after researchers designed a new 'meta-skin'. The 
material can hide from radar detectors and one day, the researchers 
said, they hope it will work on visible light</div>
</div>
<div class="art-ins mol-factbox sciencetech">
<div class="ins cleared xolcc bdrcc">
<br /><div class="mol-img-group artSplitter">
    <div class="mol-img">
  <div class="image-wrap fff-pic">
<img alt="The liquid-filled rings in the meta-skin create electric inductors, which resist changes in current passing through them, and the gaps create capacitors.Stretching the material changes the size of the liquid metal rings inside, so changes the frequency the devices suppress" class="blkBorder img-share" height="263" id="i-1c2e43524a10b06d" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/03/07/10/31F3603F00000578-0-Stretching_the_material_changes_the_size_of_the_liquid_metal_rin-a-12_1457345762902.jpg" width="624" /></div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
The liquid-filled rings in the 
meta-skin create electric inductors, which resist changes in current 
passing through them, and the gaps create capacitors.Stretching the 
material changes the size of the liquid metal rings inside, so changes 
the frequency the devices suppress</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">It can be tuned to the specific wavelength of electromagnetic waves by stretching and flexing the skin.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The cloak is made from metamaterials, the name for composite materials that have properties not found in nature. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The specific metamaterials used for the cloak can manipulate electromagnetic waves.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'It
 is believed that the present meta-skin technology will find many 
applications in electromagnetic frequency tuning, shielding and 
scattering suppression,' the engineers wrote in their paper.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 material is made up of rows of rings, with a radius of 0.1 inches 
(2.5mm) and gaps of 0.04 inches (1mm), filled with a metal alloy that is
 a liquid at room temperature called galinstan.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
    <div class="mol-img">
  <div class="image-wrap fff-pic" style="cursor: pointer;">
<img alt="The diagram shows the experimental setup for measuring the radar detected from a nylon rod wrapped in the new meta-skin." class="blkBorder img-share" data-track-pos="2" height="435" id="i-9113f395dc39bcc8" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/03/07/11/31F3601700000578-3480178-image-a-4_1457348793112.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-3">
  
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
The diagram shows the experimental setup for measuring the radar detected from a nylon rod wrapped in the new meta-skin.</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
    <div class="mol-img">
  <div class="image-wrap fff-pic" style="cursor: pointer;">
<img alt="The diagram shows the fabrication process flow for the meta-skin. The material can trap radar waves and one day, the researchers said, the meta-skin could coat the surface of the next generation of stealth aircrafts" class="blkBorder img-share" data-track-pos="3" height="577" id="i-712044f5f4395158" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/03/07/10/31F3602B00000578-0-image-a-5_1457345111839.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-4">
  
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
The diagram shows the fabrication 
process flow for the meta-skin. The material can trap radar waves and 
one day, the researchers said, the meta-skin could coat the surface of 
the next generation of stealth aircrafts</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 rings create electric inductors, which resist changes in current 
passing through them, and the gaps create capacitors, which store 
electrical energy in a temporary electric field.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Together they create a resonator that can trap and suppress radar waves at a certain frequency.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Stretching the material changes the size of the liquid metal rings inside, so changes the frequency the devices suppress. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-img-group artSplitter">
    <div class="mol-img">
  <div class="image-wrap fff-pic" style="cursor: pointer;">
<img alt="In the range of frequency between 8 and 10 GHz, part of the spectrum used for things like cable and satellite TV and radar devices, the material suppressed about 75 per cent of the radar waves" class="blkBorder img-share" data-track-pos="4" height="506" id="i-60886831cc0fc83d" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/03/07/10/31F3602300000578-0-In_the_range_of_frequency_between_8_and_10_GHz_part_of_the_spect-a-8_1457345545019.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-5">
  
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
In the range of frequency between 8 
and 10 GHz, part of the spectrum used for things like cable and 
satellite TV and radar devices, the material suppressed about 75 per 
cent of the radar waves</div>
</div>
<div class="art-ins mol-factbox sciencetech floatRHS">
                            <h3 class="wocc">
<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span></h3>
<h3 class="wocc">
<i><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">INVISIBILITY CLOAKS IN THE MOVIES </span></span></i></h3>
<div class="ins cleared xolcc bdrcc">
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<i><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">- In
 Harry Potter, Dumbledore returns Harry's father's invisibility cloak to
 Harry as a Christmas present during his first year at Hogwarts. </span></span></i></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<i><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Harry uses the cloak throughout the series to sneak around the school. </span></span></i></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<i><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">- In  2002 Bond film Die Another Day, Bond's Aston Martin V12 Vanquish, can become invisible. </span></span></i></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<i><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">- Its
 "adaptive camouflage" cloaking system, allowed Pierce Brosnan to press a
 button and disappear his speedster, at least to the naked eye.</span></span></i></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<i><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">- And,
 although not technically a cloak, in J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings
 films, after being introduced in The Hobbit the ring of power makes 
those that wear it invisible.</span></span></i></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">In
 the range of frequency between 8 and 10 GHz, part of the super high 
frequency radio waves used for things like cable and satellite TV, 
microwave cookers, amateur radio and most modern radar devices, the 
material suppressed about 75 per cent of the radar waves.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'This
 meta-skin technology is different from traditional stealth technologies
 that often only reduce the backscattering, i.e., the power reflected 
back to a probing radar,' the paper said.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">One day, the researchers explained, the meta-skin could coat the surface of the next generation of stealth aircraft.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">They
 also hope in the long term that the devices will be able to be used on 
higher frequency electromagnetic waves, such as visible light or 
infrared, making a real invisibility cloak.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font" id="ext-gen147">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'While
 that would require advanced nanomanufacturing technologies and 
appropriate structural modifications, we think this study proves the 
concept of frequency tuning and broadening, and multidirectional wave 
suppression with skin-type metamaterials,' said Liang Dong, lead author 
of the paper. <i>dailymail</i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<br /><a href="http://ec.tynt.com/b/rf?id=bBOTTqvd0r3Pooab7jrHcU&u=DailyMail" target="_blank"></a></div>
</div>

The invisibility cloak made from 'SKIN': Material can shield objects from radar and could one day block visible light

A group of researchers has invented a flexible and stretchable metamaterial-based 'skin' or meta-skin with tunable cloaking ef...

Scientists develop ‘invisibility circuit’ for stealth planes

The researchers are affiliated with the Huazhong University of 
Science and Technology in Wuhan in central China’s Hubei province.<br />

They published their paper in last month’s <em>Journal of Applied Physics</em>, run by the American Institute of Physics.<br />
<br />

“It sounds like something that should be kept in the drawer,” said 
Professor Huang Jun, a military stealth technology researcher at the 
School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering at Beihang University. 
Huang was not involved in the research.<br />

“This will be a breakthrough if it works as they claim,” he said.<br />
<br />

“<a href="http://www.scmp.com/tech/science-research/article/1886754/really-bad-news-early-warning-radars-chinese-scientists" target="_blank">That will be really bad news for early warning radars</a>,” he added.<br />

The researchers, led by Professor Jiang Jianjun at the Wuhan 
institute’s department of electronic science and technology, could not 
immediately be reached for comment.<br />

According to their paper, they have created a multi-layer electrical 
circuit that can “trap” microwaves at ultra-high frequencies, thus 
confusing radar systems and enabling aircraft to sneak past them.<br />

<br />
All radars work by detecting “echoes” of radiowaves, which are 
bounced off a target. If the waves are absorbed by the new circuit, the 
target - in this case an aeroplane - would disappear from radar screens.<br />

What is unique about the latest finding is that the material used to 
create the circuit would be almost impossibly thin. At under one 
centimetre, it is just a tenth the size of similar products developed by
 overseas competitors. This means it could be used to coat planes for 
the first time, pundits say.<br />

Stealth planes including the F-22 and F-35 used by the US military 
are not quite as evasive as they sound, according to Huang, who said 
they can be spotted by advanced radar systems even from a considerable 
distance.<br />

<h4>
<em><strong></strong></em></h4>
Such radars typically use microwaves at strengths of 2 gigahertz or 
lower to identify and track stealth aircraft. This is because the 
currently available coating materials can only absorb electromagnetic 
waves at high frequencies.<br />

Jiang’s team said the new circuits hit the military’s sweet spot as they can absorb waves ranging from 0.7Ghz to 1.9Ghz.<br />

Many similar projects are kept under wraps because of their 
implications for national security and national defence. Some are 
supported by military funding, which prohibits their public disclosure.<br />

But in this case the team was free to act on its own discretion as it relied solely on public funds.<br />

Meanwhile, other sources said the new technology could be coupled 
with traditional paint materials to reach an unprecedented level of 
“invisibility” for military and other aircraft.<br />
  <br />

<span class="image-caption-container image-caption-container-left" style="clear: none; display: inline-block; float: left; width: 486px;"><span class="image-caption" style="display: block;"></span></span>Yet the new circuit is not without problems.
<br />
First, it is unable to absorb microwaves generated at frequencies of 
2Ghz or above, meaning that it could still be spotted by advanced radar 
systems, some of which can operate at over 40 Ghz.<br />

As such, it could take years before it is used on an actual aircraft, Huang said.<br />

It may initially be applied as an undercoat beneath other cutting-edge paints that are already used on stealth planes, he added.<br />

“It will take countless field tests to prove the circuits can survive the cruel environment of battle,” he said.<br />
<br />

Jiao Yongchang, a professor of radar technology at Xidian University in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, was more sceptical.<br />

“The advent of the [invisibility circuit] generated some interest a 
few years ago, but now the hype is cooling down because of all the 
technical limitations,” Jiao said.<br />

“The idea of it having any military application right now is the stuff of daydreams,” he added.<br />
China has been developing “invisibility cloaks” for several years - some for radars, and others designed to trick the naked eye.<br />

In 2013, a research team from Zhejiang University managed to hide 
cats and fish in broad daylight using specially designed glass prisms.<br />

</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br />
<br /></div>

Scientists develop ‘invisibility circuit’ for stealth planes

What is special about the discovery is that the coating material rendering them invisible to radar systems is in theory thin enough to be...

The new-age stealth submarines, researchers create ‘cloak of invisibility’”

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<br />
<br />
Two teams of scientists have created new materials to hide submarines
 from their enemies’ underwater sonar systems – one that transforms the 
vessel into a “chameleon”, and the other a prototype of a Harry 
Potter-like invisibility cloak.<br />
<br />

The chameleon-like ceramic-type material, created by researchers at 
the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced 
Technology, manipulates sound waves that come into contact with it, such
 as pulses generated by anti-submarine vessels that can identify 
underwater threats.<br />
<br />

This ability means sonar operators analysing the submarine’s acoustic
 pattern can be fooled into thinking it is a whale, a huge shoal of 
fish, or even a friendly submarine.<br />

Researchers call such materials “phononic” crystals. In recent years,
 various forms of phononic crystals have been developed to control, 
direct and manipulate the transmission of sound in gases, liquids and 
solids, but they all suffered one limitation.<br />

Once created, their physical properties were fixed forever, giving 
the enemy tracking it the opportunity to trace its acoustic traits.<br />
<br />

But the Chinese team, led by Professor Zheng Hairong, solved the 
problem by making it possible to control the crystal’s ability to change
 its acoustic pattern in a way similar to a chameleon changing its 
colour. <br />

In the journal, Physical Review Applied, Zheng’s team demonstrated 
that the new material could change its acoustic properties in different 
temperatures. Raising the temperature by 20degrees Celsius, for 
instance, could cause a 20 per cent shift in its sound frequency 
pattern.<br />
<br />

Research on phononic crystals has been carried out in many countries 
because of their potential applications in military and civilian 
sectors. Earlier this year, researchers in Singapore reported that it 
was theoretically possible to hide a submarine from sonar detection by 
coating it with phononic crystals.<br />

But a second team of Chinese scientists could be a step ahead thanks 
to the huge government funding for technologies with military uses.<br />
<br />

Wu Jiuhui, professor of mechanical engineering at Xian Jiaotong 
University, said his team had developed the prototype for an 
“invisibility cloak” for submarines. Its coating material could render a
 smartphone-sized object undetectable to sonar, even at low frequency.<br />

To remain undetected, a submarine not only has to dodge the enemy’s 
active sonar beams, but also prevent its own low-frequency generated 
sounds, such as its engine or crew members’ voices, from reaching an 
enemy’s listening devices.<br />

“No submarine nowadays can escape low-frequency detection. [But] our 
research will change the game of seek-and-hunt in the oceans,” Wu said. <br />

“The military wants the simplest solution because it will be the most
 reliable … They may prefer straightforward invisibility, rather than 
camouflage.”<br />

<i>Stephen Chen. SCMP ““Harry Potter and the new-age stealth submarines: Chinese researchers create ‘cloak of invisibility’”</i><br />
<br />
<br /></div>

The new-age stealth submarines, researchers create ‘cloak of invisibility’”

Two teams of scientists have created new materials to hide submarines from their enemies’ underwater sonar systems – one that transfo...

US Army is developing 'invisibility suit' using metamaterials

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 id="ext-gen48">
<span style="font-size: large;">US Army is developing 'invisibility suit' for 
soldiers to make them DISAPPEAR on the battlefield - and says it will 
begin trials in just 18 months</span></h1>
<ul class="mol-bullets-with-font">
<li class=""><span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Hoped suit will work in every terrain, and in every temperature</strong></span></li>
<li class=""><span style="font-size: small;"><strong>chameleon-like system would continuously update the colour and pattern</strong></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="author-section byline-plain">
<i>By

Mark Prigg For Dailymail.com</i>

</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The US Army is developing an invisibility suits for its soldiers.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">It
 has requested firms developing 'stealth fabrics' to get in touch - and 
is hoping to test the first prototypes within 18 months.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">It is hoped the suit will work in every terrain, from deserts to jungles - and in every temperature.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
    <div class="mol-img">
  <div class="image-wrap fff-pic" style="cursor: pointer;">
<img alt="Can you see me? The US Army has called for firms developing stealth technology to work on an 'invisibility suit' for soldiers that can be used anywhere in the world." class="blkBorder img-share" height="422" id="i-83cd63b1957b3992" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/05/07/20/191476E6000005DC-0-image-a-4_1431026314739.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-1">
  
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
Can you see me? The US Army has called
 for firms developing stealth technology to work on an 'invisibility 
suit' for soldiers that can be used anywhere in the world.</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 US army's call for proposals from companies calls for wearable 
camouflage with a chameleon-like ability to change according to the 
background. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'A
 chameleon-like or adaptive camouflage system would continuously update 
the colour and pattern, concealing the Soldier in the current 
environment.' </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">It
 calls for firms to 'Develop an innovative adaptive camouflage 
technology that can be used by individual soldiers in various land 
environments. A non-powered solution is preferred.'</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Contractors will demonstrate the feasibility of their approach in the first six months of the programme. </span></div>
<div>
<div class="related-carousel with-fb sciencetech" data-track-module="am-related_carousel^related_carousel" data-track-pos="static" data-track-selector=".rotator-panels a:not([class*=external])" id="p-16">
 </div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Those selected for the following one-year phase will submit 10 prototype uniforms for testing. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">These need to work in all terrain from all angles. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">They
 also need to function across a wide range of temperatures, in rain and 
snow, and without hampering a soldier's normal duties.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">If
 the adaptive camouflage requires a power source, this must weigh no 
more than 0.45 kilograms and provide at least 8 hours of operation.</span></div>
<div class="art-ins mol-factbox sciencetech">
                <h3 class="wocc">
                    <span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span></h3>
<h3 class="wocc">
<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span></h3>
<h3 class="wocc">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">WHAT THE ARMY WANTS </span></span></h3>
<div class="ins cleared xolcc bdrcc">
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Has 360-degree coverage and 'can actively respond to various land environments under changing light conditions.'</span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Can be integrated with soldier's equipment.</span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Ideally,
 will not require a power supply. If it does require a power supply, it 
'should last a minimum of four hours and weigh no more than two pounds' 
including batteries and connections.</span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Reflects infrared light the same way as other army uniforms</span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Works in a range of terrain, including desert, forest, urban areas, jungle, and mountains.</span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Works
 below freezing and at temperatures above 95 degrees Fahrenheit, in high
 wind, in stormy weather, and in smoke, dust, or fog</span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">It is believed two options are under consideration. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">In
 2006, John Pendry, a theoretical physicist at Imperial College London, 
showed that it should be possible to bend light around an object and 
hide it using metamaterials – which channel electromagnetic waves.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">However, many only work in the lab with specific wavelengths or from certain angles.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Work with TV-like LEDs were hampered by power and computing requirements.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But although they can bend light, metamaterials cannot make things disappear completely.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
    <div class="mol-img">
  <div class="image-wrap fff-pic" style="cursor: pointer;">
<img alt="Guy Cramer, CEO of Canadian camouflage makers Hyperstealth Biotechnology, says he demonstrated metamaterial camouflage to US military scientists last year, " class="blkBorder img-share" height="476" id="i-6906ef7af4b020b2" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/05/07/20/286CD3FF00000578-0-image-a-10_1431027665952.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-2">
  
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Guy Cramer, CEO of Canadian camouflage
 makers Hyperstealth Biotechnology, says he demonstrated metamaterial 
camouflage to US military scientists last year, </div>
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Hyperstealth Biotechnology won't yet reveal </div>
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details or release photographs of the material.</div>
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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Despite this, some firms claim they already have working products. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Guy
 Cramer, CEO of Canadian camouflage makers Hyperstealth Biotechnology, 
says he demonstrated metamaterial camouflage to US military scientists 
last year, and that the new project will allow him to move forward with 
it. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But Cramer won't yet reveal details or release photographs of the material.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'What's the holdup on our Quantum Stealth (Light Bending material)?' the firm wrote.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'The U.S. military needed to put in place the requirement, without that requirement we were not allowed to work with them. </span></div>
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The wearer would be effectively transparent at some wavelengths but not all, rendering them as a coloured shadow or ghost image</div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'Key
 people in the U.S. Military had assumed bending light across the 
Ultraviolet, Visible and Infrared spectrum was impossible until 
Hyperstealth recently demonstrated that and more to those people. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'This requirement for light weight, passive (non-powered) adaptive camouflage has now been issued.' </span></div>
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US Army is developing 'invisibility suit' using metamaterials

US Army is developing 'invisibility suit' for soldiers to make them DISAPPEAR on the battlefield - and says it will begin trials...

Harry Potter-style invisibility cloak is a step closer to reality

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<h1 id="ext-gen51">
Harry Potter-style invisibility cloak is a step 
closer to reality: 3D printed device that bends light could make objects
 disappear </h1>
<ul class="mol-bullets-with-font">
<li class=""><span style="font-size: 1.4em;"><strong>Current invisibility cloaks often tend to draw more attention to object</strong></span></li>
<li class=""><span style="font-size: 1.4em;"><strong>This is because waves decay as they pass through artificial material</strong><strong> </strong></span></li>
<li class=""><span style="font-size: 1.4em;"><strong>New technique uses battery-powered tunnel diodes to boost the power</strong></span></li>
<li class=""><span style="font-size: 1.4em;"><strong>Technique works on 3D artificial materials rather than just plain sheets</strong></span></li>
<li class=""><span style="font-size: 1.4em;"><strong>'An invisibility cloak will be a reality in my lifetime,' said Professor Xin</strong></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="author-section byline-plain">
<i>By

Ellie Zolfagharifard For Dailymail.com</i>

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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Scientists have been attempting to create invisibility cloaks long before Harry Potter made it popular.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But,
 because of the way they bend light, current designs have always tended 
to draw more attention to the object than they deflect.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Now,
 a US researcher claims to have overcome this problem by integrating 
battery-powered devices into his design - and he claims an invisibility 
cloak will be created in his lifetime. </span></div>
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The quest for a true invisibility 
cloak, seen in films such as Harry Potter (scene pictured), is the holy 
grail for physicists. But, because of the way they bend light, current 
designs have always tended to draw more attention to the object than 
they deflect</div>
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<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Hao
 Xin, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the 
University of Arizona the technology could soon be used to conceal 
military airplanes and even people.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">His US Air Force-funded research is based on the use of porous plastic bowling balls and tiny copper wire circuit boards.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">These objects are put together in precise geometrical patterns to bend waves of energy in unnatural ways.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">In particular, they reveal a property called 'negative refraction', meaning they can bend a wave backwards.</span></div>
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<img alt="Metamaterials are synthetic materials engineered to have properties that have not yet been found in nature" class="blkBorder img-share" height="364" id="i-af3cb8611298c07" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/01/26/2519277C00000578-2927503-image-m-14_1422313516727.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-2">
  
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Metamaterials are synthetic materials engineered to have properties that have not yet been found in nature</div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Through a prism with negative refraction, a straw leaning in a glass of water would appear inverted.</span></div>
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                <h3 class="wocc">
                    <span style="background-color: #f9cb9c;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">THE INVISIBILITY CLOAK FOR TIME </span></span>                </h3>
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                    <div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The quest for a true invisibility cloak, seen in films such as Harry Potter, is the holy grail for physicists.</span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But
 while many have claimed to be able able to briefly conceal objects from
 view, and even shield sounds, one team has developed a way to cloak 
entire events.</span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The say they managed to do this by concealing these events behind strands of laser light.</span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 technique, called ‘temporal cloaking’ was developed at the Purdue 
University in West Lafayette using lasers and fibre optics.</span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The researchers separated strands of frequencies in laser light before changing their respective height.</span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">They
 then sent this light through a fibre optic cable. By slowing the speed 
of photons on a particular strand, the intensity of the light was 
dropped to zero.</span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">This made that particular strand appear invisible, hidden behind or between other strands.</span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Using
 this method, the light travelling in front of this strand was sped up, 
while the trailing part was slowed down to create a gap.</span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The physicists then used this gap to insert hidden messages in data.</span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">During
 test, the hidden messages travelled along with the other frequencies, 
but arrived at the other end marginally out of sync with the photons 
surrounding it.</span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-size: 1.2em;">It is called a spacetime cloak because the data is transported in a 'bubble of time.' </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The piece above the water's surface would appear below the water and leaning in the opposite direction.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">In
 a more futuristic scenario, a person looking at a person wearing a 
cloak with artificially designed refraction properties would see part or
 none of the person.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">This would, however, depend on the cloak's refractive index and whether the light bouncing off of it reached the viewer's eye.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But metamaterials with this negative refraction have presented a vexing physics problem: They reduce the strength of the wave.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'One of the biggest problems with metamaterials is that they produce energy loss,' Professor Xin said.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'The
 waves decay as they pass through the artificial material. We have 
designed a metamaterial that retains negative refraction but does not 
diminish energy.'</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">In
 fact, the synthetic material not only prevented energy loss - it caused
 energy gain, with the microwave intensifying in strength as it passed 
through the material.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Professor
 Xin achieved this by embedding battery-powered tunnel diodes – which is
 a type of semiconductor device - and into the new material.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'Many people did not think it was possible to achieve energy gain along with negative refraction,' Professor Xin said.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">He first showed it was possible, with one-dimensional metamaterials, in a paper published in Physical Review Letters in 2011.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">His new findings, reported in Nature Communications, have broader implications, because they involve 3D metamaterials.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Professor
 Xin said it will be years before fantastical applications like a Harry 
Potter-style invisibility cloaks would appear on the market.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But he says his research is inherently practical, predicting: 'Invisibility cloaks will be a reality in my lifetime.'</span></div>
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Professor Xin said it will be years 
before fantastical applications like invisibility cloaks appear on the 
market. But his research is practical, he said, predicting: 
'Invisibility cloaks will be a reality in my lifetime'</div>
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Harry Potter-style invisibility cloak is a step closer to reality

Harry Potter-style invisibility cloak is a step closer to reality: 3D printed device that bends light could make objects disappear Cu...

Errymath