Errymath: Type 039

Details of Type 039B new AIP submarine technology revealed

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In recent years several different air-independent propulsion (AIP) 
submarines have entered service in China and are said to be leading the 
world in standards, according to Duowei News, a media outlet run by 
overseas Chinese.<br />
<br />
Due to the highly classified nature of submarine technology, however, 
the parameters of China's AIP systems have not been fully revealed to 
the public, the website stated. A May 1 report in People's Daily, however, mentioned that China's "new Stirling
 engine" was 117% more efficient than its international rivals. The 
first hints of the details of the engine technology have gradually 
emerged recently. The engine will likely be adopted by 
new AIP submarine.<br />
<br />
In the April 26 edition of People's Daily, in the run-up to Labor Day, a
 piece entitled "The 'Prettiest Worker' Reveals Why Workers are 
Beautiful" included the sentence: "In the field of special propulsion 
systems, the Stirling engine department of the 711 research institute of
 the China Ship Scientific Research Center has been around for 10 years 
and has independently developed a completely new engine, which is 117% 
more efficient than similar products overseas, which puts it in the lead
 worldwide. It is set to be installed in China's next generation of 
warships."<br />
<br />
The 711 research institute is the main research unit that develops 
propulsion systems for conventional submarines. One of the most advanced
 systems it created was the AIP system for the Type 039B Song-class 
diesel-electric submarine, powered with Stirling engines based on 
engines imported into China from Sweden during the 1980s.<br />
<br />
According to the People's Daily report, there are several models of the 
Swedish 4-275 propulsion system that the country is currently exporting 
to overseas buyers, including a 75 kilowatt and a 110 kW model. Only the
 75 kW version is being sold on the international market, however. China
 imported the 75 kW version from Sweden then replicated the engine and 
used it to power the Type 039B submarine.<br />
<br />
As the Stirling engine is not very efficient, it is normally used for 
slow cruising underwater. A new electricity generating technology 
developed in China allows the submarine to cruise underwater and charge 
its battery at the same time, the website stated. So although the four 
Stirling engines are identical in efficiency to those used in Japan's 
Soryu-class diesel-electric attack submarines, the Chinese submarines 
are afforded more tactical flexibility. Before the liquid oxygen on 
board the submarine is exhausted, the submarine does not need to 
navigate with its snorkel extended to the surface, which puts it at the 
same level of performance as a small nuclear submarine.<br />
<br />
This leaves the problem of the low efficiency of the Stirling engine. 
The engines of the Type-039B submarine charge quite slowly. After 
travelling at a speed of 20 knots for several hours underwater, it needs
 to slow to a speed of 2 knots for several days to recharge its battery,
 which makes increasing the efficiency of the engine key.<br />
<br />
This is what the 711 research institute has been working to address. 
According to a 2004 report by state news agency Xinhua, the engine 
developed by the 711 research institute has made a breakthrough in the 
technology. The new engine is said to have a 20 kW and a 100 kW model, 
said the website. The advantage of the engine is that it can be used 
together with other propulsion systems such as natural gas, diesel, 
solar energy or other solid fuels to generate electricity. This also 
reduces emissions compared to other engines on the market. This meant 
that back in 2004, China had almost equaled the power of the Swedish 110
 kW 4-275 Stirling engine.<br />
<br />
The website then speculated that the power of China's new generation of 
Stirling engine has likely reached the 160 kW or 217 kW mark. If new 
submarines were to use four Sterling engines, as the Type 039B submarine
 does, then this would mean power of 640 kW to 868 kW (868-1,180 
horsepower). The engine would also drive the submarine at the same time 
as charging the battery. The Russian Kilo-class submarine has one 150 
horsepower cruise generator and two emergency-use 102 horsepower 
generators.<br />
<br />
This means that China's new Stirling engine can charge its main battery 
at the speed of a conventionally-powered submarine in snorkel mode, 
while travelling at a low speed of 2-3 knots. This is a unique 
breakthrough. Even the lithium battery powered submarine, which is under
 development, is unable to compete with diesel-electric submarines in 
terms of energy density and it still needs to charge its battery with 
its snorkel extended. <i></i><br />
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Details of Type 039B new AIP submarine technology revealed

In recent years several different air-independent propulsion (AIP) submarines have entered service in China and are said to be leading ...

Type 041 Submarine for Pakistan Navy

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Pakistan thinking of buying Type 041 submarines <br />
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<img alt="China Pakistan S-20 submarine" class="full-width unveil-processed full-visible" data-lgsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/s-20_ssk.jpg?itok=YNv1PU3J" data-medsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/s-20_ssk.jpg?itok=ZA143vrz" data-smsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/s-20_ssk.jpg?itok=_N5q4Qmu" data-src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/s-20_ssk.jpg?itok=_N5q4Qmu" height="360" src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/s-20_ssk.jpg?itok=_N5q4Qmu" width="640" />
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    S-20. IHS Janes<br />

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    The S-20 SSK was first offered at the IDEX 2013 arms show in the 
UAE; it is a quiet 2,600 SSK capable of firing cruise missiles and 
torpedoes, in addition to inserting special forces and mines. Pakistan's Chinese subs are likely to be based off the S-20 design.<br />
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On March 31st, Pakistan announced plans to buy eight new Chinese-made 
submarines. </div>
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 The submarines are likely to be based of the Type 39B Yuan 
SSK, of which the export version is designated the S-20. </div>
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 The S-20 
displaces about 2,300 tons, but air independent propulsion (AIP) is not 
standard to the submarine.  AIP a closed off propulsion system, like a 
gas compression Stirling engine or fuel cells, that doesn't require a 
separate oxygen supply  It is a must have for modern SSKs, allowing them
 to stay underwater for up to four weeks without using noisy snorkels to
 recharge batteries (often SSK batteries have enough charge to last 
several days at most). </div>
<div class="field-body inContentAds-processed">
Pakistan's S-20s are likely to have AIP since 
its Agosta 90B submarines already have the technology; the PLAN's 12 
Yuan SSKs all have sophisticated AIP systems.</div>
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<img alt="China Navy Type 039 Submarine" class="full-width unveil-processed full-visible" data-lgsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/yuan_c_ssk.jpg?itok=99dXUuFw" data-medsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/yuan_c_ssk.jpg?itok=GbmoN7Fb" data-smsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/yuan_c_ssk.jpg?itok=xWUoLKce" data-src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/yuan_c_ssk.jpg?itok=xWUoLKce" height="480" src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/yuan_c_ssk.jpg?itok=xWUoLKce" width="640" />
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    Type 39C SSK. www.top81.cn<br />

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    The Type 039C Yuan SSK is the latest Chinese conventional 
submarine, launched in 2014.  It features a redesigned conning tower, as
 well as better sonar.  The Yuan class's AIP system makes it China's 
most capable conventional submarines.<br />
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The significance of the plan is that it Pakistan badly needs to 
modernize and expand its submarine fleet, especially given rival India's
 acquisition of domestic, French and Russian conventional and nuclear 
submarines. </div>
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Overall, Pakistan's 2015 naval plan calls for twelve 
submarines. </div>
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The Pakistani Navy currently operates five French Agosta 
submarines, with two of its Agosta 70s 40 years old and in need of 
replacement soon. </div>
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<img alt="Pakistan Babur Cruise Missile Nuclear" class="full-width unveil-processed full-visible" data-lgsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/large_1x_/public/babur_lacm.jpg?itok=bkTJRfpY" data-medsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/medium_1x_/public/babur_lacm.jpg?itok=UJfb7KqP" data-smsrc="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/babur_lacm.jpg?itok=aWulboro" data-src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/babur_lacm.jpg?itok=aWulboro" height="640" src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/babur_lacm.jpg?itok=aWulboro" width="598" />
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    Babur Cruise Missile. Pakistan Military Review<br />

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    The Babur LACM has a range of 750-1000km, and is equipped for 
both conventional and nuclear attack.<br />
 It is likely that it will form 
the basis of a submarine launched LACM, potentially giving Pakistan an 
underwater second strike nuclear capability.<br />
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The other important features of the S-20 purchase stems from 
its weaponry and its effect on regional balances of power.  The S-20 has
 a standard load of six torpedo tubes, able to fire up to 18 torpedoes 
and missile canisters, which include the 533mm Yu-6 heavy torpedo, naval
 mines and 300km range YJ-82 anti-ship missile.<br />
Such capabilities could 
prove quite important in any conventional war scenario in the region. In
 addition, Pakistan is working to modify its nuclear capable Babur land 
attack cruise missile for launch from its current Agosta 90B submarines,
 so the new S-20s would almost certainly also be designed to carry 
nuclear armed Babur missiles.<br />
 In addition to being able to launch 
nuclear strikes from previously inaccessible areas like the Bay of 
Bengal, an underwater nuclear deterrent would finally give Islamabad a 
credible second strike capability.</div>
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</article><i><span class="author"><span class="label">By</span>
  
    Jeffrey Lin and P.W. Singer. Popular Science</span></i><br />
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Type 041 Submarine for Pakistan Navy

Pakistan thinking of buying Type 041 submarines ...

Yuan class family submarines

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<b>"Yuan" class family submarines ;<br />
type039G, type039A1, type039A2 or type039A, type039B, type039C</b></div>
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<b> </b><div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
Inside China, "Yuan" / type039 has many version improved AIP system. Chinese all called them "Yuan" class.<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
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type 39 prototype<br />

type39G or type39A<br />

type39A2 or type39C<br />

<img alt="039C.jpg" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="359" src="http://defence.pk/data/attachment-files/2014/10/218923_039C.jpg" width="640" /><div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
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<u><b>Type 039 Yuan export version : S-20 sub with AIP power. </b><br />
</u><br />

<img alt="wKhJEFMrgRkEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1207293.jpg" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="426" src="http://defence.pk/data/attachment-files/2014/10/218915_wKhJEFMrgRkEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1207293.jpg" width="640" /><br />
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039/ 039B AIP and Kilo sub fleet<br />

<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="343" src="https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3815/13893427901_e647f838dc_o.jpg" width="640" /> <br />
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<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="395" src="https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3730/13893427631_58cd6eca3a_o.jpg" width="640" /> <br />
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<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="443" src="https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3807/13916545485_a664e84bb9_o.jpg" width="640" /> <br />
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<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="420" src="https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3683/13893440896_242ea1601f_o.jpg" width="640" /> <br />
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<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="428" src="https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2910/13916546475_918611b163_o.jpg" width="640" /> <br />
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<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="392" src="https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3683/13893435466_1e931941a3_o.jpg" width="640" /> <br />
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<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="400" src="https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3750/13893433706_b81a806b46_o.jpg" width="640" /> <br />
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<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="403" src="https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2913/13916974874_32db36ac1b_o.jpg" width="640" /> <br />
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<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="452" src="https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2927/13893425721_412a722b24_o.jpg" width="640" /> <br />
<br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="437" src="https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3830/13893426391_3cb5a468c3_o.jpg" width="640" /> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
092 and 094 nuclear subs<br />

old Ming class subs<br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="459" src="https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7318/13893432201_6f310b30c3_o.jpg" width="640" /> <br />
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<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="440" src="https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3791/13916979534_c752a2a0d9_o.jpg" width="640" /><br />
<br />  039 / 039A/B sub base<br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="426" src="https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7408/13917631073_b7f256aae1_o.jpg" width="640" /><br />
\<br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="426" src="https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2901/13894462242_b1e0c35c34_o.jpg" width="640" /><br />
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<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="465" src="https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7164/13894463806_364c9fa18b_o.jpg" width="640" /><br />
<br />
092 / Kilo / Ming sub fleet<br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" height="640" src="https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3798/13894462532_49f738e9fe_o.jpg" width="562" />

Yuan class family submarines

"Yuan" class family submarines ; type039G, type039A1, type039A2 or type039A, type039B, type039C Inside China, "Yuan...

Errymath

Details of Type 039B new AIP submarine technology revealed

Type 041 Submarine for Pakistan Navy

Yuan class family submarines

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