Errymath: EmDrive

Propellantless propulsion: The Chinese EmDrive in video

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<img alt="" class="attachment-featuredfull size-featuredfull wp-post-image" height="430" src="https://www.nextbigfuture.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/d7dd446fd61f689319fa6f627ed05d84-730x430.png?x71037" title="" width="730" /><br />
<br />
<br />
A Chinese television propaganda piece that the english title
 claims to describe the EMdrive propellentless drive project. It appears
 they have or will very soon attempt to put the EMdrive into space in a 
satellite. The piece does not make the technical or other aspects 
explicit.<br />
They are indicating that they are making progress at the same pace as developed countries for communication satellites.<br />
<br />
However, the level of “developed country effort” is not clear because EMdrive is widely believed to be impossible physics.<br />
<br />
NASA has had a small group perform some ground tests and they have detected small amounts of thrust.<br />
The bulk of the video refers more to catching up in communication satellite technology and not needing to import technology.<br />
The details of the EMdrive are not discussed and there do not appear to be any claims of proving the controversial physics.<br />
<img alt="" class="alignnone size-large wp-image-136569" height="550" src="https://www.nextbigfuture.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/6f4542c6ffa8f3f06dd0316d42011431-1024x550.png?x71037" width="1024" /><br />
They discuss 2000 kilogram payload and 120 transponder channels.<br />
<br />
<img alt="" class="alignnone size-large wp-image-136571" height="485" src="https://www.nextbigfuture.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/7ee6d592d78f1ef31bea623dddd5fbde-1024x485.png?x71037" width="1024" /><br />
<br />
In December 2016, Yue Chen told a reporter at China’s 
Science and Technology Daily that his team was testing an EmDrive in 
orbit, and that they had been funding research in the area for five 
years.<br />
<br />
Chen noted that their prototype’s thrust was at the “micronewton 
to millinewton level”, which would have to be scaled up to at least 
100–1000 millinewtons for a chance of conclusive experimental results. 
Despite this, he said his goal was to complete validation of the drive, 
and then to make such technology available in the field of satellite 
engineering “as quickly as possible”.<br />
<br />
In November 2016 the International Business Times reported 
that the U.S. government was testing a version of the EmDrive on the 
Boeing X-37B and that the Chinese government has made plans to 
incorporate the EmDrive on its orbital space laboratory Tiangong-2.<br />
<br />
Cannae drive (similar technology to EMdrive) has claimed 
that would put cubesats with their propulsion into space. Their website 
is not working at this time.<br />
<br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="460" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Mdcer1QQLrA" width="660"></iframe>

<br />
<br />
More:<br />
<br />

<br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-hyphenate: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-vertical-align-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other;"><a href="http://www.sciencealert.com/leaked-nasa-paper-shows-the-impossible-em-drive-really-does-work" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Leaked NASA paper
     shows the 'impossible' EM Drive really does work - ScienceAlert</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-hyphenate: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-vertical-align-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other;"><a href="http://www.nextbigfuture.com/2016/11/new-nasa-emdrive-paper-shows-force-of.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Next Big Future: New
     NASA Emdrive paper shows force of 1.2 millinewtons per kilowatt in a
     Vacuum and a low thrust pendulum and tests were at 40, 60 and 80 watts</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-hyphenate: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-vertical-align-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other;"><a href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/emdrive-leaked-nasa-paper-reveals-star-trek-microwave-thruster-does-work-1590244" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EmDrive: Leaked Nasa
     peer review paper replicates Roger Shawyer's 2006 results</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-hyphenate: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-vertical-align-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7kgKijo-p0ibm94VUY0TVktQlU/view" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Q-Thruster In-Vacuum
     Fall 2015 Test Report.pdf - Google Drive</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-hyphenate: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-vertical-align-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other;"><a href="http://motherboard.vice.com/read/the-fact-and-fiction-of-the-nasa-emdrive-paper-leak" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Fact and Fiction
     of the NASA EmDrive Paper Leak | Motherboard</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-hyphenate: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-vertical-align-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other;"><a href="http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/1.B36120" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Measurement of Impulsive Thrust from a
     Closed Radio-Frequency Cavity in Vacuum (AIAA)</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-hyphenate: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-vertical-align-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other;"><a href="http://today.uconn.edu/2016/12/the-em-drive-science-fact-or-science-fiction/" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">To Mars in 70 Days.
     Science Fiction or Fact? - UConn Today</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-hyphenate: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-vertical-align-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other;"><a href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/emdrive-chinese-space-agency-put-controversial-tech-onto-satellites-soon-possible-1596328" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EmDrive: Chinese
     space agency to put controversial microwave thruster onto satellites 'as
     soon as possible'</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-hyphenate: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-vertical-align-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=Mdcer1QQLrA" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Propellantless
     propulsion: The Chinese EmDrive by CAST scientist Dr Chen Yue, China's
     Space Agency - YouTube</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<br /></div>

Propellantless propulsion: The Chinese EmDrive in video

A Chinese television propaganda piece that the english title claims to describe the EMdrive propellentless drive project. It appears t...

EM drive is a joke?

Cutting-Edge Thruster Gives Space Program a Lift

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdG44EiWQifjQ7Co6uwic3dz0wk39bSlznKKV685iCxWv859rs0MGseCcZPTHvCLOZOz6D5wdduxJLh2PLeeDil_92-kE43dvZnAFylFG6Qa40GrT-oPE4awz9ywfYXQwCVIix8VP13ZE/s1600/The+Shijian-17+satellite%252C+loaded+with+the+HEP-100MF+thruster%252C+is+launched+by+a+Long+March+5+rocket+in+the+Wenchang+Satellite+Launch+Center+in+Hainan+province+on+Nov.+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdG44EiWQifjQ7Co6uwic3dz0wk39bSlznKKV685iCxWv859rs0MGseCcZPTHvCLOZOz6D5wdduxJLh2PLeeDil_92-kE43dvZnAFylFG6Qa40GrT-oPE4awz9ywfYXQwCVIix8VP13ZE/s640/The+Shijian-17+satellite%252C+loaded+with+the+HEP-100MF+thruster%252C+is+launched+by+a+Long+March+5+rocket+in+the+Wenchang+Satellite+Launch+Center+in+Hainan+province+on+Nov.+3.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The Shijian-17 satellite, loaded with the HEP-100MF thruster, is 
launched by a Long March 5 rocket in the Wenchang Satellite Launch 
Center in Hainan province on Nov. 3</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="cons-author cf">
      
      <div class="cons-author-txt">
<i> </i></div>
<div class="cons-author-txt">
<a href="http://www.caixinglobal.com/2016-12-26/101030621.html" target="_blank"><i>By Yu Dawei and Teng Jing Xuan</i></a></div>
<div class="cons-author-txt">
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: 15px;">A unique thruster mounted on a recently 
launched satellite has given China's space program an edge over 
international rivals and opened a door to deep-space exploration.<br />
<br />
The HEP-100MF thruster, jointly developed by research teams from the 
Harbin Institute of Technology (H.I.T.) and the China Academy of Space 
Technology's (CAST) Institute 502, successfully debuted Nov. 22 aboard 
an orbiting Shijian-17 satellite. The satellite was launched Nov. 3 by a
 Long March 5 rocket.<br />
<br />
"The thruster ignited successfully in geosynchronous orbit," the H.I.T. 
announced. The ignition "marks the first application of magnetic-focus 
(HEP-100MF) in space.<br />
<br />
The HEP-100MF propulsion system relies on a magnetic field to convert and control the propellant — a plume of charged ion particles — that generates the thrust needed at times to stabilize the orbiting Shijian-17.<br />
<br />
A system that relies on magnetic-focus, ion plume propulsion is less 
likely to damage a thruster's mechanism than other propulsion systems, 
scientists say. It's also considered more efficient than traditional 
chemical-propulsion thrusters.<br />
<br />
Chemical fuel propelled the powerful Saturn V rockets that helped the 
U.S. space program put men on the moon from 1969-72. But the Saturn V's 
first-stage engines burned out in less than three minutes, scientists 
say, and most of the rocket's fuel was used to propel its own weight.<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 15px;">  </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">After the engines on a Saturn V rocket burned out, the rocket's payload 
went into "space glide" mode, using inertia and gravity's pull to hurdle
 toward a destination. But additional thrust is needed to propel a 
gliding spacecraft beyond the solar system and into deep space.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"> </span><br />
Chemical propulsion systems have been commonly deployed for years to 
stabilize communications satellites, which require constant adjusting 
while in orbit. Sooner or later, though, these thrusters run out of 
fuel.<br />
<br />
The HEP-100MF might be used for deep-space missions because it's 
designed for longevity. The thruster "can be applied to space station, 
deep space exploration (and) high- and low-orbit Earth satellite orbit 
control," the H.I.T. said.<br />
<br />
China has not announced plans for a deep-space mission, but the nation's
 space program has been expanding rapidly. Recent developments include 
new rockets and the launching of a manned space station.<br />
<br />
<b>Hunting for Thrust</b><br />

The HEP-100MF is based on so-called "Hall-effect thruster" technology, 
which has been tested on the ground by researchers at American, Russian,
 European Union and Japanese space agencies.<br />
<br />
But China's thruster aboard the Shijian-17, which the official Xinhua 
News Agency said was built to "verify new technology," was the first to 
be successfully tested in space. It's also dramatically unlike 
propulsion systems of the past.<br />
<br />
Scientists have been working for years to develop long-lasting, 
deep-space-capable alternatives to chemical propulsion. Research into 
electric propulsion, for example, was under way in the United States and
 the Soviet Union even while the first Apollo missions were putting men 
on the moon more than 40 years ago.<br />
<br />
Chemical propulsion is the best option for a short burst of power, but 
mass can be moved via electric propulsion over a much longer period. 
Using a chemical propulsion system, 1 kg of mass can be moved for 300 
seconds using 1 kg of fuel. But an electric propulsion system can 
perform the same task over a period of 9,000 seconds, or two and a half 
hours.<br />
<br />
U.S. researchers led by scientist Harold Kaufman of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) worked on electron 
bombardment thrusters, which are now called Kaufman thrusters. Soviet 
researchers, guided by A. I. Morozov of the Kurchatov Institute, focused
 on the Hall-effect thruster technology.<br />
<br />
Kaufman thrusters are more fuel-efficient and have a higher specific 
impulse than Hall-effect thrusters. But the Hall-effect thruster 
mechanism is less complicated and smaller than its rival.<br />
<br />
The first Kaufmann thruster for a deep-space mission kicked into action 
aboard NASA's Deep Space 1 spacecraft in 1998. It delivered a relatively
 small amount of thrust — roughly equivalent to the amount of 
gravity-induced pressure that keeps a single sheet of paper lying flat 
on a table. But in space, that was enough thrust to accelerate the 
spacecraft by up to 32 km per day.<br />
<br />
Moreover, the Kaufmann thruster managed to operate for more than 14,000 
hours — a longer lifespan than all of the world's chemical propulsion 
engines ever built put together.<br />
<br />
Hall-effect thrusters have been used to propel more than 238 
communications satellites since 1971. But researchers have been unable 
to overcome the system's shortcomings, such as its relatively short 
lifespan and the fact that its ion plume can damage the thruster mechanism.<br />
<br />
<b>Chinese Breakthough</b><br />

Chinese space scientists considered but then abandoned the idea of using
 electric thrusters for satellites in the 1980s. But then researchers, 
led by H.I.T. scientist Yu Daren, a child prodigy who joined the 
institute at age 15, built on the success of the Hall-effect thruster to
 develop the HEP-100MF.<br />
<br />
The H.I.T.'s work began in the 1990s, Yu told Caixin in a recent 
interview, after the Russians could hail the success of their 
Hall-effect thruster technology and after commercial satellites in the 
United States started using a so-called ion thruster in 1997.<br />
<br />
A wave of Chinese researchers that included Yu initially tried to 
replicate Mozorov's findings in their own labs. Eventually, they decided
 to go beyond the Russians by using magnetism to confine the thruster's 
damaging plume.<br />
<br />
Mozorov's team had developed a rudimentary magnetic-focus system. But 
when Yu's team visited Mozorov in Moscow, they found the Russian 
technology as unreliable as their own.<br />
<br />
"The father of the Hall-effect thruster had the same problem: 
inconsistent performance," Yu told Caixin. "But my team realized that, 
if it's possible to control the ion jet for even one instant, there's a 
possibility that we can extend this control, and focus the jet 
consistently."<br />
<br />
Unlocking the secret would require many years of trial and error, Yu 
believed. Thus, the Chinese space program started giving more attention 
to electric propulsion.<br />
<br />
Interest has grown gradually. Only 20 people attended China's first 
National Electric Propulsion Conference at HIT in 2005. But 150 
scientific papers were submitted to the annual conference in 2016.<br />
<br />
In October 2012, China space-tested one Shijian-series satellite with a 
Kaufman thruster and another with a Hall-effect thruster. Each 
thruster's experiment lasted seven minutes.<br />
<br />
"Forty years of work went into those seven minutes," said Zhang Weiwen, 
director of the CAST Institute 510, whose scientists developed the 
thrusters.<br />
<br />
In 2015, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp. Institute 801 
researchers announced a breakthrough in Hall-effect technology. They 
said they had developed a thruster with a lifespan of 75,000 hours that 
could ignite 15,000 times and burn 18,000 hours without a break.<br />
<br />
The following year, Yu's team and CAST Institute 502 researchers said 
they had developed a Hall-effect thruster that would improve on its 
predecessor by up to 30 percent, the thruster's chief designer Mao Wei 
told the South China Morning Post. They called it the HEP-100MF.<br />

The November experiment, which was the first flight test for the 
HEP-100MF, has fueled confidence in China's propulsion technology and 
the space program's ability to rocket into deep space.<br />

"The technology for deep-space exploration already exists," Yu said. "All we need now is a go-ahead from the government."</span><br />
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">EmDrive</span></b><br />
<br />
<img alt="[IMG]" class="bbCodeImage LbImage" data-url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVriK8yDGG2HNcye342KZDE-KtMSz0DjNkkrZq3oYcTUAk4xfhM4CJwsqL8v3xW60zaDhWXuPNrI7gluR0KoNBsCj11dxXC6ReMEU0YHFAM3JjBFzbHkHw880qpTnDZIj7yc8IaOCFpwoX/s640/emdrive.jpg" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVriK8yDGG2HNcye342KZDE-KtMSz0DjNkkrZq3oYcTUAk4xfhM4CJwsqL8v3xW60zaDhWXuPNrI7gluR0KoNBsCj11dxXC6ReMEU0YHFAM3JjBFzbHkHw880qpTnDZIj7yc8IaOCFpwoX/s640/emdrive.jpg" /><br />
<b>EmDrive and the propellentless Cannae drive</b><br />
<br />
CAST has held a press conference in Beijing explaining the 
importance of the EmDrive research and to move the technology forward.<br />
<br />
 EM Drive already on board its version of the International Space Station,<a href="http://www.nextbigfuture.com/2016/12/jerry-pournelle-talks-about-chinas.html" target="_blank"> the space laboratory Tiangong-2</a>.<br />
Chinese researchers have at least constructed an EM Drive and have been studying it for more than five years now.<br />

Chief designer of the CAST (China Academy of Space Technology) communication satellite division, Li Feng, 
told the media that so far their EM Drive only produces millinewtons of 
thrust (similar to NASA's version) and to make it functional, they need 
to get those levels up to between 100 millinewtons and 1 newton.<br />

The team is allegedly now working on the cavity design of the EM Drive 
and the position of the thruster, before testing their new versions on 
their satellites in orbit.<br />

Logically if an EMDrive was placed on Tiangong-2 and no thrust was 
produced in orbit, then the CAST team would probably not hold a
 press conference.<br />
If tiny thrust was produced
 in orbit and in a vacuum then further research would be pursued. 
Further research could still occur if thrust seemed to be produced on 
the ground but did not appear in orbital microgravity. <br />
"This technology is currently in the latter stages of the 
proof-of-principle phase, with the goal of making the technology 
available in satellite engineering as quickly as possible," Li Feng 
explained at the press conference.<br />

"Although it is difficult to do this, we have the confidence that we will succeed."<br />
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<br /></div>
</div>

Cutting-Edge Thruster Gives Space Program a Lift

The Shijian-17 satellite, loaded with the HEP-100MF thruster, is launched by a Long March 5 rocket in the Wenchang Satellite Launch Cen...

Did 'impossible' EmDrive engine really work?

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlNxORwIwYYR4LK24QUz5mPlcd5fvBvn4WonHP5ct-OYIi7xTcpMlLyTJ7yxEV9r-ZI5ZvUBpPPqIdnMLvbyq8gxm2arWlT_UzWCupevkFiylbcyHjv3TaMfAHhMRKbfg2izZclXzgXN4/s1600/EmDrive.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="412" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlNxORwIwYYR4LK24QUz5mPlcd5fvBvn4WonHP5ct-OYIi7xTcpMlLyTJ7yxEV9r-ZI5ZvUBpPPqIdnMLvbyq8gxm2arWlT_UzWCupevkFiylbcyHjv3TaMfAHhMRKbfg2izZclXzgXN4/s640/EmDrive.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
    <span id="ext-gen156" style="font-size: 1.2em;">EmDrive</span><br />
<br />
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span id="ext-gen157" style="font-size: 1.2em;">Scientists
 in China claim they’ve created a working prototype of the ‘impossible’ 
reactionless engine – and they say they’re already testing it in orbit 
aboard the Tiangong-2 space laboratory.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span id="ext-gen156" style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 radical, fuel-free EmDrive recently stirred up controversy after a 
paper published by a team of NASA researchers appeared to show they’d 
successfully built the technology.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">If the physics-defying concept is brought to reality, it’s said the engine could get humans to Mars in just 10 weeks.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But
 now, scientists with the China Academy of Space Technology claim NASA’s
 results ‘re-confirm’ what they’d already achieved, and have plans to 
implement it in satellites ‘as quickly as possible.’</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mol-style-bold"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
<div class="mol-img">
<div class="image-wrap fff-pic" style="cursor: pointer;">
<img alt="A fuel-free engine, described as 'impossible' to create, may now be a step closer to reality, according to leaked Nasa documents. Pictured is a prototype of the EMDrive" class="blkBorder img-share b-loaded" height="407" id="i-7ea6d5d6e9fd187d" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/11/07/11/3A25C7B500000578-3912828-A_prototype_of_the_impossible_fuel_free_engine_that_some_say_pow-a-2_1478518237773.jpg" style="display: block;" width="634" /><br />
<div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-1">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
A fuel-free engine, described as 
'impossible' to create, may now be a step closer to reality, according 
to leaked Nasa documents. Pictured is a prototype of the EMDrive</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
 <span style="font-size: 1.2em;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">With
 no fuel to eject, the EmDrive would violate Newton’s third law, which 
states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">At
 a press conference in Beijing, however, researchers with Cast confirmed
 the government has been funding research into the technology since 
2010, and claimed they’ve developed a device that’s already being tested
 in low-Earth orbit, <a class="" href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/emdrive-chinese-space-agency-put-controversial-tech-onto-satellites-soon-possible-1596328" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">IBTimes UK</a> reports.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">It comes just a month after anonymous sources told IBTimes UK that tests on the EmDrive were underway aboard Tiangong-2.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘National
 research institutions in recent years have carried out a series of 
long-term, repeated tests on the EmDrive,’ Dr Chen Yue, head of the 
communication satellite division at Cast said at the press conference, 
IBTimes UK reports.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘NASA’s
 published test results can be said to re-confirm the technology. We 
have successfully developed several specifications of multiple prototype
 principles.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘The
 establishment of an experimental verification platform to complete the 
milli-level micro thrust measurement test, as well as several years of 
repeated experiments and investigations into corresponding interference 
factors, confirm that in this type of thruster, thrust exists.’</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Cast
 is a subsidiary of the Chinese Aerospace Science and Technology 
Corporation (CASC) and the manufacturer of Dong Fang Hong satellites.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font" id="ext-gen158">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">According
 to Li Feng, chief designer of Cast’s communication satellite division, 
the team has built a prototype that so far generates just a few 
millinewtons of thrust, IBTimes UK reports.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<br />
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span id="ext-gen159" style="font-size: 1.2em;">For it to work on a satellite, they will need to bring the levels up to something between .1-1 Newtons.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">This
 means they will have to improve the cavity design to reduce electrical 
losses, and develop a solution for the placement of the microwave 
thruster on the satellite itself.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘This
 technology is currently in the latter stages of the proof-of-principle 
phase, with the goal of making the technology available in satellite 
engineering as quickly as possible,’ Li Feng said at the conference, 
IBTimes reports.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘Although it is difficult to do this, we have the confidence that we will succeed.’<span class="mol-style-bold"> </span> </span></div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
<div class="mol-img">
<div class="image-wrap fff-pic" style="cursor: pointer;">
<div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-2">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
</div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Following the official publication of the NASA research last month, many have dismissed the results as an experimental error.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">This
 includes advanced propulsions systems expert Brice Cassenti, who  says 
there is likely a ‘mundane explanation’ behind the findings.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But,
 while the expert argues that there’s a ‘slim’ probability that the 
results will hold up in further investigation, he also notes that ‘it’s 
not zero.’</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 violations seen in the EmDrive concept would ‘invalidate much of the 
basis for all of physics as we know it,’ Cassenti, an engineering 
professor at the University of Connecticut, told <a class="" href="http://today.uconn.edu/2016/12/the-em-drive-science-fact-or-science-fiction/" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">UConn Today</a>.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The paper, now published in the AIAA’s <a class="" href="http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/1.B36120" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">Journal of Propulsion and Power</a>, describes a series of successful tests carried out by scientists at NASA’s Eagleworks Laboratories.<span style="font-size: 1.2em;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Its
 publication means it has been reviewed by scientists independent to the
 study, adding to its credibility – but, this does not necessarily mean 
that the results are valid.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">As
 there is no ‘plausible proven physical explanation’ for the findings as
 of yet, either experimentally or theoretically, the expert says the 
results may boil down to an experimental error.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘I personally believe that there is a mundane explanation for the results,’ Cassenti said.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘For
 example, electric currents are heating components within the Drive that
 expand during the experiments, causing motion that would appear as a 
force.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
<div class="mol-img">
<div class="image-wrap fff-pic" style="cursor: pointer;">
<img alt="The technology has been dubbed the 'warp drive' for its similarity to the fictional propulsion system seen  in the Star Trek series" class="blkBorder img-share b-loaded" height="404" id="i-28a0f0be17ce5f71" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/10/18/11/397B858700000578-0-image-a-26_1476786146428.jpg" style="display: block;" width="634" /><br />
<div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-3">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption" id="ext-gen155">
The
 technology has been dubbed the 'warp drive' for its similarity to the 
fictional propulsion system seen  in the Star Trek series</div>
<div class="imageCaption" id="ext-gen155">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘It
 is very difficult to remove such effects, although the authors of the 
journal article tried to remove not only these thermal effects but also 
many other possible sources for experimental errors.’</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">According
 to Cassenti, it’s extremely difficult to be certain that all sources of
 error have been eliminated, and this can only be proven through 
independent tests of the hypothesis.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">If the EmDrive results do turn out to be valid, the achievement ‘points to new physics.’</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">And
 while there have been circumstances where Newton’s laws have been found
 not to apply at high speeds, as in large gravitational fields and with 
tiny molecules, the researcher note that ‘Newton is still mostly right.’</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
<div class="mol-img">
<div class="image-wrap fff-pic" style="cursor: pointer;">
<img alt="If the physics-defying concept is brought to reality, it’s said the engine could get humans to Mars in just 10 weeks" class="blkBorder img-share b-loaded" height="591" id="i-64d445e093079302" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/12/20/17/0324207C000003E8-4052580-image-m-16_1482256560015.jpg" style="display: block;" width="634" /><br />
<div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-4">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
If the physics-defying concept is brought to reality, it’s said the engine could get humans to Mars in just 10 weeks</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘Over
 my professional life, I have seen several of these exciting 
experimental or theoretical results reported in peer-reviewed 
literature,’ Cassenti said.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘So far only the reality of black holes has come through. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'So,
 based on my experience, the probability of this holding up under 
further analysis and testing appears slim. But it’s not zero.’  </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mol-style-bold"></span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Essentially,
 the EmDrive generates thrust by harnessing particles of light and 
bouncing microwaves around inside a closed chamber, shaped like a cone.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The movement generates thrust at the slim end of the cone, which drives the engine forward. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
In the new study, which tested if the device could operate in a vacuum, the researchers found that 't<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">hrust
 data from forward, reverse, and null suggested that the system was 
consistently performing at 1.2±0.1 mN/kW1.2±0.1 mN/kW, which was very 
close to the average impulsive performance measured in air.'</span></div>
<div class="moduleFull mol-video">
<a class="namedLink" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="video"></a><br />
<div class="item">
</div>
</div>
<div class="vjs-flyout-wrapper-absolute">
<div class="vjs-video-container vjs-fixed vjs-span-two-col sciencetech" id="v-4010015895127964243">
</div>
</div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
<div class="moduleFull mol-video">
<div class="item">
</div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The 
supporting physics model for these conditions, according to the 
researchers, could be a 'nonlocal hidden-variable theory, or pilot-wave 
theory for short' - an interpretation of quantum mechanics. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Many
 have taken interest in the findings, including one physicist who has 
claimed that there ‘may really be something’ in the findings – but, the 
cause might be something entirely different than what’s been proposed.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Rather
 than the quantum vacuum theory which was initially cited in the leaked 
version to explain the findings, a phenomenon known as the ‘Mach effect’
 could be to blame, according to <a class="" href="http://motherboard.vice.com/read/the-fact-and-fiction-of-the-nasa-emdrive-paper-leak" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">Motherboard</a>.<span class="mol-style-bold"> </span></span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">By
 this effect, which Woodward first theorized in the 1990s, some of the 
force applied to an accelerating body of mass is stored as potential 
energy in its body rather than generating kinetic energy, according to 
Motherboard.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">This
 causes fluctuations in the object’s resting mass, and this effect could
 be harnessed to create the type of thrust seen in the experiments. <i>Popular Science </i></span><span style="font-size: 1.2em;"></span></div>
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" embed="" frameborder="0" height="460" id="molvideoplayer" player="" scrolling="no" src="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/embed/video/1273301.html" width="660"></iframe>
<br />
<div class="item" data-track-module="am-external-links^external-links" id="external-source-links">
<br />
<br />
<b>Read more:</b>
  <br />
<ul>
<li><a class="js-tl" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7kgKijo-p0ibm94VUY0TVktQlU/view" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Q-Thruster In-Vacuum Fall 2015 Test Report.pdf - Google Drive</a></li>
<li><a class="js-tl" href="http://www.sciencealert.com/leaked-nasa-paper-shows-the-impossible-em-drive-really-does-work" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Leaked NASA paper shows the 'impossible' EM Drive really does work - ScienceAlert</a></li>
<li><a class="js-tl" href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/emdrive-leaked-nasa-paper-reveals-star-trek-microwave-thruster-does-work-1590244" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">EmDrive: Leaked Nasa peer review paper replicates Roger Shawyer's 2006 results</a></li>
<li><a class="js-tl" href="http://www.nextbigfuture.com/2016/11/new-nasa-emdrive-paper-shows-force-of.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Next
 Big Future: New NASA Emdrive paper shows force of 1.2 millinewtons per 
kilowatt in a Vacuum and a low thrust pendulum and tests were at 40, 60 
and 80 watts</a></li>
<li><a class="js-tl" href="http://motherboard.vice.com/read/the-fact-and-fiction-of-the-nasa-emdrive-paper-leak" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The Fact and Fiction of the NASA EmDrive Paper Leak | Motherboard</a></li>
<li><a class="js-tl" href="http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/1.B36120" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Measurement of Impulsive Thrust from a Closed Radio-Frequency Cavity in Vacuum (AIAA)</a></li>
<li><a class="js-tl" href="http://today.uconn.edu/2016/12/the-em-drive-science-fact-or-science-fiction/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">To Mars in 70 Days. Science Fiction or Fact? - UConn Today</a></li>
<li id="ext-gen162"><a class="js-tl" href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/emdrive-chinese-space-agency-put-controversial-tech-onto-satellites-soon-possible-1596328" id="ext-gen161" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">EmDrive: Chinese space agency to put controversial microwave thruster onto satellites 'as soon as possible'</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>

Did 'impossible' EmDrive engine really work?

EmDrive Scientists in China claim they’ve created a working prototype of the ‘impossible’ reactionless engine – and they say the...

The Impossible Propulsion Drive Is Heading to Space

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjobomfK1PRgdu8_Z5bOZC9B-xSQj-zw9DvDY0cEnFO45BWXVRQQlWkrmwDrEytYsxJCUu0_Mhs1np7-OrLeFKSDzRIcyKhLz6bPOP6JjhdGPt4vkHj400Pmtx0FwqR94c0Cyud93MRpg/s1600/37D8BA6F00000578-3771651-image-m-26_1472853548135.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjobomfK1PRgdu8_Z5bOZC9B-xSQj-zw9DvDY0cEnFO45BWXVRQQlWkrmwDrEytYsxJCUu0_Mhs1np7-OrLeFKSDzRIcyKhLz6bPOP6JjhdGPt4vkHj400Pmtx0FwqR94c0Cyud93MRpg/s640/37D8BA6F00000578-3771651-image-m-26_1472853548135.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<span style="font-size: small;">The <a class="body-el-link standard-body-el-link" href="http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a15323/temdrive-controversy/">EmDrive</a>, a hypothetical miracle propulsion system for outer space, has been sparking heated arguments for years. </span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<span style="font-size: small;">NASA researchers have suggested that the drive is actually <a class="body-el-link standard-body-el-link" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20140006052">pushing against "quantum vacuum virtual plasma</a>" of particles that shift in and out of existence.</span><br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span id="ext-gen76" style="font-size: 1.2em;">Physicists
 around the world have long denounced the idea as ‘impossible,’ but one 
firm has now revealed its plans to send the first reactionless space 
drive into orbit.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><a class="" href="http://cannae.com/" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">Cannae Inc.</a>
 claims it has demonstrated prototypes of a system that does not require
 on-board propellant to generate thrust, and according to the firm, this
 will be used to launch a demo cubesat into low-Earth orbit in an 
upcoming mission.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">It’s
 been argued that this concept violates the laws of thermodynamics, and 
if such demonstrations prove to be successful, it could have major 
implications for our current understanding of physics.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
    <div class="mol-img">

<div class="image-wrap fff-pic" style="cursor: pointer;">
<img alt="Cannae Inc. claims it has demonstrated prototypes of a system that does not require on-board propellant to generate thrust, and according to the firm, this will be used to launch a demo cubesat into low-Earth orbit in an upcoming mission" class="blkBorder img-share" height="357" id="i-99a8e5f2ef46c000" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/09/02/22/37D8A82500000578-3771651-image-a-24_1472853513622.jpg" width="634" /><div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-1">
  
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
Cannae Inc. claims it has demonstrated
 prototypes of a system that does not require on-board propellant to 
generate thrust, and according to the firm, this will be used to launch a
 demo cubesat into low-Earth orbit in an upcoming mission. <i>dailymail</i></div>
</div>
<div class="art-ins mol-factbox floatRHS sciencetech" id="66eb3490-7158-11e6-92f9-052a7fde2887">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Similar to the hypothetical EmDrive, the Cannae Drive is a closed system that generates thrust with no exhaust, <a class="" href="http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/a22678/em-drive-cannae-cubesat-reactionless/" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">Popular Mechanics</a> explains.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">And, it's been claimed that this technology would be capable of getting to Mars in just ten weeks. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Cannae’s system relies on Lorentz  – electromagnetic – force created from the thrusters to generate propulsion.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The technology was invented by Guido Fetta, and on August 17, the firm revealed it will soon be put to the test of space.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Cannae
 has formed a new sister company called Theseus Space Inc. to kick off 
the mission, with plans to use a 6U cubesat, roughly the size of a 
shoebox, to demonstrate the thruster.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘Theseus
 is going to be launching a demo cubesat which will use Cannae thruster 
technology to maintain an orbit below a 150 mile altitude,’ the firm 
says.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<br /><div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘This 
cubesat will maintain its extreme LEO altitude for a minimum duration of
 6 months. The primary mission objective is to demonstrate our thruster 
technology on orbit.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘Secondary
 objectives for this mission include orbital altitude and inclination 
changes performed by the Cannae-thruster technology.’</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">If
 this type of system is found to be successful, in contrast to 
widespread belief, it could revolutionize the satellite business, 
Popular Mechanics points out.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Propellants make up much of a satellite’s weight and can be a limiting factor in their performance.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But if it works, the Cannae Drive could be a game-changer.</span></div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
    <div class="mol-img">

<div class="image-wrap fff-pic" style="cursor: pointer;">
<div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-2">
  
</div>
</div>
<div class="image-wrap fff-pic" style="cursor: pointer;">
<div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-2">
<img alt="" class="swap-image embedded-image--image lazy-loaded" data-cut="768" data-img320="http://pop.h-cdn.co/assets/15/18/480x240/landscape-1430424187-emdrive.jpg" data-img320-h="240" data-img320-w="480" data-img480="http://pop.h-cdn.co/assets/15/18/640x320/landscape-1430424187-emdrive.jpg" data-img480-h="320" data-img480-w="640" data-img640="http://pop.h-cdn.co/assets/15/18/1430424187-emdrive.jpg" data-img640-h="449" data-img640-w="699" data-img768="http://pop.h-cdn.co/assets/15/18/1430424187-emdrive.jpg" data-img768-h="449" data-img768-w="699" data-src="http://pop.h-cdn.co/assets/15/18/1430424187-emdrive.jpg" height="411" src="http://pop.h-cdn.co/assets/15/18/1430424187-emdrive.jpg" style="display: block;" width="640" /> EmDrive first demonstrated by British engineer Roger Shawyer.</div>
<div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-2">
The propulsion system is said to generate thrust without any propellant. </div>
<div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-2">
<a class="body-el-link standard-body-el-link" href="http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/04/evaluating-nasas-futuristic-em-drive/">NASA Spaceflight</a> has published an article claiming that this time, the emDrive is really real, and it's gotten picked up a lot by other outlets.</div>
<div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-2">
Just last month, Jose Rodal <a class="body-el-link standard-body-el-link" href="https://www.inverse.com/article/20406-nasa-eagleworks-emdrive-electromagnetic-thruster">claimed</a>
 on the NASA Spaceflight forum that a NASA paper, "Measurement of 
Impulsive Thrust from a Closed Radio Frequency Cavity in Vacuum" has 
finally been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication by the American 
Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, but this cannot be confirmed 
yet. </div>
<span style="font-size: small;">There is competition.  a
 lively open-source community of EmDrive enthusiasts has sprung up. 
They're <a class="body-el-link standard-body-el-link" href="http://emdrive.wiki/Experimental_Results">building their own drives</a>, and the online discussion is on nasaspaceflight.com now runs to <a class="body-el-link standard-body-el-link" href="https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?board=73.0">many hundreds of pages of informed technical comment</a>.</span></div>
<div class="image-wrap fff-pic" style="cursor: pointer;">
 </div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘Cannae’s
 thruster technology is capable of generating thrust from a few uN up 
through several newton thrust levels and higher levels,’ the firm says.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘The
 Cannae thruster technology is particularly useful for small satellite 
missions due to low power, mass and volume requirements.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">‘Our
 thruster configuration for the cubesat mission with Theseus is 
anticipated to required less than 1.5 U volume and will use less than 10
 watts of power to perform station keeping thrusting.’</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 firm has yet to announce the date for this mission, and is faced with 
competition from other innovators looking to build similar systems.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Last month, it was claimed that a Nasa paper on the technology had been accepted for peer review. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font" id="ext-gen78">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But until these systems really prove their capabilities, physicists still largely remain skeptical.</span></div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<br /></div>
</div>

The Impossible Propulsion Drive Is Heading to Space

The EmDrive , a hypothetical miracle propulsion system for outer space, has been sparking heated arguments for years. NASA r...

Is the mystery of the 'impossible' fuel free EmDrive thruster about to be solved?

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYKwDHXtxXHXJrCrcWG2qhyU5GfxjaPE2l7m3dj96wz2UHLEBxQMsacRB-fdXhFkw1GF7d0lk3ccj1sDoX9yQmB_WGgdr_YmKJ9EnLONMaHloIxYuNznqDwwUMFucQ0uvw67jrL2af5Zw/s1600/Star+trek++++warp+drive.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="404" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYKwDHXtxXHXJrCrcWG2qhyU5GfxjaPE2l7m3dj96wz2UHLEBxQMsacRB-fdXhFkw1GF7d0lk3ccj1sDoX9yQmB_WGgdr_YmKJ9EnLONMaHloIxYuNznqDwwUMFucQ0uvw67jrL2af5Zw/s640/Star+trek++++warp+drive.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
The technology has been dubbed the 'warp drive' for its similarity to the power plant from the fictional Star trek series.<br />
<br />
<div class="mol-para-with-font" id="ext-gen29">
<span id="ext-gen35" style="font-size: 1.2em;">It has been dubbed the  'impossible engine', that could take humans to Mars in just 10 weeks - but nobody knows how. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span id="ext-gen36" style="font-size: 1.2em;">The so-called EmDrive creates thrust by bouncing microwaves around in an enclosed chamber, and uses only solar power.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Many
 argue the concept is simply hype, suggesting the design goes against 
the laws of physics , and now a Nasa lab that has been studying the 
concept is set to publish its findings for the first time it has been 
claimed.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mol-style-bold"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
<div class="mol-img">
<div class="image-wrap fff-pic" style="cursor: pointer;">
<img alt="" class="blkBorder img-share" height="405" id="i-2b07f7fa13a84603" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/06/16/13/3559FF0400000578-0-image-a-20_1466079451376.jpg" width="634" /><br />
<div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-1">
</div>
</div>
<span class="cap" itemprop="caption">The EmDrive cavity chamber created by Shawyer's space company Satellite Propulsion Research Ltd</span><span class="credit" itemprop="copyrightHolder">. <i>Roger Shawyer, Satellite Propulsion Research Ltd</i></span></div>
<div class="imageCaption">
</div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mol-style-bold"></span></span></div>
<div class="art-ins mol-factbox floatRHS sciencetech" id="2245b670-33b5-11e6-9c69-730fa2589b80">
<h3 class="wocc">
                                <span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span></h3>
<h3 class="wocc">
<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span></h3>
<h3 class="wocc">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">WHAT IS AN EM DRIVE? </span></span>                            </h3>
<div class="ins cleared xolcc bdrcc">
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The concept of an EmDrive engine is relatively simple.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">It provides thrust to a spacecraft by bouncing microwaves around in a closed container.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Solar energy provides the electricity to power the microwaves, which means that no propellant is needed.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 implications for this could be huge. For instance, current satellites 
could be half the size they are today without the need to carry fuel.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Humans could also travel further into space, generating their own propulsion on the way.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But when the concept was first proposed it was considered implausible because it went against the laws of physics.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Its allegedly fuel-free nature also means that the drive may directly contradict the law of conservation of momentum.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">It suggests it would produce a forward-facing force without an equal and opposite force acting in the other direction.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><img alt="" height="415" src="https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=40959.0;attach=1361361;image" width="640" /> </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><a href="https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=40959.0;attach=1361361;sess=0">proxima-centauri-b-landscape</a> </span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">British scientist Roger Shawyer devised the EmDrive concept and first presented it in 1999, but spent years having his technology ridiculed by the international space science research community. According to Shawyer, if the technology is ever commercially realised, EmDrive could transform the aerospace industry and potentially solve the energy crisis, end climate change and speed up space travel by making it much cheaper to launch satellites and spacecraft into orbit.</span><br />
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The idea for an EmDrive was proposed in 1999 by a researcher named Roger Shawyer. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Since then four independent labs, including one at Nasa, have recreated the drive.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But
 the mysterious engine had baffled scientists because it appeared to 
violate the law of conservation of momentum, which states for every 
action there has to be an equal and opposite reaction.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">This
 means the rocket can only accelerate forward if a force of equal 
magnitude is sent in the other direction - the rocket's exhaust.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
Nasa's Eagleworks team is now ready to reveal its findings, it has been claimed - sending the physic world into a tizzy.</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'It
 is my understanding that Eaglework's new paper has been today accepted 
for publication in a peer-review journal, where it will be published,' 
claims one user on the Nasa Spaceflight <a class="" href="https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=40959.msg1573592&utm_source=fark&utm_medium=website&utm_content=link&ICID=ref_fark" id="ext-gen31" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">forum</a>. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><img alt="Microwaves in space" class="imgPhoto full" height="426" id="i1525084" itemprop="contentUrl representativeOfPage" src="https://d.ibtimes.co.uk/en/full/1525084/microwaves-space.jpg?w=400" title="Microwaves in space" width="640" /> </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><span style="font-size: small;">Is the mystery of the 'impossible' fuel free EmDrive thruster about to be solved? Claims secretive Nasa lab to publish paper on 'warp drive' that could take humans to Mars in 10 weeks</span> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Earlier this year, an employee confirmed the team was working on the paper.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'The Eagleworks Lab is NOT dead and we continue down the path set by our NASA management. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'Past
 that I can't say more other than to listen to Dr Rodal on this topic, 
and please have patience about when our next EW paper is going to be 
published. Peer reviews are glacially slow,' Eagleworks engineer Paul 
March wrote on the same forum. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font" id="ext-gen37">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Earlier this year, a <a class="" href="http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/adva/6/6/10.1063/1.4953807" id="ext-gen32" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">paper</a> published in AIP Advances  suggests the EmDrive produces an exhaust like every other rocket.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<br />
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
<div class="mol-img">
<div class="image-wrap fff-pic" style="cursor: pointer;">
<img alt="Simulated transverse magnetic modes TM20, (red high, blue low) at the wide and narrow ends of the EmDrive cavity differ from each other. This implies  interference of microwaves, and hence also anisotropic efflux of paired photons. The loss of momentum results in an equal and opposite reaction, i.e., thrust" class="blkBorder img-share" height="300" id="i-7e10112cd904c8c4" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/06/16/13/355A14D200000578-0-image-a-15_1466079262783.jpg" width="634" /><br />
<div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-2">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<span class="cap" itemprop="caption">The 
schematic view of a cavity where simulated transverse magnetic modes, 
(red high, blue low) at the wide and narrow ends of a metallic tapered 
cavity differ from each other. This uneven interference of microwaves 
implies uneven efflux of photon pairs, and hence uneven loss of momentum
 results in an equal and opposite reaction, i.e. thrust. </span><i><span class="credit" itemprop="copyrightHolder">Arto Annila</span></i><br />
</div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'EmDrive
 works just like any other engine,' Dr Arto Annila, physics professor at
 the University of Helsinki and lead author of the paper, told 
MailOnline.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'Its fuel is the input photons at microwave lengths.'</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 researchers suggest the photons coming out of the machine interfere 
with each other, so that the overall effect seems as if nothing is 
there. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'In
 the cavity the input photons will bounce back and forth, and invariably
 some of them will interfere completely destructively.'</span></div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
<div class="mol-img">
<div class="image-wrap fff-pic" style="cursor: pointer;">
<div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-3">
</div>
<div class="overlay-icon mobile-gallery">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption" id="ext-gen33">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'Then the two photons will be exactly 180 degrees out phase. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'At
 the complete interference electromagnetic fields for the two photons 
will cancel exactly, but the photons themselves continue to propagate.'</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 idea is the same as water waves travelling together, at the exact right
 time so that the crest of one wave is exactly at the trough of the 
other and cancelling each other out. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 water does not go away, it's still there. In the same way the pairs of 
photons are still there and carrying momentum even though they cannot be
 seen as light.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
<div class="mol-img">
<div class="image-wrap fff-pic" style="cursor: pointer;">
<img alt="The Nasa Eagleworks team is tasked with investigating radical propulsion methods" class="blkBorder img-share" id="i-b82b6777cfb05f96" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/08/29/22/37B0F4A700000578-3764112-image-a-2_1472505491147.jpg" /><br />
<div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-4">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
The Nasa Eagleworks team is tasked with investigating radical propulsion methods<br />
</div>
<h3>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></h3>
</div>
<div class="mol-img-group floatRHS">
<div class="mol-img">
<div class="image-wrap fff-pic">
<img alt="The idea is the same as water waves travelling together, at the exact right time so that the crest of one wave is exactly at the trough of the other" class="blkBorder img-share" height="292" id="i-78b14449c433e5c4" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/06/16/13/3559FEEB00000578-0-The_idea_is_the_same_as_water_waves_travelling_together_at_the_e-a-18_1466079359909.jpg" width="306" /></div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
The idea is the same as water waves 
travelling<br />
together, at the exact right time so that the crest<br />
of one 
wave is exactly at the trough of the other</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>The EmDrive does work, but there's still a long way to go</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b> </b></span> </div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'The
 paired photons without net electromagnetic field will escape from the 
cavity,' Dr Annila said. 'This efflux of paired photons is the exhaust 
of EmDrive.'</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'When
 the cavity is asymmetric, like the tapered cone, the efflux of paired 
photons is also asymmetric. Therefore the loss of momentum carried by 
the paired photons is uneven. In other words, thrust is non-zero.'</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Dr
 Annila came up with the idea along with Dr Erkki Kolehmainen, an 
organic chemistry professor at the University of Jyväskylä and Patrick 
Grahn, a multiphysicist at engineering software firm Comsol. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'Thrust
 without exhaust is of course impossible,' the authors wrote in their. 
'Yet, certain resonant cavities, when fueled with microwaves, deliver 
thrust without apparent exhaust.' </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Their theory suggest the exhaust produced by the EmDrive is there, but just cannot be seen. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">Dr
 Annila said the photons could theoretically be detected by an 
interferometer, the same instrument used to detect gravitational waves.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'My
 gut feeling is that it will be very difficult to detect such a small 
excess in energy density, especially when operating EmDrive steadily,' 
he said.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'Namely
 changes are more amenable to detection in any case. But still our idea 
about the exhaust can be useful to design the cavity for pairing photons
 better for an exit in a preferred direction, and hence to generate more
 thrust.' </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="art-ins mol-factbox sciencetech" id="e911de80-33ad-11e6-830d-a349757c19ac">
<h3 class="wocc">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><b>HOW THE EMDRIVE PRODUCES THRUST WITHOUT AN EXTERNAL FORCE</b></span></h3>
<h3 class="wocc">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><b> </b></span></h3>
<div class="ins cleared xolcc bdrcc">
<div class="mol-img-group float-r">
<div class="mol-img">
<div class="image-wrap fff-pic">
<img alt="Dr Mike McCulloch of Plymouth University has a new explanation about how the EmDrive works" class="blkBorder img-share" height="306" id="i-268bf94638c46159" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/04/27/19/3397CA9100000578-3562034-image-a-2_1461781962236.jpg" width="306" /></div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
Dr Mike McCulloch of Plymouth University has</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
a new explanation about how the EmDrive works</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The EmDrive creates thrust by bouncing microwaves around in an enclosed chamber, and uses only solar power.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">According
 to classical physics, the EM Drive should be impossible because it 
seems to violate the law of conservation of momentum.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 law states that the momentum of a system is constant if there are no 
external forces acting on the system – which is why propellant is 
required in traditional rockets.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But Mike McCulloch of Plymouth University came up with a possible explanation based on a new theory of inertia.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">McCulloch's
 suggests inertia arises from an effect predicted by Einstein's theory 
of general relativity called 'Unruh radiation'.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 Unruh radiation effect states that if you're accelerating in a vacuum, 
empty space will contain a gas of particles at a temperature 
proportional to the acceleration.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">According to McCulloch, inertia is the pressure that the Unruh radiation exerts on an accelerating body.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">When
 the accelerations involved are smaller, such as is the case with the 
EmDrive, the wavelength of Unruh radiation gets larger.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">At extremely small accelerations, the wavelengths become too large to fit in the observable universe.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">As
 a result, inertia may only take on whole-wavelength units over time, 
causing it to become 'quantized.' This means it can only in some 
multiple of a unit of measure, causing sudden jumps in acceleration. </span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">But because of the EmDrive's truncated cone, the Unruh radiation in tiny.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 cone allows Unruh radiation of a certain size at the large end but only
 a smaller wavelength at the other end, according to an in-depth report 
by MIT.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">This
 means the inertia of photons inside the cavity change as they bounce 
back and forth. To conserve momentum, they are forced to generate 
thrust.</span></div>
<div class="mol-para-with-font">
<br /></div>
<div class="artSplitter mol-img-group">
<div class="mol-img">
<div class="image-wrap fff-pic" style="cursor: pointer;">
<img alt="The concept of an EmDrive engine is relatively simple. It provides thrust to a spacecraft by bouncing microwaves around in a closed container. Dr Mike McCulloch, a scientist at Plymouth University, says something known as 'Unruh radiation' may be behind the bizarre performance of drive" class="blkBorder img-share" height="538" id="i-6e758805776151d3" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/06/16/13/3559FEF900000578-0-The_concept_of_an_EmDrive_engine_is_relatively_simple_It_provide-a-19_1466079385293.jpg" width="624" /><br />
<div class="share-pictures-overlay" id="share-pictures-5">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageCaption">
The concept of an
 EM Drive engine is relatively simple. It provides thrust to a 
spacecraft by bouncing microwaves around in a closed container. Dr Mike 
McCulloch, a scientist at Plymouth University, says something known as 
'Unruh radiation' may be behind the bizarre performance of drive. <i>dailymai</i></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="moduleFull mol-video">
<a class="namedLink" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="video"></a><br />
<div class="item">
</div>
</div>
<div class="vjs-flyout-wrapper-absolute">
<div class="vjs-video-container vjs-fixed vjs-span-two-col sciencetech" id="v-3708360444001">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" embed="" frameborder="0" height="573" id="molvideoplayer" player="" scrolling="no" src="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/embed/video/1109504.html" width="698"></iframe>
</div>

Is the mystery of the 'impossible' fuel free EmDrive thruster about to be solved?

The technology has been dubbed the 'warp drive' for its similarity to the power plant from the fictional Star trek series. It ...

Errymath

Propellantless propulsion: The Chinese EmDrive in video

EM drive is a joke?

Cutting-Edge Thruster Gives Space Program a Lift

Did 'impossible' EmDrive engine really work?

The Impossible Propulsion Drive Is Heading to Space

Is the mystery of the 'impossible' fuel free EmDrive thruster about to be solved?

Latest

Archive

Subscribe